Sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, nws tseem ceeb nta thiab cov neeg sawv cev

Lub sij hawm "sentimentalism" (rhiab heev) nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm kev xav no yog hu ua sib zog rau kev xav underpinnings ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub neej. Sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug tag nrho tiam ntawm ob Western thiab Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm cov lo lus, txawm lub fact tias lub era ntawm nws ntawd kub ntev li ib tug raug luv luv lub sij hawm - los ntawm thaum ntxov 18th rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. Lub birthplace ntawm kev sau ntawv ib hom ntawv nyeem yog lub tebchaws United Kingdom. Nws nyob ntawm no nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub thib ob xyoo caum ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua tau yug los thiab ua muaj cov kev nyeem ntawv "Four Seasons" los ntawm James Thomson. Qhov no txawj ua hauj lwm uas muaj ob peb yav tas los disparate kwv huam imparted rau cov neeg txoj kev hlub ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv. Txhua zaj paj huam qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv lub ntiaj teb uas nyob deb nroog tshav puam thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub teb chaws ua hauj lwm.

Thomson coj lub baton English txawj sau ntawv Thomas Grey nyob rau hauv nws Elegy "Nyob deb nroog toj ntxas". Tus sau kuj sim mus nyiam tus nyeem ntawv ib tug piav qhia ntawm qhov, mus rau awaken hlub nyob rau hauv nws, los yog tsawg kawg yog txoj kev khuv leej rau qhov yooj yim lub zos neeg, uas nyob zoo thiab tsuas yog ua hauj lwm nyuaj rau qhov zoo ntawm tsev neeg thiab lub teb chaws. Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm yog permeated Grey reflections rau lub neej uas nyob deb nroog cov neeg, uas muab nws ib tug txawj xav thiab melancholic cim. Sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Laurence Sterne ( "sentimental lus") thiab Samuel Richardson ( "Clarissa Harlowe"). Qhov thib ob yeej tsis sau txog qhov xwm, cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws ua hauj lwm yog kom piav ntau yam tib neeg cim, raws li zoo raws li txoj hmoo ntawm lawv cov tswv duas paub. Richardson cleverly ua nyob rau hauv vim lub sij hawm tag nrho cov saum toj kawg nkaus English haiv neeg xyu thiab txhawj, kev hlub thiab ntxub nrog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm nws tej hauj lwm.

Sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Fabkis txuam nrog rau tswv yim tej hauj lwm Zhana Zhaka Rousseau thiab Jacques de Saint-Pierre. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub sentimental mus ob peb vas ntawm lus Askiv sau ntawv tsim xws tej hauj lwm raws li "Lub neej ntawm Marianne", "Tshiab Eloise", "Paul et Virginie". Nyob rau hauv lub novels ntawm lub Fabkis sau ntawv ntawm hauv nruab nrab-18th xyoo pua yog yeej los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm sentimental cim sentiment tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm tej yam ntuj tso kev zoo nkauj: nroog chaw ua si, hav zoov pas dej thiab cov niam dej. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob deb nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv npaaj los de Saint-Pierre, hloov lub ntsiab cim 'Paul et Virginie' tshiab nyob rau hauv nyob deb South Africa. Tus nyeem ntawv ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tshwm rau ob peb nyob rau hauv kev hlub tub hluas ntxhais hluas nyob deb ntawm nroog smog thiab bustle, nyob ib leeg nrog nws nkauj xwb qhov thiab sincere txoj kev xav.

Sentimentalism nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv manifests nws tus kheej xwb nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua, thaum tshwm sim los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Goethe, Richardson thiab Russo Nikolay Karamzin sau nws "Cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm ib tug Lavxias teb sab Traveler". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej Karamzin pom ib lub teb xyaum nquag li, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo, thiab ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd. Nws ua hauj lwm "Tsis Liza" yog ib tug tiag tiag masterpiece ntawm Lavxias teb sab sentimental prose. Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm ib tug neeg pluag, deluded txiv neej hluas nkauj yeej lub siab lub ntsws ntawm ntau txhiab ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Alexander Izmailov, inspired los ntawm cov dab neeg, sau nyob rau hauv 1801 nws "Tsis Masha", Ivan Svechinskaya - "Henrietta" (1802). Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab sentimentalism yog:

• lub cult ntawm sensuality, lub predominance txog koj tshaj qhov yuav ntawm txiv neej;
• lub richness ntawm lub puab ntiaj teb no ntawm lub ntsiab cim;
• cog lus rau siab ideals ntawm lub heroes, lawv nyob mus ib txhis nrhiav tiag tiag txoj kev xav.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab sensuous prose yog mus tsim ib tug tshiab poetic lus, uas yuav tsum hloov lub qub thiab ntev-grandiloquent lus nws tus kheej izzhivshemu aristocrats. Tu siab los yog zoo ces, qhov no tsis tshwm sim. By 1820, Lavxias teb sab sentimentalism kiag li sab sab nws tus kheej thiab nws cov hom phiaj tseem yuav nyob unfulfilled.

Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam historians thiab kos duab historians yuav ntseeg tau hais tias sentimental txawj zog tsuas yog ib tug dhau theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Sentimentalism nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua thaum 18th yog ib tug hloov theem ntawm classicism rau Romanticism. Ua thaum kawg ruaj, nws tau sab sab nws tus kheej, yog li qhib txoj kev rau ib tug tshiab kev sau ntawv sib.