Phom loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Me caj npab. Trehlineyka Mosin

Nws yog suav tias yog, nrog rau lub teeb tes ntawm Soviet historians hais tias cov Nazi hordes invaded lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv 1941, kiag li armed nrog lub tshuab phom, yuav luag tsis tu ncua, yuav luag txhua txhua Wehrmacht cov tub rog los ntawm nws scribbling "Schmeiser". Raws li nws muab tawm rau hauv lub xeem ob xyoo lawm, tom qab ib lub hom phiaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov lus tseeb, nws yog tsis heev muaj tseeb. Firstly, lub German tshuab hu ua, nyob ntawm seb lub kev hloov kho, los yog MR.38 MR.40 ob, H. Schmeiser designer twb tsis tsim thiab nkag tau rau hauv nws tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev hloov (nrog rau cov ntoo taub qab) tsim high-nqi phem phom loj, uas tau txais nws lub npe, thiab nws yog tom qab ntawd. Thiab thirdly, cov ntsiab riam phom ntawm cov Nazi occupiers thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog yog ib tug ncaj muaj hwj chim loj phom loj Mauser Gewehr-98. Yog hais tias koj ua tib zoo nyeem cov archival footage ntxeem tau lub sij hawm, nws yuav pom, raws li zoo raws li nees-kos carts, muab lub ntsiab daim ntawv kev thauj Germans. Lub Red Army lub fared txog cov tib. Trehlineyka Mosin ntawm ib tug canvas siv uas hais cov kws sau paj lug Tvardovsky, rau siab ntso ua tau txais kev pab rau cov motherland zoo ib nrab-xyoo pua.

Mauser: tsab thiab kev loj hlob

Hitler yog ib tug conservative. Nws taug kev lub thawj lub ntiaj teb, thiab txawm hais tias ib co ntawm nws biographers allude rau es mas tshwm sim ntawm tau txais daim ntawv ntawm cov Iron Cross, ib co sib ntaus sib tua yav tom ntej "Fuhrer ntawm lub German neeg" tseem muaj. Nws tsis tau tiag tiag ntseeg rau tus nqi ntawm compact riam phom, thiab suav hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws Mauser riam phom designer nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, leej twg muaj kev tswj los tsim ib qho unsurpassed piv txwv. Yog li ntawd, lub German phom loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II twb yuav luag tib yam, uas tiv thaiv lub German cov tub rog thiab cov Austro-Hungarian Empire nyob rau hauv 1914-1918, nrog me tsim kev hloov. Nws tsab yog Gew.71, tsim los ntawm cov kwv tij William thiab Peter-Paul Mauser, raws li yog tseeb los ntawm cov index nyob rau hauv 1871. Ces muaj tshiab, tshaj qauv ( "88", "89", "92" thiab "94"), noj mus rau hauv tus account lub tswv yim rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov yam ntxwv los ntawm cov tub rog. Thaum kawg, tag nrho cov ntawm cov kev hloov tau reflected nyob rau hauv qhov kawg "Mauser" nyob rau hauv '71. Nws yog tus tshaj plaws loj heev German phom loj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II.

Keeb kwm mosinskoy trehlineyki

Stalin xav ntau hnyav, thiab hais tias them tawm. Machine rau hauv lub USSR twb ua 6 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees (rau lab rau ib qho). Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tus pa me me caj npab mloog yog tsis them nyiaj. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab ua qauv, lawv twb kuaj nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog tej yam kev mob (thiab lawv Corporate: Khalkhin hom phiaj, Karelian Isthmus), txhais tau hais tias qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Tab sis, oddly txaus, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua tsov rog ntawm lub Red Army tseem trehlineyka Mosina, nrhiav tau thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm. Nws yog txhim khu kev qha, ib qho yooj yim los tsim thiab sib txawv zoo siab ua ke ntawm zoo heev tactical thiab kev cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau cov kev kab ntsab ntawm tuav.

Nws muaj ib tug keeb kwm yos rov qab raws li thaum ntxov raws li lub sixties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Ces tus Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yuav tsum tau ib tug tshiab me me caj npab, thiab qhov teeb meem no yog thawj solved unsystematically. Ces, nyob rau hauv 1892, ib tug kev sib tw twb tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv uas Library, nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm muaj txiaj ntsim thiab loj txiav txim, muaj ntau lub tuam txhab uas muag coj ib feem: Austrian "Mannlicher" Danish "Kragh-Iorgensen" Belgian "phom." Kuv tsis nyob twj ywm ib sab thiab Lavxias teb sab gunsmith S. I. Mosin. Nws thiaj li nws yeej cov domestic qauv, txawm tias nws tsim sau yuav tsum tau ua ib co kev hloov, txais lawv los ntawm cov neeg sib tw.

German Mauser carbine

Tus tsim lub tswv yim ntawm lub kawg ntawm XIX xyoo pua armourers ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hais txog huas. Txheej txheem cej luam phom loj Gew.98 qhia me ntsis revolutionary boldness. Yog hais tias cov caj npab Circuit Court fuse ib lub tshiab, thiab pyatipatronny khw compact loj vim ob-kab kev kho ntawm cov mos txwv. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub peev xwm ntawm lub yas dhos npaj siab mus nce mus rau xya los yog txawm kaum nqi, tab sis tus German general neeg ua hauj lwm txiav txim siab hais tias es tsib. Mauser cartridge cov kwv tij tsim lawv tus kheej, saib xyuas ntawm lub lag luam ntawm "consumables", thiab kuj txhim kho lawv cov yam ntxwv (loj 7,92 x 57). Pom bladed, muab nrog ib tug ntau yam txog li 2 km. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug bayonet rau hauv ib lub cutlass, tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam.

Raws li rau lub npe "shotgun", nws yuav luag tsis tau hloov dab tsi tsuas yog txoj kev lub pluaj mount.

tsim Mosin

Lub Khoos Loos Tsev characterization ntawm lub Mosin phom loj raws li ib tug tag nrho yog tsis sib txawv heev los ntawm qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub German analogue. Caliber nyob rau hauv peb kab (0,3 '') yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab txheem chim ntev (ntau tshaj ib puas calibers). Cia rau hauv lub thawv neotemny, nws muaj peev xwm - plaub cartridges. Recharging yog nqa tawm manually, lub shutter longitudinally zawv zawg hom. Fuse yog ib tug heev yooj yooj yim thiab thawj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab: nyob rau hauv kom tsis txhob lo paug yuav tsum rub tus txhais thiab tig ib ncig ntawm nws axis, thiab ces tus striker yuav tsis ntaus lub primer. Qhov pom muaj ib tug ob peb ntau precision calibration ua tsaug rau nws ob tug tau txoj hauj lwm. Kauj ruam txhua scale - 200 meters.

Tshwj xeeb lus tsim nyog ib tug bayonet, uas tau nruab nrog Soviet phom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Nws yog ib tug plaub-mog pav ca-ntsis (nws yuav siv tau raws li ib lub cuab tam thaum lub sij hawm disassembly). Nws yog txaus ntshai: lub wounds inflicted rau lawv lub ntug, tam sim ntawd pom zoo, thiab nrog ntshav tshwm sim. Lavxias teb sab ncau bayonet tom qab txwv los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb cov rooj sib txoos.

Tom qab 1939 lub troops tuaj txog modernized Mosin phom loj, differed los ntawm cov tsab los ntawm ib co tsim nta, txawm li cas los, tsis tseem ceeb txaus. Hloov lozhevyh rings, txoj kev kho bayonets thiab ramrod, thiab muab qhab nia ntawm qhov pom puas tau metric.

Nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws

Tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub ob lub ntsiab warring lub teb chaws, tab sis thoob plaws hauv lub so ntawm lub ntiaj teb no muaj feem xyuam rau lub hom automatic (ces mas mus rau lub submachine phom) yog ceev faj. Rearmament yuav tsum tau ib tug lossis loj kev nqis peev, thiab cov tsis muaj ib tug yuav twv. Ntaus cov neeg thiab kev cia siab ntawm tus tshiab cov qauv ntawm cov tsa xav phem cais tsis, kev loj hlob thiab kuaj yuav tsum tau mus kom tiv thaiv pob nyiaj siv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tseeb hais tias raws li ib tug txiav txim load nqa los ntawm cov peeb zeej yuav txawm ntau dua, vim tag nrho cov ntawm cov cav tov tsis khib txog rounds. Qhov tseem loj heev phom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II tau ua, tsuas yog cov Soviet Union thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, lub tebchaws United States ( "Springfield" thiab "Garand"), lub UK ( "Lee-Enfield"), nyob rau hauv ltalis (Mk kuv № 4) thiab nyob rau hauv Nyiv ( "Arisaka") . Lawv tag nrho cov tau zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau heev sib npaug zos. Ib tug tseem ceeb contenders twb Soviet thiab German gunsmiths.

Tsis Siv Neeg ABC-36

Phom cov phom yog hu ua vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov pob tw yog txiav, tsim torque pas dej ua ke, uas raws li ib tug tshwm sim muaj ib tug me me sib txawv los ntawm lub hom phiaj. Riam phom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov respects zoo, tab sis qhov loj ntawm kuaj raws li cov tub rog liab thiab cov Wehrmacht, yog ib tug tseem ceeb drawback - tsis muaj tus nqi. Tom qab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv lub fighter tau distort cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj xa lwm them nyiaj mus rau hauv lub chamber, thiab nws coj precious lub sij hawm. Phom loj 7,62 Simonov, adopting nyob rau hauv 1936 xyoo, muaj ib tug ntau muab piv nrog trehlineykoy, qauv - nws muaj samovzvodom kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv propellant roj zog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub muzzle nres, txo tej yam, pab txoj kev laij hits. Txawm li cas los, txawm tag nrho cov zoo, tus pov tseg ntawm cov mos txwv thuam nqe ntaus rog yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom, thiab lub khw 15 tsub kom tus luj cartridges. Hais kom inclined mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov feasibility ntawm hloov lub ABC-36 ib tug qauv zoo.

Self-loading system Tokarev SVT-38

Tsim Tokarev SVT-38 semi-automatic kab nrog lub tswvyim es ib tug tsis siv phom loj. Piv nrog rau lub ABC-36 nws piv favorably ntau dua sighting ntau, paub yooj yim txij nkawm, tab sis, hmoov tsis, muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau ib yam nkaus thiab cumbersome thiab capricious. Tshwj xeeb yog cov tsis xws luag nyob thaum lub sij hawm lub caij ntuj no tsov ua rog thaum heev failures thaum uas tsis muaj kub. Cuaj kaum, txawm lub fact tias cov qauv raug coj tawm ntawm ntau lawm nyob rau hauv 1940, Tokarev SVT-38 tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov fascist ntxeem tau. Lawv mas siv thaum cov neeg tseem ceeb tshaj kev ntseeg tau.

Tom ntej no tsim Tokarev SVT-40

Flaws qauv SVT-38 twb cov tshem tawm nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no qauv nyob rau hauv 1940. Nrog loj thiab nyhav dhau heev lawm designers tiv thaiv los ntawm drilling qhov thiab lub deepening ntawm seb qhov twg nws yog ua tau. SVT-40 tau ua txawm yooj yim trehlineyki, tab sis ua tsis tau zoo rau nws superior zoo, feem ntau muaj nuj nqis cov tub rog - nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tsis muaj kev cob qhia ntawm cov neeg ua feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog liab tiv thaiv lub peev xwm kev pab cuam ntawm lub kuj sophisticated riam phom. Raug no kuj limping. Tab sis nws siv cov SVT-40 nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb units tsim rau leej firing. Nws mam li cia tsis tus zoo tshaj plaws sniper phom loj, tab sis kuj tsim nyog. Txhua "lub cev" nws muaj nws tus kheej tus cwj pwm, thiab cov ua cim, thiab yog hais tias tus tua neeg yog txawj ntse, nws twb tsis ntev szhivaetsya nrog lawv tej riam phom, yuav tau kho mus rau nws thiab tiav tau zoo heev.

Semiautomatic AVT-40

tshuab ntau lawm yog kim kim dua ib tug phom loj. Ua ntej tsov rog, thiab nyob rau thaum pib nws tseem ceeb heev, yog li Tokarev ua ib tug ntoo khaub lig thiab raws li nws ciali qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Fighter, armed nrog ib tug phom loj AVT-40 yuav hluav taws ib txhaj tshuaj thiab bursts. Lub khw yog nyob kaum rounds. Txawm li cas los, nws sai sai no los ua tseeb hais tias cov receiver yuav tsis tau withstand heev poob siab thiab hluav taws kub txiav txwv. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm tus qauv muab tau puas, thiab tag nrho cov lwm yam kev ntsuas ntawm tus qauv yielded ib phom loj Mosin.

Riam phom Soviet snipers ...

Muaj yog ib pab pawg ntawm me me caj npab, lub drafting ntawm uas tag nrho cov li ib txwm yam ntxwv ntawm tej kuaj sidelined. Lub ntsiab aim ntawm qhov kev designer yog los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj peev xwm tau txais ib tug xub los ntawm ib tug deb txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj. Raug yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Soviet sniper phom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II tau ua nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab systems. Nyob rau hauv 1931, tag nrho cov tib mosinskaya trehlineyka, nrog ib tug me ntsis hloov valve kov, thiab ua nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo cov hoob kawm, tau txais kho qhov muag pom. Externally, nws txawv los ntawm tus thawj qauv nyob rau hauv uas lub shutter qia nws taw downwards, es upwards raws li nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej kos duab.

Soviet sniper phom los ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II SVT-40 piav saum toj no. Nws tsuas tseem mus ntxiv tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev siv thiab yog feem ntau metalworking precision thiab, ntawm chav kawm, structurally envisaged Bracket rau optics.

... thiab German

Thaum pib ntawm tsov rog lub advancing Nazis tau mus ntes tseem ceeb stocks ntawm Soviet riam phom. Lawv tsis tsis coj kom zoo dua ntawm lawv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ntau yam Soviet phom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, nrog rau cov sniper, tau txais ib Wehrmacht. Dua li ntawm qhov simplicity ntawm tus tsim, lawv co menyuam los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, uas mus txog rau thaum 1942 tsis muaj rau lub siab heev tshaj plaws designs. Cov no muaj xws sniper phom Zf.Kar.98k, cov sawv cev ntau tshaj "Mauser" nyob rau hauv 1898, thiab ib co ntawm cov yuav units, yav tas los daig nyob rau hauv lub nyob ib lub teb chaws (Czechoslovakia, Fabkis, Belgium, etc.). Heev mas los mus tsim ib tug hybrid tshuab rab phom thiab sniper riam phom. Tus tsim yog hu ua Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 (phom loj rau lub parachutist). Ib txhia tshwj xeeb yog inclined mus ntseeg hais tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws sniper phom loj. Xijpeem, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog tus tshaj plaws niaj hnub loj hlob thiab ua xwb nyob rau hauv cov neeg tseem ceeb units ntawm paratroopers thiab cov SS.

tom qab tsov rog,

Tam sim no, lub thoob ntiaj teb tsis siv neeg phom hloov cov phom loj. Tam sim no, ib tug tua xwb snipers. Cov feem ntau tshwj xeeb riam phom nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Soviet qhov chaw thiab tshaj nws tseem niaj hnub no Dragunov phom loj, tsim nyob rau hauv 1963. Yog vim li cas rau nws cov chaw yog raug rau tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab caj npab. Nws yog unpretentious, txhim khu kev qha, kuj pheej yig thiab muaj zoo heev yam ntxwv. Tus tsim ntawm lub PRS combines qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo muaj sniper phom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub Soviet. Muaj ntau designs, yees los yog zoo nyob rau hauv lub 30s thiab 40s, muaj tau siv nyob rau hauv nws cov tswvyim.

Ib tug sib piv nrog rau cov American counterpart M24, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, proves superiority ntawm lub American qauv. Ib tug theem siab ntawm cov neeg twb tiav txawv teb chaws engineers, thov kauj ruam rifling 320 hli. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag nws hloov tawm hais tias tsis zoo li nws Dragunov phom loj yog universal thiab yuav tua tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov mos txwv, xws li tej cuab yeej-tho caws nplaum. Thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam muaj mob qhov twg SVD txawm muaj kev tswj kom tua cia lub aircraft, xws li xws nyuaj rau defeat li UAVs, helicopters thiab dav hlau nres aircraft.