Puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow" (yees duab)

Sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab neeg lub cim xeeb tuas ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Nws yog muaj pov thawj hais tias yav tas los tsis paub lub yeej ntawm lub German pab tub rog muaj peev xwm yuav yeej. Rau Hitler, cov capture ntawm Moscow yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb, uas equates rau lub teb kov yeej lub Soviet Union. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws yog tus pib ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Wehrmacht. Tag nrho cov neeg uas tiv thaiv lub capital ntawm peb lub teb chaws, ob qho tib si ua tub rog thiab pej xeem, tau qhia txoj kev mob siab, heroism thiab siab tawv kuj. Puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow" yog cov neeg uas nws ua siab loj thiab ua siab loj tau ua ib qho chaw khuam nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm lub Nazis yuav tsum yeej xwb lub ntiaj teb no.

tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Moscow yog conventionally muab faib mus rau hauv ob ua sawv: defensive thiab offensive.

Lub keeb kwm starting taw tes rau ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub capital ntawm cov Soviet Union, los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov thawj hnub ntawm lub tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow - qhov no yog 30 lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1941. Lub countdown yog ua tom qab lub German pab tub rog offensive pib, codenamed "Typhoon" nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Bryansk thiab Vyazma. Fights twb hnyav. Nrog hnyav losses tus yeeb ncuab ua nws txoj kev mus rau lub channel Volga-Moscow thiab nres ntawm lub ntug yav qab teb ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kashira. Los ze zog mus Moscow, nws yuav tsis tuaj.

Lub nroog tiv thaiv sawv nws cov inhabitants. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws twb tsim 12 kev sib cais thiab 56 pab dawb battalions uas mus tiv thaiv lub capital. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, raws li cov GKO cai ntawm 12 Cuaj hlis 1941, qhov kev siv ntawm tej chaw tiv thaiv nyob ib ncig ntawm Moscow. Lub ntsiab kab kws muaj txuj ci them lub nroog nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, uas yog nyob 20 kilometers ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau qhov yog cov defenses thiab nyob rau hauv lub nroog, piv txwv li nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub vaj nplhaib thiab ib tug bypass railway. Ntxiv mus, nruab kho kav rau repairing puas khoom thiab riam phom. Tag nrho cov vaj tse yog hu ua Moscow defensive tsam, thiab coj lawv mus rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub Moscow tub rog District, General paj Artemyev Nyob rau hauv nws cov pib teem tseg rau cov tub rog ib feem ntawm lub nroog garrison, cia division twv thiab tsim lub militia.

Moscow nres

Qhov ntev heroic tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow tso cai rau ceev thiab ntxiv dag zog rau reserves. Thiab nyob rau lub hlis ntuj nqeg 5 ntawm lub tib lub xyoo nws pib ib offensive lag luam los ntawm peb cov fronts: Kalinin, Western thiab South-Western. Commander ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov raug tsa General ntawm cov tub rog GK Zhukov. Rau lub German pab tub rog nws yog ib tug ua kom tiav surprise. By lub sij hawm no, tus yeeb ncuab twb npaum li cas sab sab lossi tu ncua sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, vim lub loj heev cov huab cua puag thiab cov zaub mov muaj riam phom hauv German pab tub rog twb tawg, uas coj mus rau ib tug tawm.

Cov tawm ntawm lub fascists los ntawm Moscow, nrog hnyav losses ob leeg nyob rau cov txiv neej thiab nyob rau hauv cov riam phom thiab cov khoom siv. By pib ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj 1942 rau pem hauv ntej kab twb raug thawb rov qab los ntawm Moscow, 250 kilometers tshaj cov kev hem thawj ntawm capture tau raug tshem tawm.

Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no offensive nyob ze Moscow, uas yog tsim los ntawm GK Zhukov, kawm nyob rau hauv cov tub rog academies. Lub commander nws tus kheej tom qab tau txais ib tug puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow", raws li zoo li ntau lwm zoo tib yam neeg koom ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov puav pheej twb cim lawv lub siab thiab heroism nyob rau hauv lub tawm tsam rau txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm lawv teb chaws.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow"

Yuav kom muab nqi zog rau cov defenders ntawm Moscow rau hli ntuj 29, 1943, nws tau txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug nqi npib. Lub luag hauj lwm rau nws txoj kev loj hlob tau raug tsa intendant ntawm lub Red Army, Colonel General PI Drachov Nyob rau nws txiav txim, lub artistic pab pawg neeg tau raug tsim, uas muaj Xya hli ntuj 12 muab ib tug ob peb npaj txhij-ua designs. Lub Xya hli ntuj 15, 1943, cov sketches twb xa rau xav mus xav los Stalin. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm lub txiav txim zaum kawg yog npaum li cas. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1944, ua hauj lwm rau ib tug sketch puav pheej twb resumed. Cov theem kawg ntawm nws kawm tiav rests nrog lub ntxias Moskalev NI thiab Romanov EM Los ntawm kawg ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj twb kuv twb npaj txhij zaum kawg kev kee ntawm puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow".

Kev kho me ntsis thiab pom zoo los ntawm lub kawg tsos ntawm khoom plig

Tom qab lub xeem tshem me me, ua nyob rau hauv cov hlau engraver Sokolov NA, qhia ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm cov khoom plig:

• Ameslikas xav nyob rau tom qab ntawm lub Kremlin phab ntsa rau muab tso rau ib pawg ntawm defenders ntawm Moscow, tab sis nws twb hloov los ntawm ib tug tank nrog cov tub rog nyob rau hauv nws tej cuab yeej,
• txo qhov loj ntawm lub dome lub tsev ntawm tsoom fwv,
• nyob rau hauv rau sab laug ces kaum muab cov duab ntawm ib tug ya dav hlau.

Yog li ntawd nws twb tau zaum kawg puav pheej uas qhia tias puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow", ib tug yees duab uas qhia tau nws grandeur thiab solemnity.

Lub hnub ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm cov puav pheej yog 1 Tej zaum 1944.

Raws li cov memoirs ntawm tus sau puav pheej artist Moskalev NI, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no puav pheej, nws pib ntev ua ntej cov official kev txiav txim ntawm lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj, nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm 1941. Ces muaj ib tug tiag tiag kev hem thawj rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub capital. Tom qab no, qhov no sketch yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub lwm yam puav pheej kos npe rau - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hwjchim ci ntsa iab, uas tseem tsim Moskalev.

Nws zoo li ib tug puav pheej

Hwm cim yog dag, puag ncig zoo nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 32 hli. Lub obverse (lub thiaj-hu ua pem hauv ntej lub ntsej muag ntawm tej puav pheej cim) qhia tau hais tias Kremlin phab ntsa. Qab nws yog ib tug domed ru tsev ntawm lub tsoom fwv tsev nrog ib tug fluttering banner ntawm lub Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv lub foreground ntawm lub pedestal mus rau lub heroes, uas nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub, dim lub nroog - Minin thiab Pozharsky. Tom ntej no - lub defenders ntawm lub capital rau lub tank armor. Nyob rau hauv rau sab laug ces kaum ntawm lub etched dav hlau rau sab saum toj ntawm lub inscription "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow", thiab nyob rau hauv rov qab ntawm lub puav pheej muab rau cov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow tej zaum yuav tau nyeem "Rau Peb Soviet motherland".

Leej twg twb muab tsub lub puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow"?

Raws li tsoom fwv kev txiav txim siab, qhov puav pheej yuav tsum tau txais tag nrho cov defenders ntawm lub capital:

• cov tub rog tag nrho cov tub rog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 1 lub hli nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 19.10.41 rau 25.01.42 xyoo,
• civilians ntawm lub nroog thiab lub cheeb tsam, uas ua lub defenses thiab kho tub rog cov khoom, raws li zoo li ncaj qha mus muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub offensive thiab defensive battles ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 1 lub hli nyob rau hauv lub tib lub sij hawm - los ntawm 19.10.41 rau 25.01.42, nyob
• tub rog thiab civilians - active koom nyob rau hauv lub tiv thaiv ntawm lub capital nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 07.22.41 rau 25.01.42 xyoo,
• guerrillas uas raug sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, no yawm tau muab rau cov tub rog uas dim nroog ntawm Tula.

Tau xaiv rau cov tsos ntawm cov puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow"

Raws li yog lub npe hu, cov puav pheej tau muab lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, thiab tom qab nws kawm tiav. Tag nrho cov qauv yog fwm, tab sis cov kev hloov tau ua uas differed tub rog thiab post-tsov rog embodiments muab ntshaw

• eyelet medals, uas twb ua thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, yog soldered rau lub hauv paus, thiab ib tug ob txheej sawb, hnyav,
• nyob rau hauv post-tsov rog pob ntseg qauv raug nchuav ua ke nrog ib tug puav pheej, ib ntu yog ib tug ib leeg-txheej, txhuas.

Kawm tseeb

Thawj thawj tus neeg uas twb muab tsub lub puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow", yog Iosif Stalin. Nws twb muab tsub 7/20/44, thiab tau txais cov coj daim ntawv pov thawj tooj 000001.

Ua ntej yuav ib hlis ntuj 1, 1995 ib tug tag nrho ntawm puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow" tau txais tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li hais txog 1,028,600 tus neeg. Nws yog noteworthy tias ntau tshaj nees nkaum txhiab hluas twb muab tsub lub puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow".

Yuav kom hnav lub puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow" nyob rau sab laug sab ntawm lub hauv siab (nyob qhov twg lub plawv ntaus, rau Moscow - lub plawv ntawm peb teb koj chaw). Yog hais tias muaj lwm yam medals, hais tias "Rau cov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow" nws yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab puav pheej muaj puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Leningrad".

Tej zaum raug xa mus rau nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntaub ntawv puav pheej rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow, tab sis nws yog ua tsis yog hais. Kev txiav txim yeej tsis tau, thiab muaj yog cia li puav pheej puav pheej "Rau qhov kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Moscow".