Stalin txoj kev tuag thiab tus tawm tsam rau lub hwj chim

Great thawj coj thiab cov xib fwb, hlau txiv neej, despot, dictator, tyrant thiab tsim txom ua ... Nws tsis yog tag nrho cov epithets uas rau hnub no yog muab tsub comrade Iosifa Vissarionovicha Stalina. Tab sis seb nws yog ib qhov zoo los yog phem - lub npe ntawm no zoo heev politician uas txij thaum lub caij 1920 los kom txog rau thaum nws tuag nyob rau hauv 1953, coj los ntawm tus Soviet lub xeev, paub thiab nco ntsoov qhov loj feem ntau ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xyoo ntawm nws reign muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb uas tau pab cov chav kawm ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm ob lub USSR thiab lub ntiaj teb no. Industrialization, dispossession, loj tsuj, lub Great xav tias tsam lawv, kev tshaib kev nqhis, lub ntiaj teb ob War - tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm dab tsi "ib txhais tes" tus txiv neej no. Yog li ntawd, Stalin tuag plunged accustomed mus rau lub dictatorial tsoom fwv ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub poob siab: neeg tsis paub yuav txaus siab rau nws los yog tsis, lawv twb nyob rau ntawm ib tug tsis tau. Txawm li cas los, tsis meej pem henchmen thawj coj. Txij li thaum Stalin, uas nws tuag yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug Sudden stroke, tsis npaj ib daim tuaj hloov, thiab lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm lub hwj chim rau ib tug los yog lwm ntawm nws pab tsis tau tshwm sim, ces nws pib mus tua rau tag nrho thiab sundry. Lub ntsiab contenders nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus muab tau peb cov neeg: Georgiy Maksimilianovich Malenkov, Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev thiab Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria.

Raws li ib tug hais nruab nrab, cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau ntawm no theem tau tshaj tawm tias txoj cai ntawm collective coj noj coj ua. GM Malenkov, hais lus nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1953 nyob rau Plenum ntawm lub CPSU Central Committee, taw tes kom paub tias tsis muaj ib tug twv tsis thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ib tug contender rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug successor, vim hais tias tsuas khoom, cohesive pab neeg ntawm tog cov thawj coj muaj peev xwm ua raws li xws li. Txawm li cas los, Malenkov, Khrushchev, thiab Beria koom rau ib tiam neeg ntawm nomenclature, tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tog purges thiab reshuffles 20-30s. Cov no yog cov tej yam kev mob ntawm lub tib tug hwj chim ntawm Stalin tsoom fwv, thiab qhov teeb meem no tau instilled nyob rau hauv lawv xws li ib tug qauv lub koom haum ntawm lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj.

Stalin tuag tau ua loj kev kho me ntsis nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub USSR. Thaum xaus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II twb tsim nyog kho, thiab lawv tau nyob. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub hais tias Malenkov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm collective coj noj coj ua, prioritization tub ceev xwm tseem coj qhov chaw. Raws li GM Malenkov yog nyob rau hauv tus ncej ntawm lub Prime Minister, nws kuj yog lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev apparatus thiab, yog li ntawd, yog tus thawj ntawm cov sib npaug. Tsawg tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hierarchy tau txais kev pab NS Khrushchev: nws coj cov neeg sab nrauv apparatus li cov Secretary ntawm lub Central Committee.

Raws li rau Beria, nws yog ib tug heev thiab tsis meej xwm txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no triumvirate: lub enormous hwj chim feeb meej nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm lub sab hauv Ministry, ua ke nrog lub Ministry of State Security. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog nyob rau hauv tus ncej ntawm cov thawj deputy tus tswj ntawm lub Council of Ministers. Lavrentiy Beriya yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj uas npaj los qhia nws saib rau ntawm qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm txoj cai. Nws yog ib tug supporter ntawm reconciliation nrog Yugoslavia, muaj los pab txhawb kom cov koom ua ke ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, txawm rau ib tug bourgeois hauv paus, sawv hauv kev empowerment ntawm lub Soviet republics, etc. Stalin txoj kev tuag thiab tus kheej ambitions thiab muaj peev xwm tso cai Beria siv lawv cov tswv yim, tab sis ua ntej no daim duab ntawm kev ntshai ntawm senior ua hauj lwm coj mus rau lub unanimous txiav txim tawm tsam nws. Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1953, Beria twb puas tau raug ntes, liam ntawm treason thiab sim koom tes tau tswj txeeb hwj chim. Tshaj tawm hais tias tus yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg, Lavrenty Pavlovich twb raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm Stalin txoj kev tuag thiab tus tawm tsam rau lub hwj chim tau coj mus rau lub fact tias Malenkov tsuas raug thawb rau ib sab vim hais tias ntawm nws lub cev tsis tau kom lub reins ntawm lub hwj chim, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm pib mus rau "ntxuav lawv ob txhais tes" tog. Khrushchev, uas tau raug tsa Thawj Secretary ntawm lub tog Central Committee, qhia nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau ntau influential, haib thiab charismatic thawj coj, uas nws tus kheej zoo, muaj peev xwm qhia cov tswv yim thiab tsuas zoo, thiab npaj siab tseem ceeb kev hloov mus rau hauv cov style ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tog kabmob muaj ib tug zoo feem rau lub pawg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txoj kev tuag ntawm Stalin thiab Khrushchev tus sawv los muaj hwj chim coj mus xws li kho raws li lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo abolition ntawm cov cwm pwm cult, txoj kev hloov mus rau ntau saj zawg zog npaj thiab negotiating txoj cai, ib tug ncaim economic kev rho tawm, thaum pib ntawm txoj kev koom tes thiab muaj kev thaj yeeb coexistence nrog lwm lub teb chaws.