Qos yaj ywm "xoo pob liab vog": piav qhia ntawm ntau yam, xyuas gardeners

Ua liaj ua teb yuam mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev pheej hmoo ua liaj ua teb, yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau yam lub "ob khob cij". Yuav tsum yog yooj yim: thaum ntxov kom loj hlob, tus kab mob thiab kab kuj, tawm los, saj. Los ntawm mus sib hais thiab yuam kev, los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm muaj los muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau yam uas hais tias tau cov tsis. Co yog ib tug ntawm cov uas lub chaw occupies qos yaj ywm "xoo pob liab vog." Hauj lwm ntawm ntau yam, xyuas loj producers thiab private ua lag ua luam cov tswj qhia hais tias ib tug kev mloog kom lub transatlantic khoom nyob rau kev ntshaw.

Qhov tseeb lub npe ntawm liab-skinned ntau yam - "Liab xoo pob liab vog» (Liab Scarlett). Nws los ua ntau tom qab 2000, muaj nyob rau hauv lub State npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Ntawm kev txhawj xeeb yog nws lub meej mom rau cov sau qoob rau hauv central thiab yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, qhov chaw uas lub kub tej yam kev mob conducive mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm cov qos yaj ywm, yuam kom yuav cov noob ntawm thaum ntxov ntawm ntau yam loj liaj teb thiab nruab nrab.

Zoo tau yog tau gardeners uas tau sim rau lawv tus kheej thaj av ntawm qos yaj ywm ntau ntau yam 'xoo pob liab vog. Ua tag nrho Khav zoo harvests Dutch hom? Tsis yeej ib txwm thiab tsis txhua yam. Yog vim li cas tsis yog yooj yim: Agronomists tsis txhob siv tus qauv ntawm tus sau ntawm qos yaj ywm sau qoob. Tsis yog txhua txhua cov av muaj ib tug xoob qauv, tsis yog txhua txhua teb yuav kom tus dej tshuav nyiaj li cas thaum lub sij hawm tuber txoj kev loj hlob. Tsis yeej ib txwm mas pom zoo ncua deb ntawm kab thaum cog Dutch ntau ntau yam. Thiab tus nqi ntawm lub teeb tob tob los ntawm cov saum, xav influences qhov tshwm sim.

Qos yaj ywm "xoo pob liab vog": piav qhia ntawm ntau yam

Qhov no qos breeders muab Holland. Qhov no thaum ntxov maturing ntau yam ntawm cov lus lo lus uas peb. Lub hav txwv yeem yog tsim undersized. Qhov no tebchaws nroj tsuag nrog rau ntsuab nplooj ntawm medium loj thiab tsawg waviness ntawm lub npoo. Paj Flowering nruab nrab. Tej nplaim nrum reddish los yog violet hues, tej zaum muaj cov Cheebtsam ntawm ntshav. Cov paj dawb yuav tsum tsis txhob tshwm sim rau lub plantation. Tsob nroj loj hlob sai heev. Nyob rau hauv tej yam mob zoo tsim ib tug tuab Bush.

Nws yuav tsum tau sib cog cov qos yaj ywm. Qhab-nees "Liab xoo pob liab vog" ntaub ntawv tubers sai heev, muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov tubers ob lub raum. Xav tawm los - txog li 400 kg ib 0.1 ha.

hauj lwm tubers

Tuber peel liab los yog tsaus liab. Daim ntawv dawb, elongated thiab hlua. Ob lub qhov muag me me thiab ntiav. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv nyob rau hauv cov kev txiav ntawm ib tug daj xim. Qhov no qos (ntau yam: "Ed xoo pob liab vog") yog zoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib tug txias qhuav qhov chaw. High hmoov txhuv nplej ntsiab lus muab ib tug zoo saj ntawm tubers. Lawv kom lawv cov trademark aesthetic tsos. Los ntawm 80 rau 96% ntawm lub tubers muaj ib qho kev pom loj rau cov muag khoom ntawm tag nrho cov tawm los ntawm qos yaj ywm ntau ntau yam (80-150 g). Cov khoom no resistant rau kev thauj mus los.

Cov tais diav tubers hau mos mos me ntsis. Vim lub hmoov txhuv nplej ntsiab lus (16% los ntawm qhov hnyav) xim ntawm lub tiav lawm zaub mov yog kua daj.

Qos yaj ywm "Ed xoo pob liab vog": yam ntxwv

Nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands coj rozovokory sib npaug-dawb "Ed xoo pob liab vog" heev thaum ntxov thiab theem siab tawm los. Vegetative kev loj hlob xaus tsis pub dhau 75 hnub. Tsob nroj thev luv luv-term qhuav. Nws prefers zoo-kho av, sib cog. "Liab xoo pob liab vog" yog khaws cia thaum lub sij hawm ntev cia ntawm 98% zoo khoom ntau ntau yam.

Qos yaj ywm (piav qhia characterizes no tsi raws li ib lub rooj) yog tsim txawm muaj tus ua. Tus qauv ntawm lub tuber cev nqaij daim tawv yuav txuag rau hauv daim ntawv. Daim tawv nyias thiab fries yog tau crispy, tsis txhob nqus ib tug ntau ntawm cov roj. Tubers tsis hloov xim thaum mechanically puas, ua siab ntev ntxuav.

nta ntau ntau yam

Resistant mus rau:

- Golden qos cyst nematode;

- lig blight ntawm nplooj thiab tubers;

- lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm cancer;

- tus kab mob PVYn.

Ib me ntsis tsawg resistant mus rau:

- qos yaj ywm kiav txhab;

- Alternaria (tiv thaiv kev kho mob thiaj li yuav raug, hais tias koj tuav nws nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm flowering).

comparative yam ntxwv

Nyob rau hauv lub State npe ntawm ntau ntau yam 'xoo pob liab vog' ua nyob rau hauv 2000 rau lub Central (№3) cheeb tsam. Nws ntse dhau qhov kev xeem, twb pom zoo rau yug me nyuam nyob rau hauv lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nws №2 cheeb tsam (North-West), №4 (Volga-Vyatka), №10 (Western Siberia). Nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas luv luv summers, thaum ntxov sau daws cov zaub mov teeb meem.

Qhov tsom xam pom hais tias cov tawm los ntawm lub khoom qib, "hmoov zoo", "Zhukovsky thaum ntxov" muab txoj kev mus rau cov tib parameter coj mus rau lub "xoo pob liab vog" daim ntawv. Qos yaj ywm tau txais zoo xyuas raws li ib tug tsav site tawm los yog saum toj no 22 kg / ha. Nyob rau productivity ntawm 45 hnub tom qab tag nrho cov tua "xoo pob liab vog" qos yaj ywm ua ntej "Zhukovsky thaum ntxov '24 c / ha. Nws tus nqi yog 84 kg / ha. Nyob rau hnub 55 lub txawv li cas 45 kg / ha. Lub xyaum ua tej yam twb tau soj xyuas nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam. "Xoo pob liab vog" Smolensk cheeb tsam tau pom cov feem ntau tsim ntau yam. Qos yaj ywm, muab qhia tawm uas attracted teb, pom lub tawm los nyob rau theem ntawm "Isora" txheej txheem ntawm 270 kg / ha.

qib kom zoo dua

Qhov loj tshaj kom zoo dua ntawm "xoo pob liab vog" qos yaj ywm mus rau lwm cov thaum ntxov ntau yam hu ua tubers kuj mus golden qos cyst nematode. Cov Latin lub npe ntawm tus kab mob - Globodera rostochiensis. Qhov no hom ntawm nematode lodges thiab muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub nightshade tsev neeg, cov uas nyob rau txiv lws suav, qos yaj ywm, eggplant.

Nyaum nematodes me me rau thaj tsam ntawm private tsev tswv cuab - qhov twg nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau ua raws li cov qoob loo tig nrog ib tug 5-xyoo so. Cov kab mob nroj tsuag sai sai qhuav, tig daj, tubers tsim tsis zoo, thiab lawv muaj pes tsawg yog tsawg heev. Mus txog 80% ntawm cov qoob loo yuav poob yog hais tias tus ib txwm cog qos yaj ywm rov qab mus rau qhov chaw no tom qab 2 xyoo. Yog hais tias lub teb chaws yog cog nrog qos yaj ywm tom qab lwm yam mej zeej ntawm lub Solanaceae, lawv sau yuav tau dramatically txo. kam mus rau lub cab qha cov qos yaj ywm "xoo pob liab vog." Hauj lwm ntawm lub ntau yam, xyuas qos producers paub meej tias qhov no. Qhov no distinguishes nws los ntawm lwm yam ntau ntau yam. Nws tuab daim tawv nqaij yog tsis attracts nematodes uas yam cov qoob loo.

Dutch qos yaj ywm: cov nta ntawm kev saib xyuas

Qos yaj ywm ntau ntau yam, bred nyob rau hauv Holland, tsom nws zoo tshaj plaws sab thaum pib ntawm sau qoob. Ces, txaus siab nyob rau hauv lawv tau tsis yeem markedly. Xyuas tswv yog nce phem heev sau ntawv muaj. Xav phem cais tsis sawv nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntau ntau yam ntawm insidious Phytophthora, thiab nyob rau hauv loo. Tsis faib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no thiab qos yaj ywm "xoo pob liab vog." Hauj lwm ntawm lub ntau yam, xyuas Dutch chaw tsim tshuaj paus cog lus tshaj harvests yog vim kev tiv thaiv rau lig blight. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov kev tshwm sim tau tag nrho cov hauv qab no, tus kab mob ua mob rau ntau cov nroj tsuag. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias ib tug ntau yam degenerates. Ntawm qoob loo tig, nws pib taug kev los mus tam sim ntawd.

Holland - ib lub teb chaws nrog zoo-tsim kev cai ntawm cov sau qoob rau ntawm tej cov qoob loo raws li qos yaj ywm. Meticulously soj ntsuam cai tshwj xeeb rau cov sau qoob, nws hais tias tag nrho cov mus rov hais dua cov kev ua zoo li sai tau. Lub peb yam kev kawm tau zoo: xoob, Structured av, huab cua muaj peev xwm xa cov keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, txaus noo noo thaum lub sij hawm ntawm tso lub tubers, lub siab tshaj plaws kev nkag tau ntawm lub teeb mus rau lub stems thiab keeb kwm.

Catch up thiab ntes

Tsim tej yam kev mob rau zus tau tej cov pheej Dutch ntau ntau yam tsis yog txhua tsev neeg yog muaj peev xwm. Sandstones los yog acidic peat av, tuab av nplaum xau tsis muab queries. Ib tug cwj pwm ntawm xyoo lawm! Nco ntsoov lub "square-pawg"? Lub ib txwm tsaws 60 x 60 tsis muab huab cua, lub teeb cag. Thaum rau hauv thaum ntxov ntau yam kab yov dav yog coj sib npaug zos rau 80 cm cog tob ntawm noob qos yaj ywm tsis pub tshaj 4 cm, thiab lub ridges tsim ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm 25 cm, productivity nce dramatically.

Los ntawm Dutch tiv nroj siv Science News for KIDS. Tsis tshua muaj qib ntawm tus kab mob - ib tug tsim nyog tau mob loj heev ua system. Lub nruj alternation ntawm tshwj xeeb cov khoom thiab ib tug 6-ib qos ua chaw khaws cov nroj tsuag los ntawm tus kab mob. Yog tsis muaj raws li cov tej yam kev mob, "xoo pob liab vog" qos yaj ywm, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm peb cov tswv teb, "tos" Phytophthora sai sai, thiab tsis muaj tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv raws li xws li yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag.

cog khoom

Tshwj xeeb kev kho mob yuav tsum tau rau qhov kev npaj ntawm noob. Rau qhov zoo kev loj hlob noob cog las normalized zaus. Txhua 30 square meter cog nrog lov tas vau. Yog xav tau xws li ib tug tshwm sim tau xaiv los ntawm sprouted tubers ntawm cov neeg uas sawv tsawg kawg yog tsib qhov. Loj tuber cog dua muaj 3-5 cm. Tswj nruj me ntsis purity qib. Yog hais tias koj qhov chaw tsis phim cov xim ntawm cov qos yaj ywm ntau yam, cov lus xaus ntawm lub Bush ntawm lub cultivated cheeb tsam. Yog hais tias qhov no tib tsob nroj, rhuav tawm cov nqaij daim tawv, qhov chaw thiab yog leejtwg tiag ntawm kev khawb, tshem tawm los ntawm lub pab pawg neeg tswj. Raws li saum toj no yuav tsum tau, qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cog cov ntaub ntawv uas mus cuag cov neeg tseem ceeb ua tau zoo.

Txuag sau pab ib kev kho mob ntawm lub tubers los ntawm tus kab mob. Nws yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej cog.

Lub sij hawm ntawm sau

Heev thaum ntxov ntau yam yuav tsum tau ib tug luag hauj lwm mus kom ze rau lub sij yawm ntawm sau, khawb li lub noob Tshuag. Nws muaj ib tug singularity thiab qos yaj ywm "xoo pob liab vog." Hauj lwm ntawm lub ntau yam, tswv muaj xyuas yog ntxuav npaum li cas lawm tshaj li niaj zaus. Qhov kawg ntawm lub yim hli ntuj los yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj nrog lub teb muab tshem tawm rooj qos yaj ywm. Rau noob haum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj - thaum ntxov Lub yim hli ntuj.

Yav toj txiav tshem tawm 10 hnub ua ntej qhov pib ntawm ntxawm. Qhov no yuav leeb lub ripening, lub tsiaj hiav txwv peel qos yaj ywm. Cov kev ceev ntawm daim tawv nqaij pab raws li kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab tau kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob loo thiab cia ntawm kev tso.

Tom qab Qos yaj ywm tseb rye, mustard. Zoo rau ib lub xyoo los mus muab lub teb ib lupine. Cov haiv neeg yuav enrich thiab purify rau hauv av rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub qos qoob loo. Cog Solanaceae lwm nrog sowing legumes. Tsuas yog los ntawm cov nram qab no tag nrho cov lus qhia, koj muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau qhov zoo ntawm cov Dutch ntau ntau yam.