Comprehensive tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem: piv txwv. Phau ntawv Analysis Plan: sau, title, style, thiab lub ntsiab

Lub xeev cov qauv ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv universities hom phiaj rau yav tom ntej cov xib fwb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau xws txheej txheem yuav tsum raug nplua. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej ntawm sciences uas kawm cov neeg kab lig kev cai los ntawm cov lus thiab kev sau ntawv ua hauj lwm, tsis tau ua tsis tau Philology, raws li tsuas yog nws muaj peev xwm pab tau raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm ntseeg cuav thaum ub tsis txawj txaus, thiab cov essence ntawm ob-khiav tus kws - ib tug Lavxias teb sab lus thiab ntaub ntawv. Philology nws tus kheej tau yug los nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm phau ntawv thiab rau hnub no yog ib tug hluas ceg ntawm kev txawj ntse txog lawv.

Analysis: ob cov lus qhia

Cov lus qhia yog haum yooj yim thiab xav txog phau ntawv nyob rau hauv sib txawv kiag li lub - kev sau ntawv thiab hom lus. Cov thawj cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj xyuas qhov ib hom ntawv nyeem koom ua hauj lwm, nws cov ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim, cov duab system, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tseem ntawm chronotope. Qhov thib ob tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev hais lus, nws artistic txhais tau tias, txoj kab (epithets, metaphors), hmoov tsis, feem ntau tsis muaj kev xav txog cov ntsiab lus thiab tsis muaj kev nkag siab txog lub zog tsuas yog raws li ib tug kho kom zoo nkauj, pab brighten tus sau hais lus. Txawm ntau coj txawv txawv looks tiered tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tub kawm ntawv thiab menyuam kawm ntawv, uas puas lub meej mom ntawm cov khoom thiab nws zoo nkauj xaav, thiab tag nrho cov artistic tua tuag cia li ib tug kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.

Piv txwv li: "Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam zoo suab, syntax thiab cov qauv ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov iambic pentameter, qhov twg txoj kev nyuaj siab ntog rau tag nrho cov ntawm cov 2nd, 4, 6 thiab 10 lub suab txhua tom qab lub plaub - ib tug ntshiab ntev mas." Cia li mus ntxiv: cov lo lus, phonetics, morphology, stylistic moments, syntax ... Thiab nws yog tag nrho hais txog qhov zoo thiab kov ub kov no zaj paj huam "Kuv hlub koj." Tias tus ntsuj plig tseem tom qab xws li ib tug saib xyuas, tsis yog ib tug ntsuj plig yuav loj hlob txias nyob rau hauv cov paj huam? Nws yog yog li ntawd tsim nyog los harmonious ua ke ntawm cov lus, kev sau ntawv thiab kev cai-keeb kwm uas yuav muaj kev tsom xam ntawm philological cov ntawv nyeem. QAUV txhais yuav tsum ua rau kev nkag siab, ua kom muaj ib tug tej yam tshwm sim. Ua ntej, nws puv sib sib zog nqus subjective tswv yim tom qab nyeem ntawv, ces tus transformation ntawm kev nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab thiab mus kom ze rau tus sau cov lus. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw uas cov real paub. Yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv iambic, kev txawj ntse yog tsis muaj zog, qhov no yog tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv vain mnogoumny kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm kom mus txog rau lub hom phaj - tsis muaj ntau.

Daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus

Dialectic inseparable kev sib sau ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawv nyeem, interdependent, thiab aesthetic conceptual ua neeg ncajncees ntawm kev tshawb xav yus philological tsom xam. Qhov tsom xam ntawm ib tug txawj ntawv nyeem yog tsiv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsim, materializing nws, pom. Nyob rau hauv lwm foundations, thiab kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum explicated los ntawm nws lub cev ua rau kev nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus. Tus thawj txoj kev yuav ua tau txaus ntshai seev suab cov ntsiab lus thiab ntau heev ntawm lub subjectivity, nested nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam, txij li thaum cov ntawv nyeem nrhiav kev paub ntawm nws tus kheej txoj kev fwv yees, thiab cov lus thiab nws cov cuab yeej yog pawg ua piv txwv ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias deb-fetched. Los ntawm daim ntawv mus rau cov ntsiab lus - ib tug ntau muaj kuab txoj kev. Epithets, metaphors thiab lwm yam kab yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsiv, yog vim li cas xaiv ib co lus, yuav ua li cas lawv muaj kev cob cog, uas yog nyiam qauv thiab grammatical cov ntaub ntawv, yuav ua li cas lub semantics tsom tus nyeem ntawv lub xim - thiab yuav ua li cas nws fits rau hauv lub hom phiaj. Yog li ntawd nws crystallized lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg sau, nws tus cwj pwm. Tsuas yog rau hauv daim ntawv muaj peev xwm hloov tus txheem ntawm lub essence. Pushkin lub "kuv hlub koj" yuav muab tso rau hauv ib tug txawv cov duab, thiab ces cov khawv koob yuav ploj.

Qhov no mus kom ze ho tsub kom lub lexical thiab semantic Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug txawj ntawv nyeem. Feem ntau nws yog suav tias yog rau tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv thooj: "Qhia kom meej cov kev kawm ntawm cov ntawv nyeem", "Nyob qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas cov ntawv nyeem tsim txoj kev?", "Qhov twg rau tus neeg sau lees txawv los ntawm cov general lus kev cai thiab yog vim li cas?" thiab thiaj li nyob. Thiab qhov no ua rau lub fact tias cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub yog torn, tawg lub hom phiaj kev muaj tiag, lub hauv paus cov ntaub ntawv uas, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv ib tug tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv-tob thiab ua kom tiav tsom xam tsis muab tus sau ntawv nyeem kom to taub. Tab sis, yog hais tias es tsis txhob "tau lub npe ntawm phau ntawv nyeem" hais kom lub ntsiab txhais ntawm semantic muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov txheej txheem yuav mus ib zaug xwb kwj, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Kev txiav txim ntawm lyrical ntxhais - ib tug heev kev sib tw, yog tias tsis coj mus rau tus account nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam, piv txwv li, cov paj huam nws tej nuances. Accents tsis ceev yog tias pom tau tias semantic chains uas tsim kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sib txuas nyob rau hauv uas ob leeg yuav tsum incremented lwm tshiab "underwater," lub ntsiab lus. Mloog mus rau lub semantics ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntxiv transparency, uas muaj txhawb mus rau qhov tob ntawm kev nkag siab.

Thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv

Rau tub kawm ntawv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tsom xam ntawm lub tswvyim yuav tsum tau formulated concisely, succinctly thiab mus rau lub point, tus tsom xam yuav tsum tau feem ntau muaj nuj nqis tswj to taub, nyob rau hauv ib tug kev txiav txim zoo - "kauj ruam yog kauj ruam". Nrog tej ntawv nyeem ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua competently, nws yog ib qho tswv yim zoo los yog journalistic ntawv nyeem. Tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov phau ntawv cia muaj dab niaj hnub tus txiv neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv: advertising rau ntawm txoj kev thiab nyob rau ib lub TV, mloog xov tooj cua, ntawv xov xwm, cov phau ntawv Magazine, cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntawv qhia, scientific phau ntawv thiab kos duab, txawm SMS los yog cov lus sau rau ntawm lub forums hauv Internet. Muaj tau ib tug influx ntawm cov ntaub ntawv phau ntawv ntawm kuj zoo kawg hwj chim, tab sis vim hais tias thawj ntawm tag nrho cov yuav tsum kawm rau xaiv los ntawm no hiav txwv tsuas yog tus zoo tshaj plaws, zoo nkauj thiab qab. Journalistic ntawv nyeem hnub no yog ib tug lossis loj feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws cov kev ntsuam xyuas yog yog li ntawd tseem ceeb heev.

Rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yog tsis tsuas cov kev txawj ntse thiab kev txiav txim ntawm daim ntawv no ntawm cov lus pab, tab sis ua ntej ntawm tag nrho - lub aesthetic nqi ntawm phau ntawv no. Ua li no nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm feem ntau classic designs, ua ib lub hom phiaj ntawm phau ntawv tsom xam, qhia thiab piav qhia txog lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub imagery, thiab ces ua xws li ib tug ntawv nyeem ntawm nws tus kheej - by analogy, yog li pom cov lus, kev kawm yeej sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog luaj qhov yuav tsum tau mus kawm phonetics, cov qauv sau ntawv, morphemics thiab tag nrho lwm cov ceg ntawm cov lus science rau lub peev xwm los qhia lawv cov kev xav thiab to taub lwm. Ua hauj lwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm yog ua nyob rau hauv ua sawv, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm txhua seem ntawm lub xeem yog ua muaj tswv yim sau ntawv los yog ib qhov. Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv no txoj kev - mus pab cov tub ntxhais kawm nrhiav cov kev tshawb fawb txoj kev, rau li cas lub hom phiaj thiab tshwj xeeb cov hom kev kawm rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Muaj tuaj ib lub tej quav - siab - daim ntawv kev sib txuas lus, cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm mloog, los formulate cov lus nug thiab teb cov lus kom meej meej.

Yuav ua li cas npaj text tsom xam

Phau ntawv nyob rau hauv tus tsom xam yog suav tias yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntau ntau, lawv txiav txim tej zaum yuav txawv heev dawb do thiab nug tus specifics ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nws yog tsim nyog los next lub yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, hom ntawm kev hais lus thiab nws cov yeej. Rau nws yog npaj siab mus thawj txiav txim raws li nram no tsis.

• Ntaus cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tus hais lus.
• Muaj pes tsawg leeg, cim tias seb thaum lub xov tooj ntawm semantic chav nyob thiab microtia nyob rau hauv lawv.
• Xwm ntawm qhov link nyob rau hauv lub text - txuas mus tib seem los yog tej saw.
• Yuav ua li cas txhais tau tias communicates qauv sau ntawv thiab paub cov ntsiab lus.
• Style hais lus text - journalistic, nrov scientific, official ua lag ua luam, kos duab, kev sib tham, enjoyed los ntawm tus sau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem li cas thiab lub hom lus txhais tau hais tias yog muab los ntawm nws kev sib sau.
• Lub tswv yim yooj yim (lub tswv yim ntawm) cov ntawv nyeem.

Stylistic thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem nta

Kev text txawv los ntawm lwm yam kev nthuav qhia logic, generalized, ib tug paub daws teeb, yog txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nthuav qhia logic. Ib me ntsis txawv los ntawm nws nrov science ntawv nyeem. Ib qho piv txwv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv tej kev phau ntawv journal, qhov no los yog hais tias lub tswv yim los yog foundations kev mus rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv, uas txhais tau tias cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum tau nthuav thiab yooj yim rau kev xaav. Thiab ntawm no nws yog ua hauj lwm nrog cov scientific los yog journalistic los yog artistic style. Journalistic tib yam - muaj, mob siab rau, hu, lub siab lub ntsws, otsenochen, dluab, thiab cov zajlus kom. Artistic ntawv nyeem raws siab imagery thiab nws kim heev kev siv cov lus txhais tau tias - duab thiab qhia. Qhov xwm ntawm official-ua lag ua luam ntawv nyeem yog tsis tus kheej, tsim, prescriptive, nrog lub caij nyoog hais, caag, stereotypical ua. Nes mas hais ntawv nyeem qhia tau hais tias ib tug kev thiab so, rov qab ua dua lub qhov ncauj hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog unprepared hais lus.

Science ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv thiab phau ntawv, encyclopedias, dictionaries, monographs, theses. Ob yam nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej koom lub nrov science ntawv nyeem, ib qho piv txwv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv tej magazine mob siab rau qhov chaw, technology, thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuab. Los ntawm precision thiab logic ntawm scientific kev nthuav qhia nrog yog feem ntau polemical nws VR thiab imagery. Journalistic ntawv nyeem yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev sau ntawv, uas seb puas tsimnyog tau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov kev sib raug tseem ceeb thiab kev tsom xam ntawm txoj kev los daws kom tau qhov teeb meem no, nws yog ib tug portrait sketch, uas qhia hais tias ib tug kev tus neeg, mus ncig teb chaws zaj dab neeg nrog sketches ntawm qhov, lub neej thiab mus ncig teb chaws yaam puab paub, nws yuav ua tau ib tug ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm los yog tsab xov xwm. Artistic ntawv nyeem yog hais nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm lwm yam - lyric zaj paj huam, ib zaj dab neeg, ib tug zaj lus piv txwv, tej zaum nws yuav tsum yog ib tug fragment ntawm ib tug tshiab los yog ib zaj dab neeg. Official ua lag ua luam ntawv nyeem peb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv daim ntaub ntawv, memos thiab explanatory sau ntawv, autobiographies, powers ntawm tus kws lij choj, tshaj tawm. Hauv qab no peb yuav qhia nyob rau hauv kom meej qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm cov yeej.

Txhais tau tias kev qhia style

Nyob rau hauv ib tug scientific ntawv nyeem, tus yam ntxwv feature ntawm cov style yog cov nram qab no yam: cov lus yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug kev txiav txim zoo, lawv yog nruab nrab, ntau, general scientific (raws li ib tug analogy, nthuav dav, lub zog, thiab lwm yam ...), Feem ntau pheej rov qab ua keywords ntawv nyeem, zoo li tus cuab yeej yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Journalistic text - yog feem ntau ib tug kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv ntsiab lus, uas nruab nrab yog cov tswvyim ntawm morality, tshuaj, kev ncajncees, psychology, economics thiab thiaj li nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv journalism abound txhais tau tias feem xyuam rau txoj tib neeg tus cwj pwm txawv - syntactic parallels epithets, kev sib piv, lexical repetition, gradation, sayings thiab paj lug, txawj quotes, lom zem, satire, irony, thiab hais txog.

Literary phau ntawv sau los ntawm high poetic style. Muaj prevails ib phau ntawv ntsiab lus, qhov twg tsis tau tsuas yog cov nuj nqis ntawm kev hais lus siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, kos duab style imbues nws vernacular, suab hais lus, kev thiab cov kev coj ua borrowed los ntawm journalistic style synonymous Paronyms, txhais ntxeev, staroslavyanizmy thiab archaisms, neologisms. Official ua lag ua luam style yog tus txheem turnover, tshwj xeeb terminology, collocations nrog cov tsis muaj kev xav cov ntsiab lus.

kev paub qhia lo morphology txhais tau tias

Nyob rau hauv scientific style predominate npe feem ntau neuter (kev kawm ntawv, vaj tse), hais lus npe thiab verbs yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm generalized los yog distracted (qhov teeb meem yog hais tias ua rau yus ib qho denominator, thiab cov zoo li), ib tug yawm lug siv hauv daim ntawv ntawm zoo tag nrho yuav hom verbs yog tsis siv tsis meej xwm lus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, tab sis ib tug ntau ntawm lwm tus neeg tej lus hais. Lub journalistic text muaj ntau verbs imperative thiab rov qab los, feem ntau siv noun nyob rau hauv lub genitive li cov inconsistent txhais cov ntsiab lus (uas tsis yog-CIS lub teb chaws, lub suab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab hais txog).

Artistic ntawv nyeem raws saturation verbs rau cov kev siv thiab dynamism ntawm kev txiav txim, siv Verbless, uas tsis yog-tus kheej thiab timeless cim muab lub xub ntiag ntawm infinitives, ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm sacraments rau zoo li tus yam hauj lwm thiab nws cov nta nyob rau hauv lub muaj zog ntawm tus neeg mob pawg yog siv lug txhim khu cov kev qhia (nrog rau ablative - picturesque, xws li hu nkauj Nightingale) siv luv luv adjectives, indefinite hais lo lus mus rau ib tug nyob deb kev tshwm sim, thiab tus kheej thiab possessive rau cov kis thrill vannosti los yog lub siab dawb paug. Official-ua lag ua luam style siv ntau hom kev kawm rau lub tsev ntawv. Nws tsis pub ntaub ntawv ntawm cov verbs thiab koj tus kheej tej lus ntawm cov thawj thiab thib ob, thiab lwm tus neeg lawv suab nyob rau hauv lub undefined nqi. Collective npe siv nyob rau hauv cov lis dej num thiab kev cai li choj nteg imperfective verbs, thiab nyob rau hauv cov feeb - tag nrho.

Txhais tau tias kev qhia syntax

Nyob rau hauv ib tug scientific ntawv nyeem, lo lus txiav txim yog kev ncaj, ib tug ntau ntawm tsis zoo li neeg cov kab lus thiab vaguely-tus kheej, ib tug ntau ntawm complex ua ke, feem ntau siv lus txhais me me thiab participial kab lus, cov lus yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub genitive cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau ib tus ntxiv tus. Nyob rau hauv lub journalistic ntawv nyeem yog feem ntau txuam ib semantic xov pib thiab thaum xaus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, siv homogeneous lus, introductory lus thiab kab lus muab kev koom tes thiab hais lus tej txhais me me nqe lus, feem ntau complex ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd txhais tau tias ib tug ntau ntawm no thiab cov title ntawv nyeem.

Official-ua lag ua luam style ntawm cov ntawv nyeem muab cov uniqueness vim nyuab yooj yim ua ke nrog cov cais koj lem thiab homogeneous neeg. Ib tug txawj nyeem tej muaj proposals thiab interrogative thiab exclamatory, thiab piav qhia txog, lawv yuav ua tau kom tiav thiab tsis tiav, ib-daim thiab multi-piece. Ntawm no tag txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev paub qhia lo.

Analysis Artwork

Qhov tsom xam yog zoo tshaj plaws ua nyob rau hauv ib tug meej kev npaj siab qhia cov neeg sau txoj lus cog tseg ntawm nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm.

• Pib heev nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm creation.
• Raws txoj kev coj cov lus qhia hais txog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov ntxhais thiab cov tswv yim. Ntawm no koj yuav pib rau kev tsom xam cov teeb meem.
• Tom ntej no yog ib cuab ntxhiab kev tsim kho thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg.
• Ib hom ntawv nyeem koom.
• Heroes - loj thiab me, lawv lub ntsiab lub luag hauj lwm.
• Nta cov lus: vocabulary, phonetics, morphology, syntax.
• Nrig txog kev pom cov cuab yeej thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev hais lus, lawv lub luag hauj lwm thiab txoj kev ntawm daim ntawv thov.
• Loj, atherosclerosis thiab strofika yog hais tias qhov zaj paj huam.
• Ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tag nrho thiab nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.
• Yuav Tsum qhov ntsuas tus kheej.

Act rau lub hom phiaj - txoj kev txiav txim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus lub hom phiaj - los qhia cov menyuam kawm ntawv nkag siab txog cov kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv nws cov aesthetic, semantic thiab kev ncaj ncees kev sib sau.

Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm qib siab

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv-philologists zoo rau lug, thiab yog li ntawd muab nyeem tsom xam rau lawv yog tsis muaj teeb meem. Nws yog yooj yim dua mus ua ib tug lus saib los pab npaj kev tsom xam ntawm Philology. Cov khoom ntawm tsom xam linguists tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav txawj ntawv, lawv yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv tej hom ntawv nyeem thiab yeej. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub hom lus tsom xam uas tsis yog-ntawv tseeb phau ntawv thiab yog cov ntau lwm yam, txoj kev tshawb no yog cov lus uas lub koom haum, vim hais tias nws yog ib daim ntawv uas qhia thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm saib yog tag nrho cov ntau ntau ntawm cov lus txhais tau hais tias - thiab syntactic thiab morphological, thiab lexical thiab phonetic.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus menyuam kawm ntawv mloog yuav tsum tsom feem nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws saib xyuas nyob rau hauv ib tug pragmatic thiab semantically txhais tau tias cov lus, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lexical - tus thawj hauv paus ntsiab lus, vim lo lus nyob rau hauv tej ntawv nyeem yog muab ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv deploying semantic lub ntsiab lus. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog me ntsis txog cov lub ywj siab ce ntawm lus tsom xam, paub hais tias koj yuav tsum tau teb sequentially feem ntau rau cov lus nug nram qab.

• Yuav ua li cas no, dab tsi yog nws lub ntsiab?
• Puas qhov teeb meem nyiag nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, nws yog ib tug los yog ob peb ntawm lawv? List.
• Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus sau daws cov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas nws teb rau cov lus nug, yog dab tsi nws txoj hauj lwm?
• Yuav ua li cas stylistic thiab lus hom kev kawm uas siv los ntawm tus neeg sau qhia nws tus kheej txoj hauj lwm thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm sawv teeb meem?
• Yuav ua li cas yog tus menyuam kawm ntawv tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej nyiag qhov teeb meem ntawm tus neeg sau, seb tus txoj hauj lwm yog sib txawv los ntawm tus sau?

lus txhais tau tias

Analyzed ntawv yuav muaj tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov cuab yeej kawm, xws li lexical, morphological, syntactic, phonetic, thiab daim ntawv mus rau. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab nws yog tsim nyog los piav ntau zog ntxiv.

• Lexical txhais tau tias: cov kev siv ntawm txhais thiab txhais ntxeev, contextual lus nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab, phraseology, luj lug dawb lias paub cov ntsiab lus - pictorially los yog kev xav stylistically dawb lias paub cov ntsiab lus - siab, tsis tshua muaj, los yog cov phau ntawv, conversational, Slavonicisms, archaisms thiab cov zoo li. Ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog los hais cov muaj cov tropes - epithets, kev sib piv, metaphors, metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole, litotes, avatars, ironically, vim hais tias txhua txoj kev nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej ua hauj lwm thiab lawv cov luag hauj lwm yog enormous.
• Lub phonetics ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - yog tus alliteration thiab assonance (repetition ntawm niam thiab consonants).
• Nyob rau hauv lub morphology ntawm lawv cov nyiaj, uas yog heev heev thiab tsis tau yuav ib tug ua tiav enumeration. Piv txwv li, lub nplua mais ntawm verbs los yog gerunds muab puab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, tab sis, yog hais tias ib tug ntau ntawm adjectives, nyeem ntawv atherosclerosis slows cia kom meej meej, kom ruaj nrees hais thiab interjections muab cov ntawv nyeem ib tug zoo kawg siab ntsws xav thiab thiaj li nyob.
• Syntax thiab syntactic nuj nqis - ib tug loj heev teb rau cov kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev qhia. Qhov no kab lus qauv, thiab loj. Raws li cov qauv muaj distinguished yooj yooj yim thiab complex, nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm me neeg, raws li lawv muaj nuj nqi thiab thiaj li nyob. Syntactic nuj nqis tej zaum yuav tshwm sim raws li nram no: repetition los yog tseem ceeb nyob rau ib tug thiab tib lo lus, epiphora thiab anaphora, syntactic parallels pob qij txha - lo lus los yog qhia rau hauv tib lub qhov kawg ntawm cov lus thaum pib ntawm qab-up, rov qab prepositions thiab conjunctions raws li ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus thiab rov qab ua tag nrho syntax raws li ib tug tshaj plaws , kawm tiav - strengthening los yog weakening ntawm ib tug txiav txim zoo los yog lub siab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txhob txwm grouping ntawm cov lo lus los yog tag nrho lug, inversion - ib tug txawv txawv lo lus txiav txim, lub antithesis - ib tug ntse zoo ntawm yavl Nij los yog tswv yim, ib tug rhetorical lo lus nug los yog exclamation - tsis tau ib lo lus teb, tab sis ib tug tig intensifies.

afterword

Ntsuam xyuas cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv tus, tsuas yog teb ob lo lus nug: "Dab tsi?" thiab "Yuav ua li cas?", qhov twg tus thawj - qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ib qhov teeb meem ntawm ib yam khoom nrog tag nrho nws cov teeb meem, tab sis nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov zajlus thiab cov keeb kwm cov ntsiab lus teb. Tab sis lub thib ob qhov teeb meem no twb tag nrho cov kos duab system, nws yog akin rau ib tug organic artistic ntiaj teb no, tag nrho cov qhov chaw uas nyob ntawm lub tag nrho thiab txais tau lub dag lub zog los ntawm tib lub qhov chaw.

Sib sib zog nqus ywj siab tsom xam ntawm kev sau ntawv phau ntawv yog pom raws li ib tug kos npe rau system, los ntawm cov uas tsim lawv tus kheej txhais lus thiab kev tiag tiag kev lom zem ntawm xaav thiab txoj kev pom, uas pab rau tsim lub artistic cov ntawv nyeem. Cais lo lus tswv exciting kev ua si, thiab vim hais tias nws yog yooj yim npaum li mus qhia yau cov tub ntxhais kawm, uas tsis tau nres ua si kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej.