Qauv, kwv thiab kawm ntawm psychology raws li ib tug science

Psychology raws li ib tug science kawm tus cwj pwm thiab kev xav noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tib neeg nco qab.

Cov kev kawm ntawm psychology raws li ib tug science nyob rau hauv ntau theem ntawm nws kev loj hlob yog txiav txim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Kom txog thaum lub 18th caug xyoo, lub tsoos sawv cev ntawm nws cov kev kawm mas suav hais tias ib tug txiv neej tus plig. Nyob rau hauv cov lus Askiv empirical psychology assotsianistskoy (Dzh.St.Mill, D.Gartli, G. Spencer, A. Ben) dealt nrog cov phenomena nco qab. Nyob rau hauv structuralism (W. Wundt) tus kwv pom nyob rau hauv qhov kev paub ntawm cov kev kawm. Functionalism (F. Brentano) xam tau tias yog txhob txwm ua nco qab.

Cov kev kawm ntawm psychology raws li ib tug science, txij li thaum Sechenov (psychophysiology), to taub raws li lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov hom ntawm kev puas hlwb kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv behaviorism (J. Watson) mas pom tau hais tias tus cwj pwm. Psychoanalysis, coj los ntawm Freud tig mus rau tus nco qab lawm.

Subject ntawm psychology raws li ib tug science nyob rau hauv Gestalt psychology (Maks Vertgeymer) txhais tias yog cov txheej txheem kev kho mob thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov dab. Nyob rau hauv humanistic psychology (Maslow, Frankl, Carl Rogers, Rollo Tej zaum) zaum loj tshaj mloog yog them rau tus kheej kev ntawm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv domestic science nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm lub Soviet psychology xws li cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas txhais tau lub kev kawm ntawm psychology raws li ib tug science tiag yog tsis nyom. Tsuas yog tus thirties pib piav cov kev kawm raws li "ncus, tswv yim, kev xav, kev xav ntawm tus txiv neej."

Halperin tau pom cov kawm ntawm psychology li ib tug indicative kev ua si (qhov no muaj xws li kev txawj ntse thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua si ntawm tib neeg lub siab, thiab lub siab, xav tau kev pab, yuav).

Yog li, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science kawm psychology tau hu ua kev xav, thiab lwm yam tej yam kev mob thiab thaj chaw ntawm tus neeg raws li zoo raws li lawv cov qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm. Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm yog muab rau kawm creatures nco qab thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob, cov lag luam thiab kev sib txuas lus nrog tus cwj pwm thiab lub tswv yim ua ub no ntawm cov neeg.

Tus qauv ntawm psychology raws li ib tug science nyob rau tam sim no theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob yog es tham. Muaj ntau ntau feem ntau txais lug tsim lub npe hu psychologists.

Ananiev lug ntawm psychology uas kawm ib tug neeg sib nrauj nco qab thiab tib neeg kev ua si. Nws tseem ceeb uas kawm cov ontogenesis ntawm tus txiv neej raws li ib tug neeg (tag nrho, txawv, lub hnub nyoog, ontopsihofiziologiya, psychophysiology); uas kawm ib tug neeg thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej txoj kev (tag nrho, txawv, comparative, psycholinguistics, lub hlwb kev tshawb xav ntawm lub siab xav, psychology ntawm kev sib raug zoo); uas kawm tus neeg raws li qhov kev kawm ntawm kev ua si (lub psychology ntawm cognition, ua hauj lwm, muaj tswv yim, dav dav thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic psychology).

Hansen tseem ceeb xws ceg ntawm science raws li ib tug general psychology, psychophysiology, psychophysics, psychology ntawm cov tsiaj, pab pawg neeg ntawm kev kawm, txoj kev loj hlob (phylogeny, ontogenesis, anthropogenesis, comparative), kev ua si (tus cwj pwm, ua zog, kev txawj ntse, kev sib txuas lus), kev psychology (keeb kwm, lus sib raug zoo, cwm pwm , loj sib txuas lus) typological txawv txawv (anomalous sib txawv), haiv neeg sib txawv ntawm ib tug neeg txawv).

Platonov lug raws li science: general, kev loj hlob psychology, kev kawm, kev kho mob, muaj psychology, cov kev ua si, qhov chaw, chaw ua dav hlua, cov tub rog, raws li txoj cai, kev sib raug zoo.

Lub ntsiab yam khoom ntawm psychology raws li ib tug science - ib tug neeg los yog cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg (thiab cov tsiaj) raws li muaj ntawm lub psyche. Lawv kawm thiab researched nrog kev pab los ntawm scientific txoj kev nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub cov tswv yim pom zoo, raws li zoo raws li lub creation ntawm tshiab theories ntawm science.

Psychology thov kom teb cov nqe lus nug ntawm yog vim li cas cov neeg coj li no thiab tsis nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam teeb meem no. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, thiab peb tshawb xyuas cov mechanism raws li lub psyche, uas qhia tag nrho cov motives thiab coj cwj pwm kev ua ntawm tus txiv neej.