Lub revolutionary teeb meem no: lub tswvyim thiab lub ntsiab nta ntawm

Raws li nyuab siab nyob rau hauv nws sau, muaj ntau theorists ntawm lub revolutionary zog, thiab saum toj no tag nrho cov V. I. Lenin, lub revolutionary qhov teeb meem - ib qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, feem ntau conducive mus rau lub pib ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Nws muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv nta, lub feem ntau cov tawm uas yog cov loj revolutionary mus ob peb vas thiab lub xam nrog ntawm lub widest khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub oppressed cov chav kawm nyob rau hauv lub nriaj overthrow uas twb muaj lawm thiaj. Tus heev hav zoov ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no, tej zaum yuav ntshai li tus rov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv tej yam kev mob rau capturing advanced cov hoob kawm lub hwj chim.

Lub ntsiab nkag tau ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem

Revolutionary teeb meem no, raws li Lenin, muaj peev xwm tsim vim muaj ib tug ntau yam. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov thiaj li hu ua "qaum kev kub ntxhov." Nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum tau to taub qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv uas qhov kev txiav txim cov chav kawm ntawv yog deprived ntawm lub sijhawm kom muaj nws hom txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lawv tej kev cai yuav tsis tau tuav rov qab tag nrho cov loj hlob npau taws thiab discontent ntawm lub oppressed masses. Lub xeev ntawm cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv uas lub "sab sauv cov chav kawm ntawv" yuav tsis nyob raws li ua ntej, V. I. Lenin nyob rau hauv nws sau piav raws li ib tug precondition rau cov emergence ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Tab sis lwm yam tshaj li hais tias, nws sau ntawv, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev npaj rau kiv puag ncig thiab nws cov ntsiab tsav tsheb quab yuam - lub sab strata ntawm cov haiv neeg, tshwm sim tawm lub feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem thiab tau feeb ntau tau tus kwv uas exploitation. Qhov no zoo siab hlo, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo txim tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug ntse poob nyob rau hauv nyob qauv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus economic vim li cas, lub creation ntawm ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv uas lub "qis kawm ntawv" tsis xav mus txuas ntxiv mus zam lub tsim kev txiav txim, muaj txhawb rau strengthening lub kev tsis ncaj ncees, tag nrho cov deprivation ntawm lub masses thiab cov aggravation ntawm lub thaiv (social contradictions), yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm cov nom tswv system. Lub validity ntawm daim ntawv no qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov keeb kwm kev. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm nws tau sau los ntawm Lenin phau ntawv, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv, ces tau txais kev pab raws li cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv tawm tsam ntawm lub proletariat.

Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm no yog ua si los ntawm yam tseem ceeb xws li qhov pib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rog, tsov rog los yog cov kev hem thawj ntawm nws pib, lub khov ntawm domestic lub neej nyob rau hauv nws cov ntau yam ntaub ntawv, thiab thiaj li nyob .. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov nom tswv kev ua si ntawm lub masses yog feem ntau tau nce mus xws li ib qhov kawg hais tias rau qhov pib ntawm active revolutionary tej yam yuav ua xwb haib txaus detonator.

Lwm kauj ruam ntawm kiv puag ncig

Yuav ua li cas qhia txog revolutionary kev tshawb xav tsim los ntawm ib tug tag nrho galaxy tshaj thinkers ntawm lub XIX thiab XX centuries, ib tug ntawm qhov pib cov me nyuam yaus ntawm tus emergence ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem lus dag nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom rog thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau lawm. Muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no qhov tseeb yog tsim nyog mus lawm rau nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsim rog no ntau to taub raws li lub totality ntawm cov txhais tau tias ntawm ntau lawm: khoom, cuab yeej, cov chaw ntau lawm los yog av zajlus thiab ntawm lub zog quab yuam, vim lub peev xwm, kev txawj ntse thiab kev paub txog hais tias qhov kawg khoom yog ua. Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog tus kawg ntawm cov keeb kwm kev kawm ntawm cov khoom xees yog tsim, kev taug kev txoj kev los ntawm cov feem ntau cov tswv yim qub ntaub ntawv mus rau lub niaj hnub ntau yam ntawm high-tech ntau lawm.

Raws li nyob rau hauv txhua theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg lawm feem ntau nqa tawm collectively ntawm cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv nws inevitably hloov zuj zuj tej kev sib raug zoo yog txhais, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov tswv cuab ntawm cov txhais tau tias ntawm ntau lawm. Nws yog pom tseeb hais tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau lawm thiab cov khoom rog tsis yog nyob rau hauv nyob sib ze nrog txhua lwm yam, tab sis yog interdependent.

Raws li haiv neeg muaj lub yav tas los tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau lawm kab obsolete thiab ua raws li ib tug nres on cov khoom rog. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm yog lawv tej yam ntuj tso los hloov nrog tshiab, qhov teeb meem yog daws peacefully. Txwv tsis pub, ib tug teeb meem yuav ntxias ib tug aggravation ntawm kev tensions. Thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim muaj ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no.

Yuav ua li cas yuav pab tau raws li ib tug impetus mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no?

Muaj ntau ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Lenin thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb theorists ntawm lub revolutionary zog muaj indications uas qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv uas cov haiv neeg yog npaj txhij rau ib tug tshaj dhau hloov nyob rau hauv lub uas twb muaj lawm system, nyob ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv tej yam kev mob. Cov no muaj xws, saum toj no tag nrho, cov kev mob ntawm lub xeev apparatus, txoj haujlwm ntawm lub dag lub zog nyob rau ntawm qhov kev txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv, thiab, heev ceeb, lub theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv, cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm nws merger nrog rau lwm cov sectors ntawm haiv neeg thiab muaj (los yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv) ntawm nws kev ntawm lub revolutionary nriaj. Thaum aggravation ntawm kev sib raug thiab nom tswv lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws nce mus txog ib tug tseem ceeb theem, thiab nws tsim ib qhov teeb meem hu ua revolutionary.

Cov teeb meem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob hauv cov kev kawm uas muaj ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm Lenin. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws cov ntsiab lus tawm, nyob rau hauv particular, qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug zoo xws li cov teeb meem no tej zaum yuav txawv loj hlob dynamism thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej kauj ruam yog txoj kev loj hlob. Txheej txheem pib, raws li ib tug txoj cai, loj heev fermentation, yog cai nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sectors ntawm haiv neeg, thiab maj mam loj hlob, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws ntsoog, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug kev sib raug zoo tawg, raws li los ntawm ib tug kev hloov ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo system.

Tus nqi ntawm cov subjective tshaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm lub kiv puag ncig

Raws li lub teb chaws yuav ntau thiab ntau pom tseeb tej yam tshwm sim ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub subjective tau, piv txwv li cov ntawv ntawm lub revolutionary masses ua qhov tsim nyog kev hloov, ua rau lub overthrow ntawm lub exploiting chav kawm ntawv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov luag hauj lwm kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug theem thaum kev tensions nce mus txog theem ntawm lub teb chaws ntsoog, vim hais tias nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tiav kiv puag ncig.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov teeb meem no tej zaum yuav prevailing nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv 1859-1861, ntsig txog, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv 1923. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov neeg mob tsis ua rau lub kiv puag ncig xwb vim hais tias lub hnyav chav kawm ntawv yog tsis tau npaj txhij rau muab kev txiav txim tswj qhov qaug dab peg ntawm lub hwj chim.

Raws li nyob rau hauv thawj thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv, nthawv tsim ib revolutionary teeb meem no, tsis yog nrhiav kom txaus them nyiaj yug, maj subsided, thiab lub zog ntawm cov masses pib ploj mus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov kev txiav txim kev kawm ntawv, nrhiav ib lub sij hawm rau khaws hwj chim nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes, peb tau ua txhua yam kom ntxiv dag zog nws txoj hauj lwm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tus sawv tau hloov revolutionary cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sawb.

Pinpoint thiab articulate tej yam tshwm sim ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no yog tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb vim hais tias nws muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim thiab tactics ntawm tawm tsam mus rhuav cov cai ntawm cov exploiting chav kawm ntawv. Raws li keeb kwm kev qhia tau hais tias, npaj siab rau revolutionary transformation ntawm lub neej, noj nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm lub hom phiaj mus nkag tau mus xaus swb thiab entail ruaj sacrifices.

Qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub kawg peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua

Yuav ua li cas yuav zoo thiab tsim ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no, nws yog yooj yim los mus ua raws li cov piv txwv ntawm nws cov tsos nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub lig 70s - thaum ntxov 80s ntawm XIX caug xyoo. Hais tias lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm-pluag zog nrog rau nriaj ntawm lub commoners, feem ntau intellectuals, lub educated voj voog ntawm thiaj li hu ua populists.

Cov kev ua ub tau nqa tawm tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo txim ntawm lub abolition ntawm serfdom. Ntawm lawv yog cov lub exorbitant nqi mus yuav qhov peasants ntawm lub tswv tsev 'av, qhov kev nce rau hauv lub ntim ntawm cov hauj lwm thiab lwm yam oppressive ntsuas kom ua rau lub puam tsuaj ntawm cov feem ntau heev heev cov chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - teb.

Qhov teeb meem no twb aggravated los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, sawv nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xeev vim phem sau xyoo 1879-1880, raws li zoo raws li cov teebmeem ntawm tus nyuam qhuav tas lwm Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem no, coob leej ntau tus raug rho tawm haujlwm rau cov hom phiaj ntawm provocation taug xaiv txog cov tab tom yuav redistribution ntawm thaj av sai sai. Tag nrho cov no coj mus rau lub fact tias muaj tseeb tej yam tshwm sim uas tau tej yam ntuj tso nrug peasants. Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej xwm yog tsis tshua muaj neeg ntshai tsam tus tsoom fwv, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws nrhiav rau lub revolutionary populists.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsis muaj tsawg threatening daim duab emerges nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos. Lub txim ntawm nyiaj txiag teebmeem rhuav Russia nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-70s, coj mus rau loj heev nyiaj poob hauj lwm thiab, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, ib tug ntse deterioration nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tej yam kev mob ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv.

Lub revolutionary nriaj raws li ib tug rau txim ntawm kev teeb meem

Qhov no ua rau cov aggravation ntawm cov kev sib raug nriaj. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias thaum lub kawg ntawm xyoo 1878 thiab thaum ntxov 1879 89 strikes thiab 24 lwm tus neeg mob ntawm ces ntawm kev tawm tsam tau qhia nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, feem ntau ntawm cov uas twb tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua ub ntawm lub underground koom haum ntawm lub socialist tis, xa mus rau raws li "lub Northern Union ntawm Lavxias teb sab Cov neeg ua haujlwm." Nyob rau hauv 1891, thawj Tej zaum hnub ntawm lub revolutionary proletariat muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tom qab, cov kev ua txhaum cai cov rooj sib tham, cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1, nkag mus rau hauv ib lub lig kev cai thiab ua ib daim ntawv ntawm loj nom tswv kev ua si.

Lub revolutionary teeb meem nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub lig 1870s muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb poignancy vim hais tias ntawm populists kev ua ub no, uas muaj twb tau hais saum toj no. Whereas yav tas los, ntau cov tswv cuab ntawm lub koom haum sawv nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm nom tswv indifference, tawm tswv yim kev txhim kho ntawm kev txiav txim tsuas yog los ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm rov qab thiab yuav luag tag nrho tsis paub ntawv nyob deb nroog pejxeem, nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm, lawv views tau hloov dramatically.

Cov tau ua raws li sai phua thoob teb chaws lub koom haum ntawm "av thiab txoj kev ywj pheej" rau hauv ob tis - lub koom haum ntawm "Narodnaya Volya" thiab "Dub muab faib." Txij no mus, cov neeg uas xaiv los ntawm lawv tawm tsam nom tswv xav tias tsam lawv. Heev sai sai no, Russia do li thiab tau txais ntau pej xeem xim ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev ua nqa tawm los ntawm lawv.

Cov zaj dab neeg muaj ib tug los Zasulich nyob rau St. Petersburg cob moos F. F. Trepova, cog lus rau nws nyob rau hauv xyoo 1878, uas tus thawj yog ib tug ntawm cov Gendarmerie N. V. Mezentsova, raws li zoo li ob peb tus neeg mob ntawm armed kuj rau tub ceev xwm uas coj mus rau tus neeg raws li ib tug thiab nyob rau lwm yam tes. Lub culmination ntawm tag nrho cov yog lwm sim rau Alexander II nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1879 thiab ces nws tua neeg, ua phem los ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj 1, 1881.

Tiav ntawm lub tom ntej no lub sij hawm ntawm revolutionary nriaj

Thaum uas tig mus rau qhov no, txij thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm xyoo 1878, sharply delineated thiab cov teebmeem nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim cov chav kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv particular, nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau Alexander II tus txaus siab mus rau cov pej xeem kev pab nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam txog tag nrho cov ua kab zauv ntawm revolutionary sentiment, ntau zemstvos nyob rau hauv rau nws los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv qhia thuam ntawm cov kev cai.

Tsis nrhiav kev pab los ntawm cov pejxeem, tus huab tais sim normalize qhov teeb meem no rau hauv lub me nyuam los tu thaum muaj xwm ceev kev ntsuas. Nws conveyed mob muaj feem xyuam rau kev nom kev tswv kev ua phem, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm tsev hais plaub martial thiab them cov kev tswj ntawm hauv zos governors-general, uas tam sim ntawd coj mus rau lub decentralization ntawm tsoom fwv.

Tab sis raws li lub assassination ntawm Alexander II arrests undermined cov rog ntawm cov neeg, thiab cov tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm lub sab masses ntawm cov pejxeem tsis pub lawv coj kom zoo dua ntawm lub revolutionary teeb meem rau lub overthrow ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm thiaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug neeg tuag taus luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm lawv lub cev tsis tsa cov neeg sib ntaus, siv tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau cov tom qab. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws summed li cov heev subjective tshaj, uas twb tau sib tham txog saum toj no.

Russia nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm lub kiv puag ncig

Heev txawv hloov zuj zuj txheej xwm ua ntej lub Ob Hlis Ntuj kiv puag ncig (1917 ) thiab lub tom ntej qaug dab peg ntawm lub hwj chim los ntawm tus Bolsheviks. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov qauv ntawm cov txheej xwm tshwm sim, yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub chaw nyob rau hauv uas lawv tshwm sim, thiab mus ntsuam xyuas cov validity ntawm lawv ncaj qha tuaj koom.

Nyob rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov txheej xwm uas coj mus rau lub overthrow ntawm lub tsarist revolutionary teeb meem nyob rau hauv Russia tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub hom phiaj yam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv tsis tau tso cai contradiction uas tshwm sim los ntawm Thawj Lavxias teb sab kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905-1907. Nyob rau hauv kev, qhov no siv rau cov av qhov teeb meem, nyob twj ywm ntawm qhov tshaj plaws pressing teeb meem, dua li cov tsoom fwv yuav nrhiav kev los mus daws tau los ntawm kev Agrarian kho kom zoo P. A. Stolypina.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog ib lub detonators tom txheej xwm yog tus hyperinflation tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis muaj hmoo chav kawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog thiab lub fact tias nws ua tau deployed nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia, hais ntau yam ntawm cov feem ntau fertile chaw. Qhov no tshwm sim los nyob rau hauv loj lub zos kev tshaib kev nqhis, thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos coj mus rau kev tshaib kev nqhis.

Ua tsov ua rog raws li ib tug detonator kiv puag ncig

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus thawj lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub muaj zog ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug nro thiab tsim tau ib revolutionary teeb meem no yog heev. Suffice nws hais tias lub xov tooj uas twb tuag lawm nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws li cas 3 lab cov neeg, cov uas ze li ntawm 1 million - twb civilians.

Tej yam tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov mus ob peb vas ntawm tus masses thiab ib tug dav dav mobilization, uas tau nyob rau hauv 15 lab cov neeg, mas villagers, raug yuam kom los lawv cov ntshav rau kev txaus siab alien rau lawv. Cov hom unwillingness mus tua skillfully siv lub propagandists uas xa nyob rau hauv cov tub rog units uas tiv thaiv rau cov hlau lead nom tswv rog: tus Bolsheviks, lub Kawm ua tub rog, Socialist-Revolutionary Party (SRS), thiab lwm yam ...

Thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, muaj teeb meem loj poob nyob rau hauv industrial qhuav, lub txim ntawm kev uas yog lub tawm ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb pes tsawg tus neeg ua hauj lwm thiab lub tom ntej nyiaj poob hauj lwm. Tag nrho cov saum toj no tshwm sim tau coj mus rau lub fact tias cov teeb meem no tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv uas lub "qis kawm ntawv", ua li ib tug loj ib feem ntawm nws cov pejxeem, tsis nyiam nyob rau hauv lub qub txoj kev. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov ua ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no.

Ntawm ob revolutions

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thiab "sab saum toj" demanded hloov, qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov uas yog vim cov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub tsarist tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag nqe lus. Yav tas los coj hom kev kawm kom meej meej outlived lawv usefulness thiab tsis muab lub sij hawm los mus tuav lub loj bourgeoisie lub hwj chim. Yog li, muaj, thiab lub thib ob feem ntawm cov emergence ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws - "saum toj" yuav tsis nyob rau hauv lub qub txoj kev.

Lenin phau ntawv, yog dav luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm, yog tag nrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ua pov thawj rau irreversibility ntawm lub teb chaws pib nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary txheej txheem. Tseeb, txhua txhua hnub, nws tau tsim nrog puas tau nce kev quab yuam, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub monarchy.

Raws li kev kawm accounts, tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv 1917, Zog ntawm Guj kuj yog ib tug "boiling nom tswv cauldron." Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov fact tias cov ob hlis ntuj kiv puag ncig ho tsis daws tau lub ntsiab hom ntawm nws cov kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv teeb meem. Uas tuaj rau lub hwj chim raws li lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv los ntawm tus thawj hnub tsom lawv tsis muaj zog thiab ua kom tiav tsis muaj peev xwm los txhawb cov txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.

Far sab laug, thiab Socialist-Revolutionary tog - qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, cov nom tswv koom haum ntawm Russia, muaj ntau tshaj ib tug lab cov neeg nyob rau hauv nws cov ibyam. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws cov neeg sawv cev nyob rau qhov tseem ceeb txaus nyob rau hauv ntau tsoom fwv lug, nws kuj ua tsis tau tejyam kom muaj ib txoj kev tawm ntawm lub ntsoog thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim poob cov nom tswv coj noj coj ua.

Tog availing nws tus kheej ntawm lub revolutionary teeb meem

Cov no muab cia rau hauv lub teb chaws coj kom zoo dua ntawm ib tug revolutionary teeb meem no nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm, cov Bolsheviks. Lawv Lavxias teb sab Social ywj pheej Labor Party, muaj tsis tau tejyam los yeej tshaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm lub Petrograd garrison thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm Kronstadt, nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj seized hwj chim rau ntau xyoo, sawv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev.

Cuaj kaum, nws yuav yog ib tug yuam kev kom ntseeg tau tias nyob rau lub xyoo ntawm lawv txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsis txhob tsim yam teeb meem uas yog ze rau revolutionary. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub 30s lub tshiab tsoom fwv kev tswj kom yuav luag tag suppress tag nrho ces ntawm kev discontent, rau yav tas los xyoo caum tau cim los ntawm ntau yam ua yeeb yam ntawm ob leeg ua hauj lwm thiab peasants uas twb tsis txaus siab nrog ntau yam ntawm domestic txoj cai caum los ntawm tsoom fwv.

Yuam collectivization, lub impoverishment ntawm cov pejxeem, raws li zoo raws li repressive ntsuas tawm tsam tag nrho cov nplais ntawm cov haiv neeg tau yog vim li cas rau qhov zuj zus kev nro, fraught nrog ib tug tawg. Txawm li cas los, siv ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev ntsuas ncua los ntawm ideological cawv siv ntawm cov tub rog quab yuam, cov Communist txhua lub sij hawm muaj kev tswj kom tau qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv kev tswj.