Silicon (tshuaj caij) zog yam ntxwv mis. Silicon qhib zaj dabneeg

Muaj ntau niaj hnub hauj kiag li lawm thiab apparatuses tau tsim vim lub cim thaj chaw ntawm tshuaj pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Noob neej los ntawm kws thiab ceev faj txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej yam uas nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lossi upgrades nws tus kheej invention - qhov no yog hu ua hauj kev kawm. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv tej yam yooj yim, mus siv cuag rau txhua leej txhua tus tej yam uas nyob ib ncig ntawm peb nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Piv txwv li, cov xuab zeb, nws yuav tsum ceeb thiab txawv txawv? Zaum twb tau cais tawm nws los ntawm lub pob zeb ntais - ib tug tshuaj caij, tsis muaj uas yuav muaj tsis muaj computer cov khoom. Nws teb ntawm daim ntawv thov yog ntau haiv neeg thiab yog lossi expanding. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm cov khoom nws tus silicon atom, nws cov qauv thiab cov tseem yooj yim tebchaw nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj.

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Nyob rau hauv lub periodic system, tsim D. I. Mendeleevym, pob zeb ntais (tshuaj caij) qhia los ntawm cov cim Si. Nws yog hais txog qhov uas tsis yog-hlau, yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab cov plaub pab pawg neeg ntawm peb lub sij hawm, muaj cov atomic tooj 14. Nws sib thooj rau cov tsis yog lo: nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm lawv lub zog yog piv. Tsis pom nyob rau hauv qhov nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv no, raws li ib tug active caij thiab muaj ib tug txaus muaj zog daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau oxygen. Base khoom - silica, uas yog ib qho oxide, thiab silicates (xuab zeb). Thaum zoo li no silicon (lub ntuj compound) yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov tshuaj hais nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Pawg feem cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws yog zaum ob tsuas yog mus oxygen (ntau tshaj 28%). Lub sab saum toj ua kiav txhab txheej muaj silicon dioxide nyob rau hauv daim ntawv (qhov no quartz), ntau hom ntawm txais av ya thiab xuab zeb. Qhov thib ob feem ntau pab pawg neeg no yog ua los ntawm nws cov silicates. Nyob rau ib lub qhov tob ntawm txog 35 km ntawm tus nto khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg cov txheej txheem ntawm granite thiab basalt deposits, uas muaj xws li silicon tebchaw. Qhov feem pua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb tus ntxhais yog tsis tau figured tawm tsis tau, tab sis ze tshaj rau ntawm qhov chaw khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov tuav txoj cai (mus txog 900 km) muaj silicates. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm seawater silicon concentration yog 3 mg / l, daim av 40% muaj tebchaw. Cosmos, uas noob neej rau hnub tim tau soj ntsuam muaj no tshuaj caij nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau. Piv txwv li, spectral tsom xam ntawm meteorites, uas txuas hauv av ntawm ib tug deb uas yog muaj nyob rau kev soj ntsuam, tau qhia hais tias lawv muaj xws li 20% ntawm cov pob zeb ntais. Muaj ib tug tau ntawm tsim ntawm lub neej nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm no nyob rau hauv peb galaxy.

kev tshawb fawb cov txheej txheem

Keeb kwm ntawm lub foundations ntawm cov tshuaj caij silicon muaj ob peb theem. Muaj ntau yam, systematized Mendeleev, siv los ntawm noob neej rau centuries. Ntxiv mus, lub ntsiab yog nyob rau hauv lub natural daim ntawv no, kuv .e. nyob rau hauv lub tebchaw uas tsis tau sib kho, thiab tag nrho lawv lub zog twb tsis paub tias mus rau cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib yam khoom uas nws tshwm sim tshiab siv. Cov khoom ntawm pob zeb ntais rau hnub tim tsis tau kawm txog rau thaum xaus - qhov no caij yog txaus dav thiab ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv sau npe yoojyim chav tsev tshiab discoveries rau yav tom ntej tiam ntawm kws tshawb fawb. Niaj hnub nimno technology yuav ho leeb txoj kev no. Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua, ntau nto moo chemists tau sim kom tau ib tug dawb huv silicon. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws twb tau mus ua Tenaru L. thiab J. Gay-Lussac nyob rau hauv 1811, tab sis lub foundations ntawm lub caij belongs rau J. Berzelius, uas muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas qhia hais tias tus yeeb tshuaj, tab sis kuj yuav piav txog nws. Chemist los ntawm Sweden tau txais silicon nyob rau hauv 1823, rau qhov nws siv nws yog xim hlau poov tshuaj thiab poov tshuaj ntsev. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub catalyst nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tshav kub. Cov uas ua tej yam yooj yim tshuaj gray-xim av xim yog ib tug amorphous silicon. Crystal ntshiab caij twb tau nyob rau hauv 1855 Sainte-Kler Devilem. Lub complexity yog ncaj qha mus txog rau qee ntawm ib tug siab zog atomic bonds. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si zaum, qhov kev tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws kev coj kom ib tug txheej txheem ntawm purification los ntawm impurities, lub amorphous thiab crystalline qauv muaj ntau zog.

Silicon: tshuaj caij hais

Lub npe ntawm lub resulting hmoov - Kizel - twb npaj siab los ntawm Berzelius. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom thiab lub tebchaws United States silicon thiab niaj hnub no raug xa mus rau raws li silicon (Silicium) los yog silicone (Silicon). Lub sij hawm derives los ntawm Latin lo lus "pob zeb uas tawv" (los yog "pob zeb"), thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau nws yog khi rau lub tswvyim "ntiaj teb" vim muaj ib tug thoob plaws kis tau nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lavxias teb sab hais cov tshuaj sib txawv, nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw. Nws tau raug hu silica (Zakharov thov lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 1810), Sicily (1824, Dvigubsky, Solovyov), silica (1825, ntshai), thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1834, lub Lavxias teb sab chemist German Ivanovich Gess qhia ib lub npe uas kom txog rau thaum tam sim no siv feem ntau qhov chaw - silicon. Lub Periodic Mendeleyev System nws xaiv cim Si. Yuav ua li cas mus nyeem cov tshuaj caij silicon? Muaj ntau kws tshawb fawb ntawm cov lus Askiv hais lus lub teb chaws hais nws lub npe ua "B" los yog siv lo lus "silicone". Li no lub ntiaj teb no-nrov npe ntawm tus hav, uas yog ib tug kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim ntawm lub computer hardware platform. Lavxias teb sab-hais lus pejxeem yog hais txog mus rau lub pob zeb ntais caij (los ntawm Greek lo lus "pob tsuas Roob").

Ua nyob rau hauv qhov: teb

Tag nrho roob systems tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb ntais tebchaw, uas yog tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb huv daim ntawv no, vim hais tias tag nrho cov paub cov zaub mov yog dioxides los yog silicates (aluminosilicates). Lub amazing kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub pob zeb siv los ntawm cov neeg raws li ib tug ornamental cov ntaub ntawv uas - nws opals, amethysts, quartz hom, jasper, chalcedony, agate, pob zeb siv lead ua, carnelian thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Lawv tsim vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntau yam silicon tebchaw uas txiav txim tus ceev, qauv, cov xim thiab cov kev taw qhia txog kev siv. Saib xyuas inorganic ntiaj teb no yuav tsum txuam nrog ib yam tshuaj uas caij, nyob rau hauv uas cov ib puag ncig ntaub ntawv muaj zog bonds nrog co los yog hlau (zinc, magnesium, poov hlau, manganese, titanium, thiab hais txog. D.). Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj, pob zeb ntais haum yooj yim mus siv cuag rau extraction ntawm muaj scale: nws yog nyob rau hauv feem ntau hom ores thiab minerals. Yog li ntawd, kev koom mined deposits yog txuas mus rau lub pheej yig tshaj qhov chaw ntawm lub zog tshaj rau lub hwv pawg ntawm teeb meem. Quartzites thiab quartz xuab zeb yog muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws. Feem ntau cov loj manufacturers thiab silicon lwm yog: Tuam Tshoj, Fabkis, Norway, United States (West Virginia, Ohio, Alabama, New York), Australia, South Africa, Canada, Brazil. Tag nrho cov manufacturers siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj kev, uas nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm cov khoom (technical, semiconductor, high-silicon). Tshuaj caij enriched ntxiv los yog hloov, kev dawb huv los ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm impurities muaj ib tug neeg thaj chaw ntawm uas yog nyob rau ntawm nws lub ntxiv siv. Qhov no kuj siv rau cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Silicon qauv lub sij lub Scope ntawm nws daim ntawv thov.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev siv

Heev feem ntau, vim hais tias ntawm kev zoo sib thooj ntawm cov npe ntawm cov neeg yuam kev silicon thiab tej zeb ntais, tab sis cov no lub tswv yim yog tsis zoo tib yam. Peb yeej meej. Raws li twb tau hais, nyob rau hauv qhov, silicon yog tsis pom nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv no, tsis tau hais tias hais txog nws kev sib txuas (tib yam silica). Lub ntsiab zaub mov thiab cov pob zeb tsim dioxide peb xaiv cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw - yog xuab zeb (dej thiab silica), quartz thiab quartzite, Feldspar thiab pob zeb uas tawv. Cov yav tas tau hnov yuav tsum muaj tag nrho, vim hais tias nws yog muab tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Nrog rau qhov no khi lub pob zeb cov cuab yeej los ntawm tib neeg thaum lub sij hawm lub pob zeb muaj hnub nyoog. Nws ntse hau uas ua los ntawm cov nti ntawm lub bedrock, zoo heev tswj lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub ancient housewives, thiab tau sharpening - neeg tua tsiaj thiab fishermen. Flint tsis muaj lub dag lub zog ntawm cov hlau cov khoom, tab sis lub ua tsis tau tejyam seev yuav yooj yim yuav hloov. Nws siv raws li ib tug pob zeb uas tawv ntawd kub ntev li ntau centuries - kom txog thaum lub invention ntawm lwm qhov chaw.

Nrog kev xav txog rau niaj hnub no tus tseeb, lub thaj chaw ntawm silicon ua rau nws ua tau rau kev siv cov khoom rau kho kom zoo nkauj los yog lub creation ntawm tej hub tableware, nrog, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau ib tug zoo zoo nkauj tsos, nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo heev haumxeeb qualities. Ib tug cais kev taw qhia ntawm nws daim ntawv thov vim lub invention ntawm cov iav txog 3000 xyoo dhau los. Qhov kev tshwm sim muab ib lub sij hawm los tsim tsom iav, tais diav, tsuas iav mosaic ntawm tebchaw uas muaj pob zeb ntais. Formula thawj zaug tshuaj supplemented tsim nyog Cheebtsam, uas cov khoom rau muab lub yam xim thiab cov nyhuv rau lub dag lub zog ntawm cov iav. Amazing kev zoo nkauj thiab ntau yam ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab twb tau los ntawm ib tug txiv neej los ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lub pob zeb uas muaj pob zeb ntais. Lub kho thaj chaw ntawm no lub caij tau piav los zaum ntawm antiquity thiab siv thoob plaws hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Lawv nteg lub qhov dej rau haus dej cia rau cov khoom uas siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Lub hmoov tau los ntawm sib tsoo tau thov mus rau cov qhov txhab. Kev mloog yog them rau cov dej uas insists nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub ua los ntawm tebchaw uas muaj pob zeb ntais. Tshuaj caij muaj pes tsawg leeg tham nrog nws, uas tus xov tooj puas pathogenic cov kab mob thiab kab mob. Thiab hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua lub sectors uas peb xav cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog heev, heev nyob rau hauv kev thov. silicon qauv ua nws multifunctionality.

zog

Yog xav paub ntxiv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog, noj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov tau zog. Plan caij silicon tshuaj yam ntxwv xws li lub zog, hluav taws xob tsis, txoj kev tshawb tebchaw thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tej yam kev mob, thiab kom lawv tso cai. G. Silicon nyob rau hauv lub crystalline daim ntawv muaj ib tug maub grey xim nrog ib tug metallic sheen. Lub ntsej muag-lub nyhav lattice ntawm tsa carbon (pob zeb diamond), tab sis vim yog tus loj dua ntev ntawm qhov cov kev mus yog tsis raws li muaj zog. Yas nws thaum tshav kub kub txog li 800 ^{° C,} nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg mob, nws tseem taus. Lub cev thaj chaw ntawm silicon ua rau nws tiag nws substance: nws yog pob tshab rau infrared tawg. Melting point - 1410 ⁰ C thiab cov kub - 2600 ⁰ C, tus ceev nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob - 2330 kg / m ^3. Thermal conductivity yog tsis tas li rau lub ntau yam kuaj tau txais nyob rau hauv ib tug approximate nqi ntawm 25 ⁰ C. Cov khoom ntawm lub pob zeb ntais atom cia nws siv raws li ib tug semiconductor. Tej ntaub ntawv sau npe yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv coob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lub magnitude ntawm conductivity influences nyob tus yeees ntawm pob zeb ntais thiab hais, yog nyob rau hauv nrog lawv. Yog li ntawd, rau enhanced hluav taws xob conductivity yog siv antimony, arsenic, phosphorus, rau perforated - txhuas, gallium, boron, indium. Thaum tsim pab kiag li lawm nrog silicon yog siv raws li ib daim ntawv qhia nto kev kho mob nrog rau cov neeg sawv cev, uas muaj feem xyuam rau lub lag luam ntawm lub apparatus.

Cov khoom ntawm pob zeb ntais li ib qho zoo heev neeg xyuas pib siv heev heev nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntsuas. Tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb nws siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua sophisticated khoom (e.g., niaj hnub xam pab kiag li lawm, computers).

Silicon: yam ntxwv tshuaj caij

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub pob zeb ntais yog tetravalent, tseem muaj kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv uas nws yuav muab teev cia rau ob tug. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob nws yog tsis zoo active, muaj muaj zog compound ntawm chav tsev kub yuav tsuas hnov mob nrog fluorine nyob rau hauv lub gaseous sau ua ib pawg xeev. Qhov no yog vim lub thaiv cov hlab cov nyhuv Dioxide nto zaj duab xis, uas yog pom nyob rau hauv kev sis raug zoo nrog cov ambient oxygen los yog dej. Yuav kom tsim kho lub tshua tsim nyog los siv ib catalyst: ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv kub yog zoo tagnrho rau ib yam khoom xws li silicon. Tshuaj caij reacts nrog cov pa ntawm 400-500 ⁰ C, uas ua Dioxide zaj duab xis nce, tus txheej txheem ntawm oxidation. Thaum lub kub yog tsa mus rau 50 ⁰ C cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog bromine, tshuaj chlorine ua, iodine, uas volatile tetrahalides tsim. Nrog acids silicon tsis hnov mob, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm hydrofluoric thiab nitric acid, thaum twg alkali nyob rau hauv ib tug rhuab lub xeev yog kuab. Silanes ua xwb los ntawm decomposition ntawm silicides nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog hydrogen tsis nkag mus rau nws. Qhov siab tshaj plaws zog thiab tshuaj tebchaw txawv passivity nrog boron thiab cov pa roj carbon. High kuj mus alkalis thiab acids, nrog ib tug compound ntawm nitrogen, uas tshwm sim nyob rau kub tshaj 1000 ⁰ C. Lub silicides yog tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog co, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog nyob rau hauv lub valency ntawm lub complementary caij, uas qhia tau hais tias pob zeb ntais. Formula tshuaj tsim nrog kev koom tes los ntawm ib txoj kev hloov hlau yog resistant rau acids. Tus qauv ntawm lub pob zeb ntais atom ncaj qha muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov khoom thiab cov kev muaj peev xwm koom tau nrog lwm cov ntsiab. Tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim ntawm bonds rau hauv qhov thiab thaum raug rau lub substance (nyob rau hauv lub laboratory, muaj ib puag ncig) raws ho. Silicon qauv assumes nws tshuaj ua si.

qauv

Lub Circuit Court qauv ntawm cov pob zeb ntais atom nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Tus nqi tub ntxhais 14, uas sib raug rau ib theem zuj zus tooj nyob rau hauv lub periodic system. Tus nab npawb ntawm them hais: protons - 14; electron - 14; neutrons - 14. Lub Circuit Court qauv ntawm silicon atoms yog lub nram qab no: Si +14) 2) 8) 4. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem (lwm) electron theem 4 uas yuav txiav txim rau hauv lub degree ntawm oxidation nrog tus kos npe rau "+" los yog "-". Silicon oxide muaj cov mis SiO ₂ (valence 4+), ib lub volatile hydrogen compound - SiH ₄ (valence ntawm -4). Loj npaum li cas ntawm silicon atoms tau nyob rau hauv ib co tebchaw muaj ib tug kev sib koom tes naj npawb ntawm cov 6, xws li ib tug compound nrog fluorine. Hniav puas loj - 28 atomic puag ncig - 132 ps, lub electron plhaub configuration: 1S 2s ^{2 2} 3S ^{2 6} 2P 3P ^2.

daim ntawv thov

Surfactants los yog siab doped silicon yog siv raws li lub semiconductor li creation ntawm ntau yam, xws li precision, pab kiag li lawm (e.g., solar hlwb, transistors, rectifier thiab t. D.). Ultrapure silicon yog siv los tsim hnub ci hlwb (zog). Hom ib siv lead ua yog siv rau cov siv thiab ua cov tsom iav thiab ib tug laser roj. Silicon tebchaw tau iav, tej hub pobzeb, tais diav ntim chaws, iav thiab earthenware. Qhov ntau hom ntawm cov khoom ua yog ib qhov nyuaj rau piav qhia txog, lawv exploitation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab science, nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Cov uas ua MAAs yog lub raw khoom rau tsim hmoov sib tov thiab cib finishing cov ntaub ntawv. Faib ntawm cov roj, lubricants raws li nyob rau hauv silicone tebchaw txo kev sib txhuam nyob rau hauv lub mus qhov chaw uas muaj ntau mechanisms. Silicides vim cim khoom nyob rau hauv txhoj puab heev xov xwm counter (acids, kub) lug siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Lawv hluav taws xob, nuclear thiab tshuaj ntsuas coj mus rau hauv tus account lub kws txawj nyob rau hauv txoj productions, plays tsis muaj me me hauj lwm thiab cov qauv ntawm cov pob zeb ntais atom.

Peb tau teev tseg rau hauv lub feem ntau high-tech thiab advanced rau hnub tim rau daim ntawv thov. Feem ntau, uas yog nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau Technical silicon yog siv nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev:

1. Raws li khoom raw rau zus tau tej cov ib tug dawb huv substance.
2. Rau alloying metallurgical kev lag luam: lub xub ntiag ntawm silicon tsub kom lub refractoriness, pab txoj kev xeb kuj thiab cov neeg kho tshuab zog (nrog rau ib qho dhau heev lawm ntawm no, lub alloy yuav ua ib yam nkaus thiab nkig).
3. Raws li ib tug deoxidizer kev tshem tawm cov tshaj oxygen los ntawm cov hlau.
4. Raw cov ntaub ntawv rau zus tau tej cov silanes (Si tebchaw nrog organic tshuaj).
5. Rau hydrogen zus tau tej cov pob zeb ntais-hlau hlau.
6. Qhuav ntawm solar panels.

Loj nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw thiab rau lub qub hauj lwm ntawm lub tib neeg kab. Silicon qauv, nws cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no decisive. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug surplus los yog tsis muaj nws leads mus rau loj kab mob.

Cov tib neeg lub cev

Tshuaj rau ib ntev lub sij hawm siv silicon raws li ib tug bactericidal thiab antiseptic. Tab sis rau tag nrho cov kev pab cuam ntawm sab nraum zoov siv no yuav tsum muab lossi tshiaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Lub theem ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus yuav txhim kho lub neej nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 70 ib txoj lw ntsiab thiab vitamins lawv metabolized los ntawm lub cev, uas yog ho qis kuj mus rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov siab tshaj plaws feem pua ntawm cov pob zeb ntais yog cai nyob rau hauv cov pob txha, daim tawv nqaij, tendons. Nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug yam ntxwv caij uas txhawb lub dag lub zog thiab muab elasticity. Tag nrho cov skeletal nyuaj cov ntaub so ntswg tsim nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm nws cov tebchaw. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tsis ntev los no kev tshawb fawb pom ib tug silicon cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub raum, pancreas thiab connective ntaub so ntswg. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov lub cev nyob rau hauv lub hauj lwm ntawm lub cev yog loj heev, yog li kom txhob muaj nws cov ntsiab lus yog dejnum tej yam nyob rau ntau lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm livelihood. Lub hnub nrog cov zaub mov thiab dej lub cev yuav tsum tau txais 1 gram ntawm silicon - qhov no yuav pab tsis txhob tau kab mob xws li mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, softening ntawm cov pob txha, tsim ntawm lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub siab, ob lub raum, qhov muag plooj tsis pom kev, cov plaub hau thiab ntsia thawv tej yam kev mob, atherosclerosis. Thaum ib tug txaus theem ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm no lub caij nce kev tiv thaiv, normalizes metabolism, pab txoj kev haum ntawm ntau yam tsim nyog rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Qhov loj tshaj plaws nqi ntawm silica - nyob rau hauv cereal cov qoob loo, radishes, buckwheat. Yuav coj tseem ceeb cov kev pab cuam rau silicon dej. Yuav kom txiav txim tus naj npawb thiab zaus ntawm txoj kev siv zoo tshaj plaws mus tham nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb.