Piv txwv li kab lus nrog hais. Muaj ib qho kev plov meej: piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv tus qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus, muaj ntau yam ntxwv ntawm lub tswv yim. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib tug hais-oslozhniteli ntsiab. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib tug ntau muab kev plov meej - nws tseem ua hauj lwm nrog cov yam tab kaum.

feature tswv yim

Nyob rau hauv nqa tawm lub syntactic parsing proposals xav tau los mus txiav txim rau ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ntawm txhua lo lus nyob rau hauv cov kab lus, qhia li cas lawv yog cov mej zeej ntawm lub tswv yim. Thaum lub theem kawg ntawm tus tsom xam nws yog tsim nyog los tuab lub tswv yim:

1. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub qhia.
2. Emotional coloring.
3. Grammatical bases (ib los yog ntau tshaj).
4. Secondary neeg (yog los yog tsis muaj).
5. Muaj tsim nyog cov tswv cuab.
6. Lub xub ntiag ntawm complicating ntsiab.

complicating tsim

Yuav ua raws li pawg lus 6 yuav tsum tau paub txog complicating designs. Qhov no cais neeg, introductory lus, homogeneous cov nqe lus, cov comparative ceev, specifying cov nqe lus ntawm kev. Piv txwv li kab lus nrog tim khawv thiab introductory lus: Yuri, thaum koj xav hais tias, yuav pib broadcasting ntaus pob ncaws pob txheej xwm? Nws zoo nkaus li kuv, Val, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ntawm no. Ivan, koj nyob nraum tej zaum so nyob rau hauv Cyprus? Xav paub ntau ntxiv hais txog dab tsi muaj peev xwm yuav nyuab tswv yim - nyob rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no.

Tuav - ib feem ntawm lub nyuab kev: suab

Thov nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog kev, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv. Lawv cov lus hais nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb vocative, ascending-nqis suab. Yog hais tias tus hu yog ib feem ntawm lub ua kom muaj siab muaj, lub ntsiab semantic load yog muab faib nruab nrab ntawm cov kev kho mob thiab cov qhia txog kev ua. Yog hais tias cov kev kho mob yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub interrogative kab lus, kev nyuaj siab ntog rau qhov tsis txaus siab. Piv txwv li kab lus nrog hais: Klim, coj cov ntaub ntawv rau cov muag khoom cuab yeej siv. Leej Tub, peb tsis ua si nyob ua si nraum zoov. Qhov twg yog kuv sketches, Nadia? Ntxhais, yuav ua li cas kom tau mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv? Muaj causative-interrogative ua ke, nyob qhov twg lub ob lub ntsiab zajlus kom nyuaj siab: Qhia rau kuv, Dmitri, ua li cas koj kawm tau ntawv zoo?

Tuav - ib feem ntawm lub nyuab kev: grammatical nta

Qhov kev kho mob nkag tau rau hauv lub nominative cov ntaub ntawv. Tej zaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hais lus, kev kho mob tej zaum yuav tsis nyob rau hauv lub nominative cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li: Koj yog nyob rau hauv lub tsho, them tus nqi? Hav, ib tug straw lub kaus mom, koj nug kev tso cai?

Appeals yog feem ntau npe (feem ntau lawv tus kheej lub npe): Niam, coj kuv nrog koj. Eugene, tau tsim nyog!

Tej zaum kev kho mob yog adjectives, tej lus, numerals, participles. Piv txwv li kab lus nrog Appeals, cov kev qhia no tsis yog ib tus, tab sis raws li nws: Young, mus rau lub neeg sau npe kawm. Oh, koj twb ua deals! Sixth, nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua! Dancing, xyuam xim rau cov atherosclerosis.

Raws li ib tug qauv uas complicates lub tswv yim, qhov reference yog sib cais los ntawm commas. Yog hais tias tus hu pib ib kab lus, ces tom qab nws yog tsim nyog los muab tso rau ib tug tsis nco qab: txiv ntxawm, nyob qhov twg muaj koj tau txais kev pab?

Yog hais tias nws sawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug kab lus, lub comma sawv rau ob sab: Koj qhia rau kuv, Volga, qhov twg cov cua blows.

Yog hais tias tus hu ua tiav kev, ces tus tsis nco qab yog yuav tsum tau ua ntej nws: Rov tag nrho, lo lus rau lo lus, Lisa.

Nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg qhov yuav tsum tau yog tshwj xeeb yog muaj zog excretory suab, ib tug exclamation point tej zaum yuav tom qab kev kho mob: Cov phooj ywg! Cia ntsib ntau zaus.

Yog hais tias ib tug tsis txaus siab yog los ntawm lub suab ntawm understatement, tom qab tuav rau lub tsuas me me: cách ... Saib kuv! Muab tus yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev siv ntawm chiv keeb, koj yuav tau yooj yim ua ib tug kab lus nrog kev kho mob.

Ib tug ntau kho mob

Yog hais tias lub nyob ze-noun hloov dua siab tshiab nqi txiav txim qhia tej txhais me me, ib qho chaw, possessive hais lo lus, qhov tsis txaus siab yuav tsum ntau. Muaj ib qho kev plov meej, piv txwv ntawm uas tau muab rau hauv qab no, kuj nyuab. Luag tus me nyuam, yuav ua li cas yog koj? Nyob zoo kwv tij, qhia rau kuv ib zaj dab neeg. Kuv tus phooj ywg, peb tsis tau pom rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Qhov no complex muaj ib qho hais. Muaj mob, thaum tus tsis txaus siab muaj ib tug tag nrho tu siv. Piv txwv li kab lus nrog hais nyuab los ntawm cov designs: Comrades, tos rau lub tsheb ciav hlau, yuav tau ceev faj. Ib tug phooj ywg uas ib txwm to taub kuv, koj yog zoo rau kuv.

Siv ua tim khawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tseeb kev kho mob nkag tsis tau tsuas yog yuav tsum tau hu ua qhov no los yog hais tias tus cwj pwm, tab sis kuj yuav qhia cov kev xav, uas xa mus rau tus hero. Piv txwv li, lub tswv yim txog rau rov hais dua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov dab neeg, IA Bunin: Ua tsaug rau koj, gentlemen, Kuv xav tias nkees heev. Mus tom ntej, tus kwv tij, mus ua ntej ua siab loj! Hluas Master, zoo kos lub tsev hais plaub ib yam dab tsi! Mitya, lawv tshaib plab! Kohl thiab Kohl!

Piv txwv li kab lus nrog coob leej ntau tus hu los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: Yog vim li cas yog li ntawd, kuv cov ntxhais tswv? Cov tsiaj ntawv, Ivan Filimonovich, tsis muaj? Sergey Lvovich, thov ua si! Nikolay Nilych koj yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam nais ntawm qab zib? Sib ntsib dua, Mrs Leshchinskaya. Farewell, muam, cov tubtxib saum ntuj, ua tsaug rau koj rau ib tug tham nrog kuv.

Tuav thiab cov lus qhia

Nyob rau hauv ntau lub xeev, muaj feem ntau yog tau txais, yog txivneej los pojniam thiab socio cim kev kho mob. Qhov no yog Mr., Mrs., Miss, ma'am, ma'am, sir, ib tug poj niam - nyob rau hauv lus Askiv-hais lus lub teb chaws, tus tswv, tus tswv - nyob rau hauv Latin lub teb chaws, monsieur, mademoiselle, Madame - Fabkis. Nyob rau hauv Russia, muaj yog tsis muaj feem ntau txais kev kho mob. Cov lus qhia kom ua hauj lwm kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv Russia tso cai rau lub hu Mr thiab Mrs. Nyob rau hauv colloquial hais lus feem ntau siv tsis zoo li neeg hauv daim ntawv ntawm, piv txwv li, Kuv thov txim, kuv thov txim. Muaj, mas nyob rau hauv cov lus hais lus, yog txivneej los pojniam txawv kev kho mob: ib tug poj niam, ib tug tub hluas, ib tug ntxhais, ib tug txiv neej thiab lwm tus neeg.