Shukhov ntauwd nyob hauv Moscow, chaw nyob, qhov siab, yees duab

Tsis yog txhua tus paub hais tias muaj ib tug kwv xws li Shukhov Ntauwd, ua tau yog hais txog cov kev xav ntawm niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab capital.

Qhov no high-sawv lub tsev yuav pom los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog, thiab nrog nws cov sab saum toj muaj amazing views ntawm Moscow.

piav

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Shukhov ntauwd nyob hauv Moscow muaj ob peb lub npe. Nyob rau hauv lub vos, feem ntau kev voj voog nws yog hu ua Shukhov xov tooj cua pej thuam, tv ntauwd Shukhov los yog Shabolovskaya tv ntauwd.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no txoj kev hyperboloid qauv nruab nrog txhawb steel plhaub, ua rau ib tug tshwj xeeb project tsim los ntawm Academician V. G. Shuhovym. Grandiose siv ntawd kub ntev li ob xyoos, los ntawm 1920 mus rau xyoo 1922 ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws tau hauj lwm qauv muaj los ntawm lub Ministry ntawm Communications. Tam sim no, txij li thaum xyoo 2001, Shukhov ntauwd yog nyob rau pov tseg ntawm lub FSUE "RTRS".

Rau hnub tim, nws tsis yog siv rau cov npaj lub hom phiaj thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug kev tso kawm rau cellular transmitters.

Yuav ua li cas tau mus rau lub sights ntawm lub nroog?

Shukhov ntauwd, cov duab uas xav paub ntxiv thiab xav paub ntau tshwm sim nyob rau cov phau ntawv Magazine thiab ntawv siab mus rau lub chaw nthuav ntawm Lavxias teb sab capital, yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Shabolovka.

Tau poob nyob rau hauv lub mas tourists cia li yuav tsis ua hauj lwm, vim hais tias cov kwv yog tsuas mus nrhiav tau. Ua li no yuav tsum tau mus rau lub "Shabolovskaya" metro thiab taug kev txog 300 meters.

Nyob rau hauv huab, koj muaj peev xwm nug, qhov twg yog qhov Shukhov Ntauwd, los ntawm passers-by los yog cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, thiab lawv yog cov zoo siab mus siv lawv lo lus uas peb.

yam ntxwv nta

Los ntawm ib tug kev taw tes ntawm view ntawm lub Shukhov Ntauwd muaj cais seem, txhua tus uas ua hauj lwm sau ua ke rau hauv av, thiab ces nce mus rau lub sab saum toj winches. Tom qab ntawd, thaum ib tug qhov siab ntawm ib feem ntawm cov qauv kev cob cog rua ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog rivets.

Raws li cov thawj tsim qhov siab Shukhov ntauwd twb yuav tsum tau heev impressive, hais txog 350 m. Txawm li cas los, muaj tej yam tau yuam kom redraw lub hom phiaj xeeb. Lub teb chaws tej catastrophic shortage ntawm cov hlau, li ntawd, 160 m - yog lub siab tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntev.

Ib nyuag Keeb kwm ntawm lub Shukhov Ntauwd

Nyob rau hauv 1919, thaum tsov ua rog yog tsim kev puas tsuaj rau lub Soviet Union, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej qhov thiab txhim khu kev qha kev sib txuas lus ntawm Moscow thiab cov tuaj txog pem ntwg ntawm lub koom pheej thiab ob peb Western lub xeev, V. I. Lenin kos npe rau ib tsab cai rau qhov kev siv ntawm urgently xov tooj cua pej thuam.

By lub sij hawm no, Shukhov twb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ob peb zoo sib xws tej yaam num. Nws tau txiav txim siab tias lub hauv paus rau yav tom ntej hauj marvel (thaum lub sij hawm, ntawm chav kawm) yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj no xyov tsim.

Shukhov pej thuam nyob rau Shabolovka yog mus tshaj lub ntiaj teb no-nrov Eiffel. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog peb lub sij hawm sib zog tshaj ib tug Fabkis txoj kev tsim :. 2200 tons tiv thaiv 7300 tons Txawm li cas los, economic cev qhuav dej yog tsis tau tso cai kom paub ib tug npau suav tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv Union thaum, raws li twb tau hais, Corporate steel, txawm li cas los, conferred, peb tsis rau tus pej thuam qhov siab ntawm 150 m.

Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1919 lub Shukhov Ntauwd, uas nws qhov chaw nyob yog heev hu ua Muscovites thiab qhua ntawm lub capital, tau pom nws lub hauv paus.

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias peb tes num Shukhov yog zoo meej rau ib lub teb chaws ravaged los ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab kiv puag ncig. Ntauwd tsim tau xav mus rau lub me tshaj kom meej, tab sis tseem heev unpretentious. Simplicity thiab practicality yog cia yuav muaj nyob rau hauv txhua yam, thiab tag nrho cov qhov chaw tsis yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim thiab yog, yeej, rivets thiab profiles.

Dua li no, lub Shukhov ntauwd nyob hauv Moscow (yees duab ntawm cov sij hawm yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub tsev ceev teej tug ntawm lub nroog) tsis yog ua raws li sai raws li peb xav. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm tsis yws hlo li hais tias cov boards thiab planks tuaj yeej ib txwm nrog zoo ncua sij hawm, thiab cov hlau thiab sawv tawm heev reluctantly.

Sau V. G. Shuhov twb tus kheej muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, uas tau tsav los ntawm tsev, hauj lwm ua ke xa tuaj ntawm lub tsev ntaub ntawv, kom rations thiab tej zaum kuj cia nrog lub sib ntaus sib tua nrhiav raws sij hawm cov nyiaj hli rau neeg ua hauj lwm.

Yuav kom ntxiv txo tus nqi ntawm lub rooj sib txoos chaw, kes duab lub vajtse tuaj mus txog rau sau seem qhov siab ntawm 25 m thiab weighing mus txog rau 300 phaus rau hauv av, thiab ces tus cable thiab winch rau txhawb nqa tau lawv. Nws yog tus tam sim no nyob rau txhua txhua sawv. Thiab maj cov Shukhov ntauwd nyob hauv Moscow pib coj zoo lawm.

Shukhov, txawm cov teeb meem ntawm ib tug tus kheej xwm, mob siab nws tus kheej rau cov kev siv. Nyob rau hauv lig lub caij ntuj sov 1919 txoj kev tuag ntawm nws tus tub, nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1920 - leej niam. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj ntawm 1921 tshwm sim rau tom ntej no poob siab: thaum lifting hauv tshooj plaub, peb tsoo. Torn ib tug ntawm cov cables, thiab hauv tshooj plaub yog tsis, ua kom ib tug thawj ob constituting lub hauv paus ntawm lub pej thuam. Cov neeg raug, qhov zoo ces, muaj kev tswj kev khiav, tab sis nyob rau Shukhov los ntawm hais tias hnub pib lub interrogation, mus sib hais thiab nyiaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws twb muab tsub lub thiaj li hu ua "zwj ceeb txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv", uas yuav ua heev tiag tiag yog hais tias tus pej thuam yog tsis tau tiav los ntawm lub sijhawm.

Shukhov Ntauwd paub rau peb, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas yuav suav hais tias ntau tshaj li ib phau ntawv uas tsim tau rau architectural faculties, raws li zoo raws li mus ncig teb chaws ntawv muaj nplooj siab rau Moscow, nws pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1923.

Cov neeg ntawm cov laus tiam yuav nco ntsoov tias rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug "hu card" ntawm TV thoob plaws lub USSR. Mus sib hais broadcasting nrog tus kwv twb xub muaj nyob rau hauv 1937, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1939, twb muaj kev broadcasts.

Tus tsim tau maj poob nws tseem ceeb. Decisive luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ua si qhib nyob rau hauv 1967 los ntawm ntau niaj hnub thiab haib Ostankino pej thuam.

Yuav ua li cas yog tus pej thuam hnub no

Tsis tau Shukhov pej thuam nyob rau Shabolovka tau ua si ib yam tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Russians. Yuav ua li cas? Qhov tseeb yog hais tias tom qab ib tug hluav taws nyob rau lub Ostankino TV ntauwd nyob rau hauv 2000 thiab ib nrab xyoo nws yog ib qhov khoom txhawb broadcasting ntsiab raws.

Rau hnub tim, lub architects ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj li nws cim thiab koj masterpiece ntawm engineering.

Ntiaj teb lub koob meej thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswv yim chaw hu ua Shukhov ntauwd, cov duab uas yuav suav hais tias nyob rau hauv zoo meej, yog ntxiv paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm khoom plig los ntawm ntau yam miv. Nws qauv yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov tseem ceeb nyob sab Europe miv ntawm tsis ntev los no xyoo.

Piv txwv li, lub xov tooj cua pej thuam duab yog siv raws li ib tug logo nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau Center Pompidou, lub exhibition "Engineering Art". Thiab nyob rau hauv 2003 nyob rau hauv Munich, nyob rau cov kev tshwm sim hu ua "Top tsim thiab kev siv ntawm architecture ntawm lub XX xyoo pua", qhov chiv keeb ntsia ib gilded ntauwd Shukhov 6m siab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam phau ntawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm architecture nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, cov qauv no yog piav nyob rau hauv kom meej.

Nyob rau hauv 2006, thaum ib tug scientific lub rooj sib tham rau ib tug planetary teev "Preservation ntawm architecture ntawm lub XX xyoo pua", uas twb tau mus kawm los ntawm 170 cov kws txawj los ntawm 30 lub teb chaws, Shukhov Ntauwd twb paub los ntawm Lavxias teb sab architectural masterpiece thiab lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lub site rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom "active pej xeem" Shukhov Ntauwd yog tam sim no muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev, pom zoo rau Cov menyuamuas nyob rau hauv lub UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site, tab sis nkag tau mus rau nws yog kaw.

Ua hauj lwm nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XXI

British kes duab vajtse N. Foster nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 2010, sau tau ib tsab ntawv nrog ib thov kiag sis tus pej thuam mus rau nws cov thawj mob, xam rau lub fact tias nws yog nyob rau hauv ruins thiab rhuav tshem.

Rau hnub tim, lub architects npaj ob peb xaiv rau rov qab los ntawm tus kwv. Ib tug ntawm lawv muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm nws los tsim (nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub Eiffel Tower), ib tug ua si hauv cheeb tsam. Muaj yuav tsum mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub lag luam, tsev khaws puav pheej thiab kev cai complex.

Nyob rau hauv 2011, Putin kom thaum lub sij hawm 2011-2013 faib los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag ntawm lub Federation 135 lab rubles. rau tus tsim thiab txua dua ntawm tus kwv.

Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 2012, cov ntauwd twb soj ntsuam los ntawm ib tug unmanned nyoob hoom qav taub. Nrog nws tsim ib tug peb-dimensional qauv ntawm lub Moscow sights coated nrog ib tug distortion uas tau tshwm sim txij li thaum.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ib tug kev sib tw rau lub franchise daim ntawv cog lus, tswj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau lub reconstruction ntawm lub pej thuam yeej lub tuam txhab "Zoo thiab kev cia siab", uas yog ntau tshaj li kaum thiab ib tug ib nrab lab rubles tau tsim lub ntiaj teb no reconstruction project.

Fund Manager "Shukhov Ntauwd" thiab cov poj-tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus ci ntsa iab engineer hais tias lub project no yog tsim nyog 2 lab euros them los ntawm txawv teb chaws tsev uas nrog architecture, engineering thiab physics.

qhov yuav tsum tau rau restoration

Rau tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm lub lag luam engineering kev tsim kho tsis capitally kho tsis tau. Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1992, nws pom tias qhov yuav tsum tau rau ceev kho vaj tse. Fund "Shukhov Ntauwd" twb pom tias ob peb xaiv rau refurbishment ntawm no cim qauv.

Lub tswv yim yooj yim yog hais tias lub kaw tsam, uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub pej thuam, yuav ua rau neeg mus ncig tebchaws, mus tsim chaw ua si, pas dej, tsev ceev teej tug thiab kev hais kwv txhiaj nrog.

Nws kuj npaj yuav mus kawm tej lub tsim rau ntawm ib lub qab no:

• Gorky Park ;
• ENEA;
• Koog tsev kawm ntawv Kaluga outpost.

Tiv thaiv hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm ib tug ntau, nrog rau cov tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov chaw resource "active pej xeem". "Shukhov Ntauwd yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv nws cov historic qhov chaw, txwv tsis pub nws yuav rhuav tshem lub ntiaj teb no tsuas yog ib masterpiece," - lawv hais tias.

Npaj mus rau cov hloov: cov nqe lus "rau" thiab "tawm tsam"

Nyob rau hauv 2014, lub Ministry ntawm Communications thiab pawg Media qhia tias tus pej thuam yog tau tsiv ntawm pre-thaum muaj xwm ceev mob nyob rau hauv lub serial kev puas tsuaj.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsoom fwv tau npaj siab mus lauj tag nrho kwv thiab restore nws nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw.

Tab sis tiv thaiv qhov kev hloov thiab lub tsom xam ntawm lub architectural cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub teb chaws ua tam sim ntawd 38 leading thoob ntiaj teb cov kws txawj thiab architects, raws li zoo raws li nyob ntawm lub cheeb tsam Shabolovka.

Nyob rau hauv pej xeem siab, tsoom fwv txiav txim siab tsis mus muab rho tus pej thuam thiab pom zoo mus rau lub Ministry ntawm Communications ntawm lawv tus kheej nyiaj them rau noj thaum muaj xwm ceev teb ntsuas kom tiv thaiv cov khoom.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub Foundation "Shukhov Ntauwd"?

Lub taub hau ntawm lub tib lub fund ua hauj lwm pab great-tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus naas ej engineer - Vladimir Fedorovich Shukhov. Nws tam sim no muaj ib tug kev reconstruction ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev nyob ze ntawm lub pej thuam. Raws li European kev refurbishment cim architectural lug yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw hauv cheeb tsam sib nug xov infrastructure thiab xyuas kom meej kom zoo noj nrig txog kev pom cov kwv. Yog li, nws yog ua tau rau nyiam tseem ceeb peev.

Fund "Shukhov Ntauwd" stands rau cov creation ntawm cov lug ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub thawj chaw ntawm science, kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai, uas yuav muaj xws li ib tug tsev cia puav pheej V. G. Shuhova, ib lub lag luam chaw, thiab ib co ntawm cov pej xeem tsev.

Lub koom haum ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb yog saib rau ob tsev thiab tuam txhab uas muag, thiab ua engineers, architects thiab cov kws txawj.

Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog tus pej thuam

Shuhovskaya - nws yog ua tau cim hyperboloid qauv ua los ntawm txoj kev ua ib pab txhawb nqa hlau mesh cover. Tam sim no, cov ntauwd yog paub los ntawm cov kws txawj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog ib lub ci ntsa iab tshaj achievements ntawm engineering.

Nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb metallosetchatuyu elegant tsim accomplishes tsawg heev tej yam uas cov cua, cov sawv cev yooj yim lug rau kis. Lub steel siv yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho yooj yim thiab durability.

Lub tapered round ntauwd tsev nyob 25 yog muaj li ntawm rau 'meter' khej, lub hauv qab ntawm uas yog muab tso rau ib tug tshwj xeeb qhob foundation tob ntawm peb meters. Ntawm tus pej thuam yog fastened nrog rivets. Pej thuam ua tsis cranes, uas yuav tsum tau tsuas yog ib hauj lwm ua ke los ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm saum toj kawg nkaus.

Ua ntej tsov rog, kev tsim kho coj txawv tshaj plaw soj ntsuam: mail dav hlau thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau ntes tau cov cable txhawb yees. Lub tsheb yuav luag tawg lawm rau tej daim, thiab tus pej thuam cia li ib tug me ntsis shaken, tab sis, qhov zoo ces, sawv ntsug.

Nws yog heev nthuav tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tus thawj heev nyob tawm, thaum lub presenters twb tsis tau tso cai rau kom txawm lub slightest yuam kev, lawv tuaj mus nrog cov ritual ntawm "koob hmoov": tus tswv yim ntawm cov kev vam meej huab cua bypass nyob ib ncig ntawm tus pej thuam thiab kov nws nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub joists.

zoo xyuas

Pej thuam yog undoubtedly ib lub cim ntawm Moscow. Tourists uas muaj lub sij hawm los saib no nto moo, peb-loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Moscow ntauwd, xam tau tias yog nws ib tug zoo kawg qauv, thawj thiab zoo nkauj heev kwv, ib tug tiag tiag cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Russia.

Lawv cam tias nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, thiab nyob rau hauv kom meej huab cua nws, towering tshaj lub nroog qhob zoov nuj txeeg, no mas, zoo kawg li.

Cov neeg cia siab tias tus pej thuam yuav nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab yuav tsum thaum kawg rov qab los.

Tw muaj tus kwv

Tu siab, muaj. Ntawm UFW ntawm cov demolition khoom hais rau qhov tseeb hais tias thaum nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no lub xeev, cov ntauwd spoils cov tsos ntawm cov neeg zej zog.

Xaus ib: Shukhov tas yuav los, thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj li yuav tsum sai li sai tau.