Pob zeb - ib yam khoom uas los yog lub cev? hom ntawm lub pob zeb

Lub pob zeb uas cov laus neeg muab tej txiaj ntsim nrog tej yam yees siv zog. Nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias ib tug tiag tiag nplua nuj ib tug uas muaj lub feem ntau precious thiab tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb. Thaum lub sij hawm, yog tsis muaj sab laug. Niaj hnub no, muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm zoo kawg li multi-dawb lias ci ntsa iab pob zeb - ib tug nplua nuj txiv neej.

Txawm li cas los, cov neeg tau siv thiab tej yam ntuj tso, tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm ob txhais tes ntawm txhua txhua txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm pob zeb yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag majestic saib. Tab sis li cas yuav muab qhov kev kawm los ntawm ib tug scientific point of saib? Pob zeb - ib yam khoom uas los yog lub cev? Yuav ua li cas nws muaj li cas thiab hom no uas, raws li siv los ntawm txiv neej, thiab yog dab tsi yog ib lub npe? Sim kom to taub.

Pob zeb - ib yam khoom uas los yog lub cev?

Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug no, peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab li cas yog ib lub cev thiab yam khoom uas? Ib tug xib fwb nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib qib nyob rau zaj lus qhia tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm cov me nyuam teb lo lus nug no.

Lub cev hu ua tag nrho cov khoom animate thiab tswg xwm. Thaum qhov teeb meem - qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav ua rau lub cev. Cov tswv yim yuav zoo txuas. Yog hais tias lawv muaj ib tug zajlus kom saw, nws yuav siv sij hawm kwv yees li raws li nram no: Lub cev - lub tshuaj - molecules - atoms - me me lug muaj cov tub ntxhais.

Los ntawm cov xwm, lub pob zeb - cov khoom ntawm pob zeb, chunks thiab daim los ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau cov nqe lus nug: "Lub pob zeb - ib yam khoom uas los yog lub cev?" - yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau qhov fact. Tsis tas li ntawd nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj xwm ntawm lub pob zeb yog sib txawv, lub tshuaj uas lawv tsim meej thiab tsis yog tib yam. Li no tus xaus: lub pob zeb - qhov no yeeb tshuaj, thiab lub cev los ntawm cov viewpoints ntawm txawv sciences.

kev faib ntawm pob zeb

Qhov no qhov teeb meem yog feem ntau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm tseem ib qho qhib lo lus nug, raws li txawv scholars txhais nws nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej txoj kev. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub kev faib ntawm lub pob zeb raug muab tsuas npaum li cas tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub XX caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws, nws yog dab tsi. Rau Russia yog pom tias yuav ua tau ib tug tau system npaj V. Ya. Kievlenko (1973).

1. Hniav nyiaj hniav kub, los yog hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Piv txwv: ruby, sapphire, emerald, pob zeb diamond, beryl, alexandrite, opal, zircon, moonstone, aquamarine, topaz, tourmaline, chrysolite, amethyst, turquoise, chrysoprase, almandite, rozolit, spinel, citrine, demantoid, spodunit, Pyrope. Tag nrho ntawm lub pob zeb subdivided rau hauv kuv, II, III thiab IV ntawm qhov kev txiav txim.
2. Semiprecious pob zeb, los yog gemstones. Piv txwv: pob zeb siv lead ua, agate, chalcedony, amber, hematite, Cajon, rauchtopaz, amazonite, labradorite, Feldspar, quartz, rhodonite, opal dog dig, beloporit, heliotrope, sawv quartz. Tag nrho cov ntsiab muab faib mus rau hauv kuv thiab II txiav txim.
3. Ornamental. Piv txwv: marble, fluorite, Celine, quartzite, granite, Jasper, agalmatolite, gahnite, onyx, dzhesplyait, hardwood, dav hlau, obsidian, onyx.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug dav heev kev txiav txim zoo, tag nrho cov hom ntawm lub pob zeb yuav sau ua ke nyob rau hauv peb pab neeg: cov

• tej yam ntuj tso;
• dag;
• hluavtaws.

Tej kev faib yog ib yam tshuaj, raws li dag thiab hluavtaws kuaj tau npaj los ntawm cov kev ua sim.

Cov chav kawm pob zeb, uas tau raug teev tseg saum toj no, nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej kuj muaj ib yam division. Piv txwv li, lawv muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb xwm thiab cais ntawm lub npe.

Lub pob zeb los ntawm ib tug tshuaj pom,

Raws li twb tau sau tseg, lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv lo lus nug nyob rau hauv nws cov xwm - nws pob zeb. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm ib tug tshuaj pom, lub pob zeb - ib tug tshuaj. Muaj pes tsawg leeg feem ntau yog txiav txim los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm ntau yam hlau oxides thiab ntsev ntawd.

Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tag nrho cov paub ruby thiab kab tho zoo koom - alumina AL ₂ O _3. Xim kuj txawv vim hais tias ntawm qhov sib txawv admixtures ntawm lwm yam ntsiab thiab lub teeb haum muaj peev xwm.

Muaj ntau ntau pab pawg ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm lwm cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov natural, xws li precious pob zeb:

• haiv neeg ntsiab (pob zeb diamond - C);
• halides;
• sulfides;
• oxides;
• phosphates;
• borates;
• sulfates;
• feldspars;
• scapolites;
• sadolity;
• carbonates;
• silicates;
• grenades.

Nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg neeg, lawv cov hom ntawm cov pob zeb, nyob rau hauv cov pua pua ntawm ntau ntau yam. Lawv yog cov tau sib txawv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov xim, zoo, loj, me, transparency, ceev.

lub zog

Ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm science ntawm physics, lub pob zeb - qhov no lub cev. Thiab li no, nws yog yus muaj los ntawm cov khoom, xws li rau lwm yam uas zoo sib xws tej yam khoom: loj, lub melting thiab kub taw tes, ceev, nqaij tawv, saj, tsw, thiab hais txog.

Txawm li cas los, peb yeej paub tias ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub pob zeb twb tsis muaj saj, tsw, yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus ntsib, tiam sis tsuas yog ib feem. Xim raws li lawv thiaj li varied hais tias nws yog tsav mus rau hauv lub dav dav moj khaum ntawm no ntsuas yog tsuas tsis yooj yim sua. Palette radiance ntawm precious thiab semi-precious pob zeb ua kom tiav: los ntawm cov xim dub thiab dawb mus ci xiav, liab, ntsuab, daj thiab ntshav hues.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, muaj ntau ntau lub ntsiab pawg ntawm lub cev tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub pob zeb, ob yam thiab tus txiv neej-ua (xws li precious).

1. Lub zog thiab coj kuj. khoom (granite) yuav cais nyob qhov ntsuas no nruab nrab (marble) thiab tsawg zog (tuff) kuaj.
2. Ceev. Nws sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub yav dhau los index. Faib mus rau hauv hnyav - 2200 kg / m ³ thiab lub teeb - me me tshaj uas daim duab.
3. Dej haum muaj peev xwm, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm lub porosity ntawm cov qauv.
4. Acid kuj. Qhov tseem pheej - granite thiab limestone. Heev yooj yim tawg marble, txij thaum lub acid nkag mus rau hauv ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Yog li, peb yuav xaus uas lub pob zeb - ib yam khoom uas los tej yam ntuj tso cim lub cev, nyob rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj yam ntxwv thiab muaj zoo tswv yim tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej.

tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj ntau ntau yam yuav tsum tau npog tag nrho cov hauj lwm. Tab sis feem ntau sawv daws hais tias yog siv feem ntau los ntawm tus txiv neej, sim xav txog.

Zoo zoo nkauj heev thiab noble tsos muaj tej yam ntuj pob zeb. Photo Stonehenge yog zoo paub tseeb hais tias. Txawm txawm lub fact tias cov kuaj tsis muaj ib lub ci xim thiab ci, lawv impress nrog lawv vajntxwv muaj hwjchim thiab splendor.

hom

Muaj ntau ntau nrov piv txwv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb, uas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub toj roob hauv pes tsim qauv thiab tsim lag luam vim nws durability, kev zoo nkauj, thiab tej friendliness.

1. Marble, uas tej zaum yuav ib tug txawv ntxoov ntxoo thiab txawv (laminate los yog pom). Txij ancient sij hawm siv raws li ib lub pob zeb rau architectural lug. Los ntawm cov tshuaj taw tes ntawm view nruab nrab poov hlau carbonate CaCO _3.
2. Granite. Yog ib cov khoom rau xov plag tsev, cov phab ntsa, cladding ntawm vaj tse, tsim zoo kawg tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab (monuments, monuments, thiab lwm yam). Los ntawm cov tshuaj taw tes ntawm view yog ib tug ua ke ntawm Feldspar, quartz thiab mafic minerals.
3. Sandstone. Siv los ntawm cov neeg rau paving taug, lub tsev stairs, tso ntawm lub hauv paus. Siv txij ancient sij hawm. Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm quartz thiab feldspars.
4. Travertine. Tsis tshua muaj neeg tuab thiab khov pob zeb, marble superior hardness. Tsis tas li ntawd nws muaj zoo te kuj. Siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug par nrog granite thiab marble. Nws muaj lwm yam minerals tawm calcium carbonate.
5. Tuff. Zoo nkauj ntxeem tau pob zeb, heev xoob. Nws yog siv los tsim tsim ntawm lub vaj, txojkev ntawm vaj tse. Cov tshuaj xwm - calcium carbonate, pob zeb ntais tebchaw, volcanic tshauv thiab compacted lava.
6. Jasper - zoo nkauj kob pob zeb siv rau cov hniav finishes thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nws yog ib tug sib tov ntawm pob zeb ntais tebchaw thiab hlau oxides.

Muaj xws li ntau pob zeb zoo li slate, basalt, dolomite, limestone, thiab lwm tus neeg, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ua lag ua luam thiab feem ntau yog siv los ntawm tus txiv neej. Ntuj pob zeb, cov duab uas yuav pom nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, ib tug ntawm hnub no lub feem ntau nrov khoom rau sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj.

Dag pob zeb: kev faib

Tej lug yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv plaub lub ntsiab pawg:

• acrylic;
• polyester;
• quartz agglomerates;
• nrum marble.

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv - yog hais tias lawv yog tsim artificially los ntawm tus txiv neej, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv free daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Lawv lub zog yog tsis inferior thiab tej zaum superior, takovyk ntuj kuaj.

Lub ntsiab teb ntawm kev siv - raug txee, qhov dej, zaub ntawm phab ntsa, plag tsev, Qhov rai thiab lwm qhov chaw.

Lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv cov dej - lub hom thiab cov khoom

Hiav txwv pob zeb - ib tug tseem ceeb ntawm kho kom zoo nkauj rau aquariums, chav dej, sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog style. Lawv yog cov zoo nkauj heev, muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, luaj li cas thiab xim, yeej ib txwm nyiam xim.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm tej lug yeej muaj nyob?

1. Coquina. Ntuj pob zeb, tsim tiam dhau ib tiam ntawm txiv qaub thiab plhaub tawg tsam ntawm dej inhabitants ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab seas. Nws muaj ib tug zoo ntais haum rau siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv specifications. Lug siv nyob rau hauv lub kho kom zoo nkauj tsim.
2. Pearls. Nws yog hais txog ib tug natural hiav txwv pob zeb rau yog dab tsi cov khoom ntawm lub neej shelly shellfish. Siv nyob rau hauv hniav nyiaj hniav kub, nws yog heev npaum li cas menyuam kom muaj lub zog, kev zoo nkauj thiab kav ntev.
3. Corals. Koj tseem hu tau rau lawv hiav txwv pob zeb, vim hais tias lawv nws thiaj li tig mus rau hauv ib tug heev khoom qauv, tsim los ntawm calcareous minerals, quartz thiab cov khoom uas tseem ceeb heev kev ua si ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm lub hiav txwv - polyps. Heev ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov xim, yog cov feem ntau spectacular ntsiab nyob rau hauv dai taig. Siv nyob rau hauv hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Xws li hiav txwv pob zeb - yog ntawm cov tsiaj keeb kwm, tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ntsev dej thiab muaj sia nyob.

precious pob zeb

Qhov tseem spectacular, fascinating thiab zoo nkauj pob zeb - nws yog yeej muaj nuj nqis heev. Qab lawv tiv thaiv, admired, lawv tau hais raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm kev hwm thiab txoj kev hlub, lawv piv lub hwj chim thiab lub zog. Nws yog nrog precious pob zeb txuam nrog heev heev legends, cov khawv koob hwj chim ntawm lawv lub hwj lub cev yog tsis piav kom txog rau thaum tam sim no.

Hom thiab npe

Raws li hu ua pob zeb ntawm no hom? Cov npe muaj ib tug ntau ntawm, raws li, tseeb, thiab lawv tus kheej. Lub kim tshaj plaws thiab zoo-paub yog:

• Diamonds - machined thiab polished diamonds;
• xiav sapphires;
• xiav topaz;
• ntsuab emeralds;
• aquamarine dej hiav txwv yoj;
• violet thiab ntshav amethyst, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg.

Lub pob zeb - zoo nkauj thiab cim cov khoom uas ua rau tib neeg lub neej nthuav ntau, kev ruaj ntseg thiab zoo nkauj tshaj.