Placement ntawm Lavxias teb sab pejxeem. Hwv qauv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab pej xeem ntawm lub federation kawm

Inhabitants ntawm cov ntiaj chaw tau yeej ib txwm tau yus muaj los ntawm tsiv teb tsaws. Cov neeg tab tom nrhiav rau lub feem ntau qab ntxiag tej yam kev mob rau lub neej thiab txav thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Rau kev coj, kev npaj, kev sib raug zoo thiab economic kev ua ub no yuav tsum mus kawm kev tso kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab pejxeem. Piav yuav ua li cas rau cov pejxeem yog faib nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, dab tsi yog qhov keeb kwm puab thiab lub tam sim no lub xeev ntawm cov hwv qauv ntawm cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws.

Geography ntawm Russia

Qhov loj tshaj plaws cheeb tsam ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab Asia thiab occupies ntau tshaj 17 lab square feet. km. Lavxias teb sab ciam teb yog ntxuav los ntawm peb tej dej hiav txwv. Lub xeev yog bordered los ntawm 18 lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia muaj roob thiab hav, qhov twg muaj txog 2.5 million. Hav dej. Qhov ntev loj loj lub xeev, yog li nyob rau hauv txawv cheeb tsam yog heev txawv nyob tej yam kev mob. Txij li thaum lub teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb hemisphere, nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm nws cov kev kawm yeej los ntawm continental kev nyab xeeb nrog domination ntawm no kev xaiv. Ntau ntau Russia nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm pheej hmoo ua liaj ua teb. Lub teb chaws tau nthuav 9 tej yam ntuj tso chaw: lub Arctic ice deserts, mus ib txhis txias tundra, hav zoov tundra, tau lawm taiga, hav zoov-steppe, steppe yog tsis xis nyob, cov kub semi-suab puam thiab suab puam, noo subtropics. Cov nqe lus thiab tej yam kev mob uas muaj feem rau qhov kev tso kawm ntawm Russia tus pej xeem, nws yog heev ua kev.

Tus thawj tswj-hwv division ntawm Russia

Ib thaj nyuag, Russia yog muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw: Teb chaws Europe, Siberia thiab Far East. Raws li cov kevcai tswj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation nws yog, piv txwv li Nws combines sib npaug zos kawm. Lub teb chaws muaj xws li xws hwv units ntawm txawv raws li txoj cai, no muaj xws li: siv yooj yim cheeb tsam thiab republics, cheeb tsam, ib cheeb tsam thiab lub zos ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj xws li 85 ntau yam kev kawm. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov no yog cov koom pheej cheeb tsam ntawm Sakha (Yakutia) (qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj kev tswj chav tsev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nrog rau ib cheeb tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 3 million sq. Km.) Thiab cov Krasnoyarsk Territory, ib cheeb tsam uas - 2.3 lab square meters. km.

Ib txhia mega-lub zos xws li Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Vladivostok thiab lwm leej lwm tus, coj tsis tau tsuas yog rau nws kawm, tab sis ob qho tag nrho tsoom fwv teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm xws units yog faib 8 units nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam megacities, xws li Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Kazan, muaj ib tug loj loj tsam thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav ua ib tug neeg tswv cuab ntawm lub Federation. Ib thaj nyuag-kev tswj lub xeev cov qauv yog rooj noj, thiab tsis tseg hloov.

ceev ntawm cov pejxeem

Rau cov zoo thawj coj ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas cov neeg nyob hauv nws, thiab dab tsi yog qhov ncauj ke. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, lub tswvyim ntawm pejxeem ceev yog tswvcuab rau hauv lub demographics. Nws qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas muaj coob tus neeg nyob rau ntawm ib square kilometer. Lub siab dua cov qhab nia, qhov nyuaj nws yog los muab cov neeg uas muaj kev pab tsim nyog thiab muab lawv nrog xis nyob tej yam kev mob. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pejxeem ceev nyob rau hauv Russia tso nyiaj rau megacities - Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev ceev, cov kev soj ntsuam ua maps thiab cov pejxeem faib qauv thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Qhov no ua rau nws tau mus twv seb tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab npaj rau economic thiab ua lag ua luam kev ua ub no.

Pejxeem faib: keeb kwm puab

Ob peb yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam qhov kev tso kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab pejxeem. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov kev nyab xeeb. Keeb kwm, cov neeg xav mus nyob rau hauv rhaub cheeb tsam nrog ib tug ntau ntawm cov khoom noj pab. Yog li ntawd, Russia tus pej xeem tau yeej ib txwm tau feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub swm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws. Keeb kwm kev sib hais haum tswvyim yog ib tug loj wedge. Nws ntau feem ncua raws thaj ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws, los ntawm Rostov rau St Petersburg. Lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub npoo txuas St. Petersburg, Vologda, Perm, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk. Thiab lub yav qab teb ciam teb kis tau los ntawm Rostov, Saratov, Samara, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk. Tom ntej no, lub npoo dhau mus ua ib tug nqaim sawb raws railway rau Vladivostok. Txawm tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag, qhov no muab faib rau cov pejxeem mas nws txawv me ntsis nrog lub sij hawm. Thaum lub hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub npoo txhab ho dhau lub sij hawm. Koj yuav pom tias nyob rau hauv lub lig puv 19 xyoo pua rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws tus pej xeem ntawm 94% ntawm cov pejxeem, hnub no lub daim duab yog 20%. Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb daim ntawv qhia txog lub teb chaws thiab muab nws nrog cov kev ceev ntawm cov pejxeem, peb yuav pom tias 72% ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas lub caij ntuj no kub nruab nrab tsis poob rau hauv qab no 16 degrees Celsius.

Niaj hnub nimno nta ntawm Lavxias teb sab pejxeem faib

Neeg uas nyob ntawm txhua lub teb chaws yog lossi migrating, tus txheej txheem no yuav tsis tau nres thiab yog vim ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, tshwj xeeb yog Lavxias teb sab pejxeem tis (daim duab txuas) hloov. Technology txoj kev loj hlob, thauj thiab infrastructure txhawb rau lub fact tias cov sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj suburbs es nquag loj hlob keeb kwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog ho nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th tus xov tooj ntawm cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub Far East cheeb tsam thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov kawg ntawm XX - pib ntawm XXI xyoo pua muaj ib zaug dua qhia rau lub depopulation ntawm cov cheeb tsam. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, zoo heev muaj zog lub teb chaws urbanization. Qhov nruab nrab ceev ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Russia yog 8.3 neeg ib sq. km, uas yog ntau tshaj li 5 lub sij hawm tsawg dua qhov nruab nrab rau cov ntiaj chaw.

Huv thiab nyob deb nroog cov neeg nyob

Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv muab neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog lub economic tau. Cov neeg yuav mus nyob qhov twg muaj ntau lub sij hawm kom tau raws li nyias kev xav, thiab nws yog ntau tshaj ntawm lub nroog tshaj lub zos. Urbanization Russia tau txais yuav luag menacing. Yog hais tias nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nroog 15% ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws, tab sis hnub no cov duab confidently txuas daim duab ntawm 74%. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuaj mus rau cov nroog loj, uas yog loj hlob sai heev vim tus loj heev outflow ntawm pejxeem ntawm lub zos.

Qhov tseem populated cheeb tsam

Qhov loj tshaj pejxeem ceev, ntawm chav kawm, yog pom nyob rau hauv loj lub zos - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar. Nyob rau hauv Russia muaj yog ib tug heev muaj zog tsis txaus nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov European thiab Esxias qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia koj yuav pom hais tias tus Central, yav qab teb thiab Volga tsoom fwv teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv yog nyob sib ti, thaum lub Siberian thiab Far Eastern inhabited sporadically.

Lub kawg populated cheeb tsam

Tso cov pej xeem ntawm Russia yog kev cob cog rua nrog climatic thiab economic tej yam kev mob. Qhov tseem seeb thiab yam tsawg kawg nyob cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws yog cov Chukotka Autonomous District (0.07 neeg. Ib sq. Km), Nenets Autonomous District (0.25 neeg. Ib sq. Km) thiab Yakutia (0.31 neeg. Ib sq. Km).