Arsenic acid: tshuaj nyob tus yeees mis. mas txaus ntshai tshuaj

Los ntawm txawv tshuaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog tsis meej xwm. Feem ntau ntawm peb lub npe hu tebchaw los yog nruab nrab, thiab ua si ib tug zoo luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej. Tab sis muaj ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj, cov sawv cev ib tug loj kev hem thawj rau kev noj qab nyob. Lawv muab faib ua ob peb cov chav kawm ntawv. Xam tias yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm arsenic acid - ib yam ntawm cov tshuaj lom tshuaj. Raws li tam sim no txais kev faib tawm, nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub thib ob chav kawm ntawm high-uas yuav muaj, nrog rau chloroform, hlau thiab lithium tebchaw. Peb kawm thaj chaw ntawm arsenic acid ntau yam.

Molecular qauv thiab lub cev lub xeev ntawm teeb meem

Qhov no compound nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob muaj ib tug crystalline qauv. Ua ib tug tribasic, arsenic acid, nyob rau mis H ₃ ua ₄ muaj ob theem nrab thiab acid ntsev. Piv txwv li, poov tshuaj gidroarsenat - K ₂ HAsO _4, sodium digidroarsenat - NaH ₂ ua _4, lithium arsenate - Li ₃ ua _4. Calcining arsenic acid, arsenic tau gemipentoksid hu ua arsenic pentoxide. Nws dawb pob tshab muaju tsim ib vitreous loj, yog tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej.

dissociation

H3AsO _4, nrog rau formic acid thiab txhuas hydroxide yog mob me me tsis muaj zog ntsha. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub rooj qhov loj ionization acids ortomyshyakovaya acid muaj peb dissociation constants: 5.6 x 10 ^-3, 1.5 x 10 ^-7 thiab 3, 89 x 10 ^-12. Cov ntsuas tuab quantitatively lub acid zog. Nyob rau hauv raws li dissociation constants nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm inorganic acids H ₃ ua ₄ occupies ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub chromium thiab antimony acids. Lavxias teb sab chemists experimenters AL thiab I. L. Agafonovy formulated zauv qhia, nyob rau lub muab kev sib raug zoo thawj thiab thib ob dissociation qhov ntawm arsenic acid los ntawm ib tug kub xws li los ntawm 0 ° C rau 50 ° C.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshuaj zog

Lub degree ntawm oxidation ntawm arsenic atoms constituting lub acid molecule, yog 5. Nws yog hais txog mus rau lub fact tias cov compound nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tshuaj tshua nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj muaj oxidizing zog. Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm nws sis raug zoo nrog cov poov tshuaj iodide kuj yog ib txo neeg sawv cev, nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic nruab nrab peb nrhiav arsenious acid yog H ₃ ua ₃ ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom. Nco qab tias arsenic acid, nyob rau mis H ₃ ua _{4 yog} tribasic, thiab chaw pib, tshua nrog alkali bases los yog insoluble, nws muaj peev xwm muab peb cov hom ntawm cov ntsev: nruab nrab, hydro- thiab digidroarsenaty. Zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ua ₄ ^3- ions nyob rau hauv lub analytical Science News for KIDS ntawm tus sis nws tus kheej yog arsenic acid los yog nws cov ntsev nrog soluble nyiaj ntsev, xws li nitrate. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tsom kwm nag lossis daus Ag ₃ ua ₄ kas fes xim.

Iodometric txoj kev txiav txim ntawm arsenic acid

Nyob rau hauv analytical Science News for KIDS, ib qho tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm yog mus ntes tshuaj tebchaw nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab. Arsenic acid, tshuaj zog uas peb tau sib tham txog ua ntej lawm, muaj peev xwm yuav ntes tau micromethod iodometry. Yuav kom 1 ml ntawm nws cov tshuaj yog poured rau hauv tib lub volume ntawm 4N. hydrochloric acid thiab 1 ml ntawm ib tug 4% tov ntawm poov tshuaj iodide. Tsim arsenic sesquioxide Raws li ₂ O _{3, qhov} loj uas nyob rau hauv nruj ntau nqi ntawm reagents yeej tib yam nkaus thiab yog sib npaug zos rau 0,5746 mg.

Lub oxidizing muaj peev xwm ntawm arsenic acid

Raws li yog lub npe hu, H ₃ ua _{4 li} orthophosphoric acid, ib tug ntsha nruab nrab lub dag lub zog. Nws dawb pob tshab muaju yog deliquescent thiab muaj formulated 2H ₃ ua ₄ x H ₂ O. Nws ntsev tsim nrog alkali hlau (raws li qhov nruab nrab, thiab cov acid), nyob rau hauv aqueous lub ntsiab muaj ib tug pH siab tshaj 7. Arsenates lithium, poov tshuaj, sodium thiab ammonium nkag soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej, thiab tus so ntawm lub Middle ntsev tsis yaj nyob rau hauv nws. Arsenic acid - ib tug zoo oxidizer. Nyob rau hauv redox tshua, nws yog rov qab los mus rau lub arsenous acid los yog arsine.

H ₃ ua ₄ ⁺ 2e + 2H + = H ₃ ua ₃ + H ₂ O

H ₃ ua ₄ ⁺ 8e + 8H + = tshauv ₃ + 4H ₂ O

Tsis tas li ntawd, arsenic acid nkag oxidizes ntau hlau, sulfite thiab acid iodide, thiab hydrogen sulfide.

Kev npaj ntawm arsenic acid

Nyob rau hauv laboratory tej yam kev mob, H ₃ ua ₄ yuav ua li cas los ntawm reacting arsenic sesquioxide nrog nitric acid nyob rau hauv cov cua kub. Cov khoom kuaj cov pa roj nitrous oxide thiab H ₃ ua _4. Lwm txoj kev npaj - yog xaus nyob rau hauv dej ntawm arsenic oxide. Nquag siv kom tau nws simultaneous oxidation thiab hydrolysis trialkilarsenitov rhuab mus rau 50 ° C nrog ib tug daws ntawm hydrogen peroxide. Ib txhij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm dej thiab haus dej cawv. Cov tshuaj yog ces evaporated thiab cov tau siab purity arsenic acid. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, lub raw khoom rau arsenic acid yog minerals arsenolite thiab arsenopyrite, uas yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tso ntawm Chelyabinsk thiab Chita Thaj av ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Daim ntawv thov H3AsO4

Muab qhov tseeb hais tias ortomyshyakovaya acid yog ib tug ntawm cov muaj zog tshuaj lom. Nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej niaj hnub no xwb. Ntau ntau ntsev - arsenates, uas nws toxicity ntau tsawg tshaj li uas ntawm feem ntau H ₃ ua _4. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov ntoo ua lag luam nrog zinc sulfate thiab pentachlorophenol sodium ntsev, arsenic acid yog siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov ntoo. Qhov no txoj kev minimizes tsis los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cellulose fungal kab mob thiab kab ntawm cov kab, ntoo borers. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj H ₃ ua ₄ yog siv nyob rau hauv lub "Atoxil" kev npaj rau cov kev kho mob ntawm protozoal kab mob, xws li giardiasis, balantidiasis, isosporiasis.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tus kab mob no cov pejxeem cov kab mob nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los muaj ntau zog dramatically. Muaj ntau ntau yog vim li cas - piv txwv li, tus kab mob los zaub mov uas muaj cov noob pwm protozoa, los ntawm kab tom los yog kev sib deev. Arsenic acid yog siv raws li pib cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv lub dab ntau lawm ntawm kho qhov muag tsom iav, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Derivative H ₃ ua ₄ - nws sodium ntsev, yog ntse thov nyob rau hauv dermatology thiab Mob Ntsws. Tebchaw siv nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav arsenic (arsenic muab tshuaj txhuam) raws li ib tug tshuaj siv rau tej lub mob rhiab heev ntawm lub kub lug paj raws li qhov kev tshem tawm los ntawm ib tug hniav kwj dej.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub acid nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, H ₃ ua ₄ muaj nyob rau hauv lub thib ob chav kawm nce teeb meem - mas txaus ntshai tshuaj. Xam tias yog tuag ntau npaum ntawm ob lub acid thiab nws ntsev nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 15 mus rau 150 mg rau ib kilogram ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nrog rau ntau lom nyhuv, arsenic acid ua necrosis ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week ntawm hauv nruab nrog cev: lub ntsws, lub plab, cov hnyuv.

Nyob rau hauv lub laboratory, nyob rau hauv lub thwmsim nrog arsenate thiab H ₃ ua ₄ yog yuav tsum tau siv kev tiv thaiv cov hnab looj tes, thiab lawv tus kheej thwmsim tau yam nyob rau hauv ib tug fume hood. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov theem ntawm cell toxicity ua txhaum nws enzyme system, raws li inactivation ntawm enzymes. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, lom arsenate ua rau paresis los yog txawm tuag tes tuag taw. Nyob rau hauv Oncology cov kws khomob uas tsis raws kev cai nrog dosing kiag ntawm tshuaj thiab lom mob miarsenolom novarsenolom kaw. Thawj pab rau lom ntsev ntawm arsenic acid yog tam sim ntawd pais plab lavage (e.g., sodium unitiola los yog pob zeb ntais dioxide npaj).

Yuav kom tiv thaiv mob raum tsis ua hauj lwm, hemodialysis yog muab rau koj. Raws li ib tug antidote dua li unitiola 5% tov, nws yog tej zaum yuav siv safener Strizhevskaya. Ua ntej lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev ua ntej pab nyob rau hauv tsev kom tsis txhob muaj cov theem ntawm intoxication yuav siv tau citric acid tov, ces ntxias ntuav thiab mob plab ntxuav. Tag nrho cov tshuaj ntsuas yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv kev ua raws cai nrog nruj txaj so nyob rau hauv kev kho mob saib xyuas.