Qhov ntev ntawm cov ntoo railway sleepers. Tam qhob sleepers: Qhov ntev

Railway sleepers - ib tug tseem ceeb ntxwv caij coj kab. Nyob rau lawv zoo ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub stability ntawm lub infrastructure. Nyob rau hauv Russia, siv ntoo thiab ua kev reinforced lug. Nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm lawv tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb cov qauv uas txhais tau lub qhov ntev. Yuav ua li cas yog lawv tseem?

Classification los ntawm hom ntawm cov ntoo sleepers

Qhov ntev ntawm sleepers ua los ntawm cov ntoo, nyob rau hauv raws li lub xeev txoj cai, yuav tsum correlate nrog nws hom. Muaj ntau ntau yog vim li cas rau lub kev faib ntawm lub caij ntawm lub railway.

Ntawm cov feem ntau - lub sij hawm. Yog li, lub sleepers raug muab faib mus rau hauv cov neeg uas yog npaj los:

- lub ntsiab khiav 1, 2 los yog Class 3 rd muab hais tias lawv tsheb ceev siab tshaj 5 lab tonnes / km ib xyoo, los yog u khiav hauj lwm rau ib tug ceev tshaj 100 km / h.

- lub ntsiab paths 3 thiab 4 chav kawm ntawv, kev nkag (intensive kev ua hauj lwm), marshalling, thiab receiving-- noj;

- tej kev uas yog attributable rau cov tub kawm 5, nrog rau cov chaw nres tsheb, yuav tsum tau dej num raws li cov uas tsis muaj-density, raws li zoo li lwm yam, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm shunting lub export-hom zog.

Muab ntau yam ntawm txoj kev kab li thaum nyob rau hauv kev siv, ntsig txog, I, II thiab III hom sleepers. Txog lawv ntsia, yog li ntawd kev ntsuas.

av noo zoo tshaj

Lub sij nqi ntawm railway sleepers ua los ntawm cov ntoo tej zaum yuav nyob ntawm seb raws li qhov theem ntawm dej ntsiab lus. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Qhov tseeb hais tias lub duas paub qhov tseem ceeb yog yam hais txog av noo tsis tshaj 22%. Yog hais tias qhov no daim duab ntau tshaj qhov teev tus nqi, qhov luaj li cas ntawm tus khi yuav tsum tau kho nrog lub tsim nyog nyiaj rau shrinkage. Nws tus nqi yog nyob ntawm hom ntawm cov ntoo - softwood los yog hardwood. Ib tug zoo xws li cov uas yuav tsum tau yog tseem pom nyob rau hauv relation mus tus ntoo khaub lig-sections ntawm puas kev tsheb ciav hlau ties.

Tolerances ntev puas sleepers

sleepers loj tej zaum yuav thim ntawm cov kev cai teem tseg nyob rau hauv lub xeev txoj cai, nyob rau hauv lub chav tau qhov tseem ceeb. Hais txog qhov ntev - yog 20 mm, thickness - 5 hli. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj tolerances, ze rau kom lub dav ntawm lub reservoir, lub qhov siab ntawm lub sab, ib tug deb ntawm lub bolts thiab lawv txawv los ntawm cov ntsug axis ntawm lub sleeper.

Kev ntau thiab tsawg pab ntawm cov ntoo sleepers

Xav txog tam sim no, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, dab tsi yuav yog qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntoo railway sleepers (railway), nyob ntawm seb lub hom.

Nrog kev xav txog cov railway khiav ntsiab ntawm ntaus kuv, ces qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau:

- thickness - 180 hli (kam 5 hli);

- qhov siab ntawm lub sawn sab - 150 mm;

- lub dav ntawm lub sab saum toj txheej - 180-210 hli;

- lub dav ntawm lub qis txheej - 250 hli (kam 5 hli);

- ntev - 2750 hli (tso cai hloov ntau yam ntawm 20 mm).

Hais txog sleeper hom II, nws qhov ntev yuav tsum tau raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:

- thickness - 160 hli (kam 5 hli);

- qhov siab ntawm lub sawn sab - 130 hli;

- lub dav ntawm lub sab saum toj txheej - 180-210 hli;

- lub dav ntawm lub qis txheej - 230 hli (a siab tev taus ntawm 5 hli);

- ntev - 2750 hli (tso cai variation tsis pub dhau 20 lub hli).

Nyob rau hauv lem, tus sleepers yam III yuav tsum tau raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:

- thickness - 150 mm (sib txawv tso cai yog 5 hli);

- qhov siab ntawm lub sawn sab - 105 hli;

- lub dav ntawm lub sab saum toj txheej - 140-190 hli;

- lub dav ntawm lub qis txheej - 230 hli (a siab tev taus ntawm 5 hli);

- ntev - 2750 hli (tso cai hloov ntau yam ntawm 20 mm).

Yog li, peb soj ntsuam cov ntawv uas cov qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntoo railway sleepers uas teem lub xeev cov qauv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub railway khiav muaj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cav ntoo uas yog siv ua ke nrog sleepers - transferable tuav. Saib, nyob rau hauv lem, cov qauv uas yog teem los ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lawv me me.

Qhov ntev ntawm tes hloov qhov ties Kev Cai

Raws li qhov ntev ntawm lub sleepers, cov coj nuj nqis rau cov laug cam yog txhais los ntawm lawv cov hom. Lub thaj av rau cov kev faib ntawm lub caij ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau lem kuj yog ib ob peb. Ntawm cov tseem ceeb, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv thaum txiav txim qhov loj ntawm lub sleepers, - lub sij hawm.

Yog li, lub laug cam yuav siv tau:

- rau ntawm lub ntsiab ntsia 1, 2 los yog Class 3 rd yus tsheb ceev tshaj 50 lab tons / km ib xyoo, raws li zoo raws li cov kev ceev ntawm lub zog ntawm u tshaj 100 km / h;

- rau ntawm lub ntsiab ntsia teej tug mus rau lub 2, 3 thiab 4 chav kawm ntawv, kev nkag (intensive lag luam), raws li zoo raws li sorting thiab tau txais kev-uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub noj;

- nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas yog attributable rau cov tub kawm 5, xws li chaw nres tsheb dej num raws li cov uas tsis muaj-density nkag thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv rau lub zog ntawm shunting-export hom.

Hais tias paths sib haum mus rau I, II thiab III hom hloov ties.

Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ties, nws muaj ib tug nqi ntawm av noo qhia. Yog li, caag ntev ntawm tes hloov qhov ties, tsiag ntawv los ntawm humidity ntawm ntau tshaj 22%, yuav tsum muab xav xav txog qhov tsim nyog nyiaj rau kom qhuav. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv defining qhov ntev ntawm lub sleepers, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug nqi uas yog cov ntoo hom siv rau qhov siv thiab ua cov boards - hardwood los yog softwood. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj yuav tsum tau kev muaj nyob rau hauv GOST 6782.1-75, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - cov qhua siv 6782.2.-75.

Peb kawm tau li cas thiab thaum twg peb soj ntsuam cov ntoo sleepers, loj tuav correlative rau lawv hom.

Qhov ntev ntawm tes hloov qhov ties los ntawm hom

Thaum nws los txog rau lub tuav ntawm ntaus kuv, lawv cov yam ntxwv yuav tsum ua raws li cov nram qab no qhov tseem ceeb:

- -180 hli thickness (tso cai hloov tsis pub dhau 5 hli);

- lub dav ntawm lub sab saum toj txheej - 220 hli (broadened), 200 mm (sab);

- lub dav ntawm lub qis txheej - 260 hli;

- rau qhov siab ntawm cov sawn sab - 150 mm.

- lub dav ntawm lub beam ntsiab nepropilennym - 300 hli;

Tuav II hom yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab cov yam ntxwv:

- -160 hli thickness (nyob rau hauv ib siab tev taus ntawm 5 hli);

- lub dav ntawm lub sab sauv txheej 220 hli (br), - 175 hli (li qub);

- lub dav ntawm lub qis txheej - 250 hli;

- rau qhov siab ntawm cov sawn sab - 130 hli.

- lub dav ntawm lub beam ntsiab nepropilennym - 280 hli;

Nrog rau kev hwm mus hom III boards ntsia nram qab no qauv:

- thickness - 160 hli (nyob rau hauv ib siab tev taus ntawm 5 hli);

- lub dav ntawm lub sab saum toj txheej - 200 mm (sab), 175 hli (li qub);

- lub dav ntawm lub qis txheej - 230 hli;

- rau qhov siab ntawm cov sawn sab - 130 hli;

- lub dav ntawm lub beam ntsiab nepropilennym - 260 hli.

Qhov ntev ntawm lub laug cam: lub luv ntawm tau qhov tseem ceeb

Tab sis dab tsi yog qhov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub bar? Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov qauv tswj qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntoo railway sleepers (railway) thaum tag nrho cov qhov tseem ceeb nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm cov coj lub caij, hais heev nruj raws li tsim qauv, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tuav - qhov ntev ntawm cov kev tshwm sim rau txhua hom. Ntxiv mus, cov kev cai tsis muab ib qho taw qhia, thiab lub luv - los ntawm 3 mus rau 5.5 meters nrog graduations ntawm 0.25 m nrog ib tug sib txawv tso cai ntawm 20 mm.

Choj beams: tseem standardization

Yog li ntawd, peb ntsia dab tsi cov qauv tswj qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntoo railway sleepers (railway) thiab supplementing nws nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm cov kev tsheb nqaj hlau ntoo fabrics. Tab sis muaj lwm tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov duas paub tseem khiav. Nws yog hais txog tus tuav choj. Ib yam li tswj railway sleepers-daws teeb meem, active taw qhia rau cov tivthaiv nyob rau hauv kev tsheb nqaj hlau webs no kuj tsau nyob rau hauv lub xeev txoj cai. Peb yuav kawm txog qhov no ntxiv specifics.

Cov khoom ntawm kev siv ntawm choj beams - ntoo. Lawv loj sau raws nkaus Ii ib parameter - qhov luaj li cas ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig seem, raws li zoo raws li siv tau kev ntsuas ntawm rejection. Lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau rau cov cav ntoo - ib lub zoo lawm. Cov ntsiab ntawm railway kab yog tus ntoo khaub lig-section:

- 220 x 240 hli;

- 220 rau 260 hli.

Choj kab teeb ntawm ob hom, txawm li cas los, yuav tsum muaj tib lub ntev - 3250 hli. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm standardization ntawm tolerances ntsuas tej zaum yuav txawv. Yog li, rau tuav nrog tus ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 220 x 240 hli siab tshaj plaws sib txawv yuav ua tau rho tawm 2 hli (thickness) 15 hli (ntev). Hais txog qhov thib ob hom ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau ntsiab lwm yam kev ntsuas. Yog li, kho cov thickness rau 220 tuav nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 260 hli tsis muab, zoo li nyob rau hauv ntev, tab sis cov dav ntawm cov coj tus nqi raws li tau txiav txim nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej txheem 3 hli.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus nrog tus neeg muas zaub tej zaum yuav ua nrog rau lwm cov seem ntawm lub laug cam - 220 rau 280 thiab 240 x 300 hli thiab muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 4.2 m.

Raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov qauv tswj qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntoo sleeper (railway), qhov ntev ntsuas choj boards ntsia rau cov khoom uas nyob rau hauv ib yam av noo theem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - 20%. Yog hais tias tus choj beams yuav muaj ntau ya raws, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog qhov luaj li cas yuav tsum tau nrog cov kev tsim nyog nyiaj rau shrinkage - nyob rau hauv raws li GOST 6782.1-75.

Qhob sleepers: kev faib

Ib tug lwm txoj rau ntoo sleepers yuav ua tau ntawm kev reinforced. Cov khoom uas siv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txoj kev. Caij nplooj zeeg mus rau hauv cov qeb ntawm pre-nyuab siab. Yog siv rau tso ntsia hom P75, P65, thiab P50. Muaj ntau ntau yam rau cov kev faib ntawm qhob sleepers:

- los ntawm hom ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov ntsia;

- rau hom txog leeg;

- los ntawm ib tug electrically insulating yam ntxwv;

- lub theem ntawm raug zoo.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog tus thawj kauj - tus txheej txheem uas ntsia tsau mus rau qhob sleepers. Khoom qhov ntev thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv txhais precisely rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tsim nyog mechanism. Yog li ntawd, nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm txuas mus rau lub ntsia sleepers yog:

- hom GW1 npaj nyias ua nyias fastening siv screws los ntawm kho cov hauv ob sab phlu rau lub sleeper;

- R2 hom, npaj rau inseparable daim ntawv cog lus nrog bolts ntawm lub txuas mus rau lub khi tsis tau tsuas yog liner tab sis kuj cov kev tsheb nqaj hlau;

- Nd3 hom npaj rau inseparable daim ntawv cog lus nrog bolts los ntawm ncaj qha Symptoms mus rau ib tug kev tsheb nqaj hlau sleeper.

Qhob sleepers: qhov ntev thiab lwm yam tsis

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj uas yuav txiav txim txog kev paub tus yuav tsum tau tsis qhob sleepers - lub ntus ntawm nws mus rau ib yam ntawm cov saum toj no hom.

Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias nws yog ib tug khi, dej num raws li SH1, nws yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab cov yam ntxwv:

- yuav tsum tau kev ncua deb ntawm lub abutment npoo - 2016 hli;

- deb ntawm cov duas paub npoo ntawm lub kawg khoom - 406 hli;

- cov khoom nyob rau hauv nyob rau hauv-kev tsheb nqaj hlau seem qhov siab - 193 hli;

- Khoom qhov siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab seem - 145 hli.

Sleeper hom GK2 yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab cov yam ntxwv:

- qhov kev ncua deb nkauj nraug lub abutment npoo - 2016 hli;

- deb ntawm cov duas paub npoo ntawm lub kawg khoom - 406 hli;

- cov khoom nyob rau hauv nyob rau hauv-kev tsheb nqaj hlau seem qhov siab - 193 hli;

- Khoom qhov siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab seem - 145 hli.

Sleepers, dej num raws li R3, yuav tsum tau raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:

- qhov kev ncua deb nkauj nraug lub abutment npoo - 1966 hli;

- deb ntawm cov duas paub npoo ntawm lub kawg khoom - 359 hli;

- nyob rau hauv-kev tsheb nqaj hlau seem qhov siab - 193 hli;

- qhov siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab seem - 145 hli.

Cov no yog cov ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm uas, nyob rau hauv raws li lub xeev txoj cai, yuav tsum tau ua kev reinforced sleeper. Nws ntev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntev thiab dav ntau tsau - feem 300 thiab 2700 hli. Txawv txav uas yog piv nrog cov neeg kaw rau cov ntoo khoom, pob zeb ua hais txog lub xeev cov qauv yog tsis muab. Loj railway sleepers ntawm qhov kev tsim nyog hom tsis hais correlative variation nrog cov av noo thiab lwm yam ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb.

Ties ntoo thiab ua kev reinforced: commonalities thiab qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv

Yuav ua li cas loj sib txawv tau muab sau tseg ntawm lub pob zeb ua thiab ntoo hais? Ua ntej, dab tsi yog qhov txawv, yog li ntawd sleepers - qhov ntev. Tes taw hnyav li - tseem ceeb heev dissimilarity qauv tshau rau lub duas paub cov khoom. Tus naj npawb rau cov ntoo sleepers - txog 80-85 kg ntawm qhob - txog 270 kg. Scope ntawm ob tsis ho txawv. Sleepers, cav ntoo, qhov ntev ntawm uas peb tau tshawb nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw? dabneeg preceded ua kev reinforced, tab sis tseem tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb. Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb zoo - ib tug uas tsis muaj nqi, yooj yim ntawm tsheb thauj mus los, hloov thiab kev thauj mus los, overload stability.