RCC "zircon": yam ntxwv, kev soj ntsuam. Hypersonic cruise missile "zircon"

Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no ntawm caj npab haiv neeg yog tsis tshua muaj tseem ceeb, txawm noj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias lub xeem ntiaj teb no tej teeb meem tau tshwm sim rau ntau tshaj li xya caum xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los, lub zos tsis sib haum txij li thaum ces tsis tau lawm, yog li txhua txhua xyoo hauv lub teb chaws yog tsim tshiab thiab riam phom tshiab los ntawm kev siv billions ntawm cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv nws. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, raws li ib tug ntawm cov superpowers nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem kev koom koom thiab lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Qhov tsab xov xwm tsom rau ntawm ib lub tseeb uas ntawm lub teb chaws - ASM "zircon". Ua ntej, peb to taub li cas cov RCC, thiab yuav ua li cas ua li no technology. Thiab ces nws yuav ua tau mus ncaj qha mus rau lub saib xyuas ntawm cov feem ntau ASM "zircon".

RCC History

RCC - qhov no anti-nkoj missiles, uas yog, lub hom riam phom uas tsim los defeat lub hom phiaj ntawm cov dej. Tus thawj tej yaam num ntawm no riam phom nyob thaum lub sij hawm thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog, thaum cov tub rog engineers tau ua npau suav ntawm unmanned sim saum nruab ntug tsheb, uas yuav tsiv mus nyob dawb do los ntawm cov huab cua thiab ntaus tus nrog sib ntaus lub hom phiaj. Txawm li cas los, cov thawj lub sij hawm xws li ib tug project yog tsis rau ntawm daim ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yog twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Nyob rau hauv 1943, lub teb chaws Yelemees tau ntse siv ib tug zoo xws li cov anti-nkoj missile - thiab txij thaum ntawd tau pib active zus tau tej cov no hom riam phom.

Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, cov missiles kuj tsim Nyiv thiab lub tebchaws United States of America, thiab kaum tsib xyoos tom qab tsov rog tas, cov thawj tsim RCC twb siv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union - nws yog ib tug missile P-15 "tus kab npaug". Txij thaum ntawd los, muaj ntau yam txawv teb chaws los tsim ntau yam anti-nkoj cuaj luaj uas yog lossi tsim thiab zoo tuaj. Yog hais tias tus thawj German PKR 1943 yuav tsuas tua los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 18 kilometers, lub Soviet sic 1983 U-750 "meteorite" yuav tau them ib tug deb ntawm 5,500 kilometers.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub rog tsis yog tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nam ntawm nres ntau yam thiab txawm nws lub hwj chim thiab kev txiav txim - hnub no launched "meteorite", uas muaj ib tug ntev ntawm txog tsug kaum peb meters, nws yuav tsum instantly pom los ntawm radar thiab xuas phom tua cia. Uas yog vim li cas niaj hnub cuaj luaj yog me npaum li cas nyob rau hauv loj, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm, piv txwv li, feem ntau ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ya tom heev tsawg qhov chaw siab tshaj, thaum uas seem muag pom tsis tau tus yeeb ncuab radar, thiab ces txoj cai nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hom phiaj sharply ya mus rau feem ntau zoo tua no lub hom phiaj.

Ntxiv mus, hnub no lub designers yog ua hauj lwm rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm RCC, uas yuav xaiv lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj thiab pw nws txoj kev, li no ua lub efficiency ntawm seev ntawm lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov no American designers - tab sis ua cas Russia?

Qhov no yog qhov uas koj xav tau kom hloov mus rau ASM "zircon". Cov kev loj hlob ntawm no missile tau raug mus nyob rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, thiab lub xeem rau nkawd yuav muaj pib nyob rau hauv 2012, tab sis cov lus qhia no yog tsis paub tseeb hais tias. ASM "zircon" yuav tsum ua ib lo lus tshiab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub caj npab haiv neeg - tab sis cas nws txhais li cas? Yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws tau ua lub npe hu mus rau lub pej xeem?

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm missile?

Lub missile 3M22 "zircon" - yog ib tug ntawm qhov tseeb uas ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog technology. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog hais tias peb piav qhia txog lub project luv luv, qhov no hypersonic anti-nkoj missile ua hauj lwm siv. Ua hauj lwm rau txoj kev loj hlob, ntau lawm, soj ntsuam thiab commissioning pib nyob rau hauv 2011 - ces tuaj thawj mention nyob rau hauv xovxwm. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, cov ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab nqa tawm ua ntej, tab sis cov lus qhia no yog tsis zoo li ib tug neeg yuav tso tawm los yog paub meej tias. Qhuav ntawm no missile tau "engineering NGOs" - thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj lwm yam xaiv, namely uas lub 3M22 "zircon" missile yog ib tug ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lwm project los ntawm tib lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus, "fireball" missile system.

ib co lus

Yog li ntawd tam sim no koj paub tias dab tsi yog cov rockets "zircon", raws li zoo raws li lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog chiv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj proponents ntawm cov kev tshawb xav hais tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem tau pib npaum li cas lawm, tab sis qhov kev tshawb xav yuav los nrog ib tug ntau. Raws li mus rau qhov tseeb, muaj ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv raws li uas nws yog nyob rau hauv 2011, yog ib lub koom haum los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov lag luam ua designers, uas tus neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub missile thiab cov missile system raws li ib tug tag nrho twb teem.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv 2011 muaj xws li tus thawj drawings ntawm ob lub missile thiab nws cov ntau subsystems. Tag nrho cov uas tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub "NPO Tshuab Tsev", raws li zoo raws li nws cov yam ntxwv kev sib cais, nrog rau UPKB "Nthuav dav". Txawm li cas los, cia li loj zus tau tej cov no rockets yuav tau ua nyob rau hauv lub software "Xub" nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Orenburg. Cov no yog cov ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tej zaum yuav hloov, tab sis raws li ntawm 2016 nws yog npaj rau siv lub Orenburg "Xub", los ua cuaj luaj "zircon".

Raug tshem tawm kev loj hlob

Nyob rau hauv 2012, cov xovxwm pib paim quav stunning ntaub ntawv - muaj pov thawj hais tias tus tshiab missile "zircon" yuav tsis raug yug. Muaj ntau qhov chaw tshaj tawm hais tias lub project yog yog kiag li kaw los yog tshem tawm rau loj hloov. Tsis muaj pov thawj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tsis ua raws li, ces tus neeg yuav tsuas twv seb tus resumed ua hauj lwm rau qhov project no.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsoom fwv txiav txim siab los sib sau ua ke ua hauj lwm rau peb tes num "NPO Tshuab tsev" nrog rau cov "Raduga" - cov kauj ruam no twb npaum li cas nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rov pib dua ua hauj lwm rau thiaj li tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog sector ntawm lub teb chaws peb tes num. "Zircon" yuav tsum tau sau npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub Navy ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation rau hauv kev phem ntawm txhua yam, yog li ntawd tag nrho cov tsim nyog ntsuas tau npaum li cas mus rau lub peb tes num tau raug defrosted.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ua hauj lwm rau lub foob pob ua ntxaij resumed, thiab nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav 2013 cov pej xeem kawm tau hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo tas los muaj ib co teeb meem, yog li cov ua hauj lwm rau peb tes num twb tshem tawm, tab sis lub abolition ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cuaj luaj "zircon" hais lus tsis tau.

Tus tam sim no qhov teeb meem

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim nrog rau cov cua ntsawj ntshab nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, thaum lub sij hawm 2013 thiab 2014 yog ib tug active kev loj hlob ntawm lub project - raws li hais ua ntej lawm, muaj txawm cov ntaub ntawv uas nws ntsuam xyuas thawj zaug tau nqa tawm npaum li cas lawm, txawm li cas los, cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj ib tug paub. Raws li official qhov chaw, nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 2015 nws tau tshaj tawm hais tias lub cuaj luaj yog npaj txhij rau kev soj ntsuam. Feem ntau cov yuav, lub thaum ntxov xeem ho muab qhov chaw, tab sis nyob rau hauv 2015 nws yog ib tug twb tau tag nrho-scale raug kev sim siab ntawm lub xeev.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 2016 nws tau qhia hais tias kev soj ntsuam muaj twb pib - thiab raws li thaum kawm tiav ntawm peb tes num yuav muab tshaj tawm ntawv rau loj ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 2016 nws tau tshaj tawm hais tias lub xeem yuav kav rau ib tug tag nrho lub xyoo thiab yuav ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 2017, thiab nyob rau hauv 2018 twb loj zus tau tej cov RCC "zircon" yuav tsum launched. Tus yam ntxwv ntawm no missile twb tseem tsis tau tau tag nrho qhia tawm, tiam sis peb paub heev ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus, uas yuav tsum tau los sib tham ntxiv.

oob khab cov khoom

Hypersonic cruise missile 3M22 "zircon" yuav khiav los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab missile cruiser 11442M. Lawm, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tso foob pob ua ntxaij tsis muaj ntxiv cov khoom los ntawm tsuas yog loading nws aboard. Uas yog vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv cruisers yuav muab nruab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb launcher 3 c-14-11442M. Qhov no installation ntawm ntsug community launch, uas zoo heev pab txoj kev functionality ntawm no hom ntawm riam phom. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias cov nuj nqis tab sis yog yog haum tshiab, tab sis tseem conjectural - thaum lub sij hawm tej yam uas yuav hloov, tiam sis feem ntau tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv yog raws nraim qhov no hnub no.

tswj thiab taw qhia system

Control thiab kev taw qhia system, uas yuav siv tau rau actuate lub "zircon", Lavxias teb sab cuaj luaj tau tsim nyias. Qhov no yog ib zajlus kom, txij li thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuab thiab lub ntsiab lub sij hawm pw RCC. Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, cov thawj anti-nkoj cuaj luaj yuav tsis ya deb heev, thiab cov kev taw qhia tau nqa tawm es rudely. Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no tej yam kev mob yog txawv heev, yog li cov start-up, kev tswj, thiab missile kev taw qhia yog muab ntau npaum li cas sai sai.

Tam sim no PKR yuav ya rau ntawm tsawg tsawg altitudes kom tsis txhob yeeb ncuab radar thiab leem rau koj tus kheej txoj kev mus rau lub hom phiaj, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj, thiab kho nws raws li nws txav. Systems rau cuaj luaj "zircon" tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, lub autopilot system thiab inertial navigation yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub NGO "Granit-Electron", thiab cov kev tswj system nws tus kheej - nyob rau hauv "NPO Electromechanics". Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txhia hais tau tsim "NPO Tshuab tsev" xa mus rau saum toj no, namely UPKB "Nthuav dav".

xyaw

Raws li rau lub xyaw, uas yuav coj cov missile mus rau cov nyhuv, lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2009-2010 - ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj ib tug teb cov nqe lus puas tau. Ntxiv mus, cov xyaw cov liam tsim thiab manufactured rau ib tug txawv teb chaws neeg, txawm li cas los, feem ntau yuav, cov ntaub ntawv no yog disseminated tsuas eyewash. Raws li, los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub tsim ntawm rockets "zircon" xyaw rau nws twb npaj thiab kuaj nyob rau hauv xyaum.

kev yam ntxwv

Ib qho ntawm feem nthuav lub sij hawm, ntawm chav kawm, yog cov kev yam ntxwv ntawm lub missile. Yuav ua li cas nws yuav ua li cas? Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm kev sib tw yuav tsim ib tug ua RCC tiam? Nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov hais tias lub xeem muaj kev vam meej qauv ntawm RCC, tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, tau P-800 "Onyx" - qhov no missile yuav tua ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 300 kilometers thiab ya mus nrog cov kev ceev ntawm Mach 0.85. Yuav ua li cas yuav muab ASM "zircon"?

Cov kev ceev ntawm no missile yog impressive thiab nruab nrab yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj zoo ntawm peb tes num. Raws li yam ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav ncav cuag speeds txog Mach 4.5, tab sis muaj cov tswv yim uas qhov kawg khoom ceev yuav ncav cuag txawm rau strides. Raws li rau qhov kev ncua deb, uas yuav khiav lag luam cov missile, ntawm no lub creators yog tsuas amazing. Raws li yam ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav tsum 300-400 kilometers, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsis conclusive. Muaj cov lus qhia txog qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub community launch loj zus tau tej cov ntau yam ntawm RCC "zircon" yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 800 kilometers thiab yuav ncav cuag txawm txhiab tus kilometers.

xeem

Raws li twb tau hais, cov thawj nom kev xeem ntawm lub missile "zircon" twb tau soj xyuas xwb nyob rau hauv 2015, tab sis heev heev qhov chaw qhia hais tias qhov no yog tsis tag nrho qhov tseeb. Xwb, lub official lub xeev theem ua ntej kev nyuaj siab pib nyob rau hauv 2015, lawv twb muaj thoob plaws 2016 thiab yuav ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 2017. Raws li lawv tau nws yuav tsum txiav txim siab rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau tej kev hloov kho, tom qab uas tus tshiab RCC yuav muab tso rau hauv loj ntau lawm.

Txawm li cas los, muaj tej yam kev xav tseem muaj nqis nyeem ntawv. Piv txwv li, qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Xya hli ntuj-Lub yim hli ntuj 2012, nws tau cog lus rau ib tug ntuav xeem ntawm lub missile los ntawm cov aircraft Tu-22M3 rau Akhtuba - nws yog phem, thiab ntau qhov chaw hais tias nws yog vim li no txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb tes num tau raug tshem tawm nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo.

Tom qab ib xyoos muaj, nyob rau hauv Akhtubinsk, nws twb tau soj xyuas lwm xeem - lub missile twb dua poob los ntawm aircraft, txawm li cas los, thiab qhov no community launch yog ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm, lub davhlau yog luv heev. Thaj Chaw ntseeg tau tias lub foob pob ua ntxaij yog raws nraim ASM "zircon", muab ib tug kev sib tham mus rau lub taub hau ntawm Tactical cuaj luaj Corporation, nyob rau hauv uas nws hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab Federation twb muaj cuaj luaj uas ya nyob rau tom hypersonic.

Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj ntawm lub tib lub xyoo nws twb tuav dua Akhtuba peb foob pob ua ntxaij community launch ntawm lub aircraft - thiab dua nws yog hai. Feem ntau cov yuav, nws yog qhov chiv keeb ntawm cov foob pob ua ntxaij "zircon", los yog lwm yam supersonic chiv keeb, uas tau kuaj thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Russia.

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 2015 qhov yuav tsum tau rau daim card launches yog tsis muaj ntev, raws li nws tau tshaj tawm txog lub npaj txhij ntawm RCC "zircon" full-scale lub xeev cov kev ntsuam xyuas. Thiab tus thawj xeem coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm lub tib lub xyoo - nws twb tsis pib los ntawm lub aircraft. Thaum lub landfill twb teem Nenoksa av community launch complex, uas los ntawm cov thawj nom community launch yog zoo meej. Txawm li cas los, nws yog hai - lub foob pob ua ntxaij, ya nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, yuav luag tam sim ntawd tau vau rau hauv av.

Tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas tau hai, txawm li cas los, yuav tsum tau yog ib tug foob pob ua ntxaij puas tau mus ya. Thiab nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 2016. Tag nrho cov tib ntau yam Nenoksa los ntawm qhov pib lawm hauv av community launch complex, uas muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau muaj kev vam meej. Nws yog ces hais tias cov tub xov xwm officially tshaj tawm hais tias cov tshuaj ntsuam txog ntawm tus tshiab ASM "zircon" pib.

muaj

Yog li ntawd PRK "zircon" mus sib hais tau raug mus nyob rau ib xyoos, cov kawm tiav ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam no yog npaj rau lub xyoo no thiab, nrog hmoov, lub community launch ntawm loj ntau lawm. Tab sis qhov twg yuav cov missiles, thaum lawv npaj txhij? Peb twb hais qhia tias lawv yuav tsum armed cruiser 11442M, uas tam sim no undergoes Modernization yuav tsum tau incurring cov missiles.

Txawm li cas los, muaj kuj yog ib tug ntev-lub sij hawm kev npaj. Ua ntej, RPC "zircon" yuav tsum ntsia rau lub cruiser 11442 "Petr Veliky", lub Modernization uas yog teem rau 2019. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov missiles yuav tau nkag submarines ntawm lub thib tsib tiam ntawm "Husky". Cov multi-purpose nuclear submarine twb tsis tau txawm nkag mus rau hauv ntau lawm. Lawv yog cov nyob rau tsim theem. Tab sis anti-nkoj cuaj luaj "zircon" tsim kev lom zem ntau nrog ib tug saib kom ua ke lawv mus rau hauv lub "Husky" system uas yuav ua rau lub submarine cov ntaub ntawv yog incredibly txaus ntshai thiab cov zoo.