Philosopher Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich: biography, pab mus rau science, cov phau ntawv

Orientalist, philosopher, kawm, txawj sau ntawv, thiab tsim ntawm semiotic tsev kawm ntawv Pyatigorsk Alexander Moiseevich yug nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1929. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nws twb evacuated mus Nizhny Tagil. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm cov Moscow State University (Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philosophy), nws qhia rau ob peb xyoo ntawm Stalingrad nyob rau hauv high school, thiab los ntawm 1956 ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Oriental tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm Yu. N. Reriha, qhov uas nws tiv thaiv nws thesis rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm medieval ntaub ntawv. Tom ntej no Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich kawm semiotics nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no, University of Tartu.

Biography, cov phau ntawv

Hometown rau Aleksandra Pyatigorskogo yog yeej ib txwm Moscow, hauv lub nroog uas nws yug los rau lub ib hlis ntuj 30, 1929. Nws tsev neeg tau kawm thiab ntse, malchku muab ib qho zoo heev kawm ntawv. Cov txiv, ib tug muaj koob engineer steelmaker, rau ntau xyoo kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab ces nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov Soviet tsoom fwv. Tsev Neeg siv tsov rog nyob rau hauv Nizhny Tagil, qhov twg hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum ib Aleksandr Pyatigorsky pib ua hauj lwm tom lub Hoobkas.

Nyob rau hauv 1951 nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub Philosophy kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University thiab raug xa mus rau Stalingrad, qhov uas nws tau qhia nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1973, nws tau tso lub teb chaws thiab nyob ruaj nyob rau hauv ces, qhov uas nws lectured nyob rau University of London thiab tau koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauv TV thiab xov tooj cua cov kev pab cuam. Nws sau tau ob peb daim duab phau ntawv thiab tau luam tawm ib qho zoo kawg npaum li cas ntawm tus kheej collections ntawm scientific cov khoom. Main tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev hauv qab no.

• "Lub philosophy ntawm lub kiag." London 1989.
• "Nco ntsoov tus coj txawv txawv txiv neej." Moscow, 1999.
• "Tales thiab npau suav". Moscow, 2001.
• "Ancient cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub nroog." Moscow, 2001.
• "Lub xav thiab saib." Riga 2002.
• "Incessant sib tham." Moscow, 2004.
• "Dawb philosopher Pyatigorsk". St. Petersburg, 2015.

tsev neeg

Lub txiv ntawm cov philosopher Pyatigorsk - Mauxes Gdalevich Soviet protégé, techie, uas paub txhua yam hais txog cov co thiab steel, qhia nyob rau hauv high school, mus nrhiav kev kawm thiab xyaum, kawm tau los ntawm kev nyob rau hauv factories nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab hais. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis muaj leej twg nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg, xws li Mauxes rau nws tus kheej Pyatigorsk, tsuj yeej tsis tau, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, kev sib raug zoo raws li txoj cai, haiv neeg (cov neeg Yudais) thiab rau ib ntev lub nyob txawv teb chaws. Tus txiv neej yog nyob rau hauv ib lub neej zoo heev kev noj qab nyob, tsuas yog ib nrab ib xyoo tsis nyob mus txog ib puas xyoo. Piv nrog rau nws tus txiv, tuag hluas Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Hnub yug thiab hnub tuag yog cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau eighty-ib xyoos. Cov niam yog tsis yog los ntawm zaum, tiam sis los ntawm ib tug heev nto moo tsev neeg ntawm wealth, tab sis kuj, raws li Alexander Moiseevich, "tuag hluas" - nws tsuas yog yim caum xya.

Sab nraum zoov kev ua ub no

Txij li thaum 1960, nws pib mus rau luam tawm nws phau ntawv, nyob hauv soavstorstve (tab sis yog authorship feem ntau tshwm sim thiab rau tus so ntawm lub neej). Rau siab koom nyob rau hauv Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich thiab tib neeg txoj cai kev ua ub no, nyob rau hauv lub 70 xyoo tau koom tes nyob rau hauv rallies txhawb lub dissident zog, nrog rau nws cov neeg koom - Ginzburg, Sinyavsky, Daniel. Nyob rau hauv 1973, nws muaj peev xwm mus txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws Yelemees, ces - nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United Kingdom. Nrog rau cov restructuring ntawm Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich kuv pib tau txais khoom plig los ntawm lub teb chaws, uas tau sab laug hais txog peb caug xyoo dhau los (Andrei Bely nqi zog rau nws tshiab "Nco ntsoov tus coj txawv txawv txiv neej", lub nqi zog ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Philosophy ntawm Ras).

Zoo paub lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis tshua muaj, xws li Sanskrit thiab Tibetan dialects, txhais Tug hauj thiab Hindu vaj lug kub. Nws tau sau ob peb novels thiab ib tug ntau ntawm kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv daim teb no. Nws tau lectured rau tej yam ntawm nom tswv philosophy nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb, yog ib tug xib fwb nyob rau hauv lub University of London. Starred nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis - "Lub plob hav zoov rau butterflies", "Philosopher dim", "Ntxuav cua koj txoj kev ywj pheej," "Hitler, Stalin, thiab Gurdjieff," "Shantrapa". Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky tuag nyob rau hauv London nyob rau hauv 2009 los ntawm lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm.

Buddhism

"Lub philosophy ntawm tsis muaj kev siv rau tus twg los tau, thiab hais tias yog nws muaj nqis - thiaj li hais tias Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky -. Nws yog vim hais tias nws yog tsim nyog ntawm cov zoo heev thiab ntev-lub sij hawm tib neeg attachments." Nyob rau hauv ob lub xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, tus txawj sau ntawv mus xyuas Moscow ob lub lis piam tau nyeem nyob rau hauv lub New Economic School lectures rau tug hauj philosophy. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm tau ntau yam. Hais txog yuav ua li cas intricately combines tug hauj nco qab thiab science.

Alexander M. ntau lectures nplooj siab mus Is Nrias teb. Nws nyob ntawm no zoo tag nrho kev kawm txog zauv: positional yees calculus, qhia cov kev siv pes tsawg. Txawm li cas los, lawv tus kheej cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso sciences thaum lub Khab muaj, txij thaum cov kev taw qhia ntawm lawv nco qab, tsaug taub lug, psychology, lej, yog heev txawv los ntawm, piv txwv li, tib Greeks ntawm Aristotle lub sij hawm. Lawv yog cov tsis yog li ntawd xav mus koom nyob rau hauv ib tug ntaus ntawv ntawm lub hauv nruab nrog cev ntawm tib neeg thiab tsiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob peb leeg nyob rau hauv lub Cheebtsam ntawm lub roob, swamps thiab jungles. Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, philosophical views uas heev vividly delineated nyob rau hauv cov nthuav lectures, tuav hais tias tsis muaj kab lis kev cai yuav tsum tsis txhob ua ib yam dab tsi ntawm ib tug, vim hais tias nws yuav inevitably ua rau lub degeneration ntawm lub teb chaws.

Down nrog inertia!

Philosopher Alexander Piatigorsky, uas nws biography yog zoo kev cob cog rua nrog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Tibetan tej lus qhia, exhaustively considers scientific kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv Buddhism. Ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm Tibetan lamas, Benefit kawm ntawv, paub ntau dialects ntawm lawv cov lus raws li Sanskrit, Mongolian, Suav, Lus Askiv, nyeem ntawv ntau yam kev cov phau ntawv, txawm Darwin, txawm hais tias nws ntse heev, tsis tshua muaj kev txawj ntse undeveloped. Tab sis cov neeg tib British physicists thiab mathematicians twb lamas ze, thiab lawv cov txawj ntse tau txais los ntawm lawv lub qhov ncauj, lub siab tshaj plaws kev ntsuam xyuas.

European philosophers thiab historians, txawm lub fact tias tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb tso tseg los ntawm kws tshawb fawb, kuj tau pom los ntawm nruab nrab cov neeg. Txoj kev loj hlob raws li to taub philosopher Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, yog thawj zaug thiab foremost nyob rau hauv txoj kev ywj pheej: thawj, muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau nws tus kheej lo lus teb rau lo lus nug, los yog nws tus kheej cov tshuaj rau qhov teeb meem, thiab tib ob, lub peev xwm tam sim ntawd tso tseg lub variant pom nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus tshiab. Uas yog, tsis kam lees yuav tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no communal thiab collective inertia. Niaj hnub nimno noob caj noob ces, lej thiab physics, dhau lawm, pib maj mam tuaj mus xws li ib tug worldview.

teev mob

Alexander Piatigorsky, uas nws biography muaj xws li heev heev mus nrog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm ontological postulates, ntseeg hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua, tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, xws li tej yam ntuj tso, science tuaj mus rau hauv nws cov tshiab thiab ntau paaj rau lub foundations lub sij hawm. Naturalist, raws li ib tug paub txog, chiv tsis dawb, nws kev tshawb fawb yog feem ntau tsis txaus los ntawm ib tug loj loj muab qhov xwm ntawm yam, thiab vim hais tias nws feem ntau pib "seev cev ntawm lub qhov cub."

Tab sis philosophers yog free, lawv yuav muab tsis muaj dab tsi Tsis txhob yig, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm pib los ntawm tej taw tes ntawm kev txawj ntse, uas lawv yuav. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov philosophers tsis nias lub centuries-laus tsim axiom, vim hais tias cov kev kawm xws li, txawm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws twb tsis tau kawm txog. Xws li cov ancient tsev kawm ntawv ntawm philosophy.

ua

Nyob rau hauv lub philosophy ntawm European xav tau rub txoj cai, kev ntseeg, thiab tom qab ntawd Biblical Studies, Hebrew thiab Latin (raws li ib tug tiag tiag hom lus, uas yog dav siv kom txog thaum lub Renaissance). Yuav kom qhov no set ntawm nws thiaj li ntxiv cov tshuaj. Tag nrho cov humanitarian science, tab sis ntshiab philosophy yog tsis nrog lawv, nws twb tsim nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, muaj tus thawj lub rooj zaum ntawm kev kawm philosophy nyob rau hauv Edinburgh. Rau ib qhov chaw nyob rau nws tiv thaiv David Hume thiab Adas Smith. Thiab ces mus rau Kant, Fichte, Hegel, tom qab uas thaum kawg coj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm philosophy raws li ib tug kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Tab sis Buddhists yeej ib txwm philosophized raws li tau piav nyob rau hauv nws lectures Alexander Piatigorsky. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm.

tsis yog ib tug science

Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, cov phau ntawv uas yog mas mob siab rau philosophy, yeej tsis nkees ntawm hais tias nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov high-grade science. Nws twb ntxias hais tias philosophy - qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug science. "Nyob rau hauv lub pantheon ntawm science - nws sau - nws tsis yog ib tug ntsug hierarchy, tab sis, theej ib tug tej yam ntim los yog qhov chaw uas muaj cov tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus, tab sis nws yog qhov chaw uas cov kab lis kev cai ntawm ib qho chaw philosophy occupies ...."

Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, tsis muaj philosophy, tib neeg yuav ciaj sia zoo kawg nkaus. Qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb, piv txwv li, hais txog cov tshuaj.

Ib tug mathematician? Ib tug physics?

Txawm physics, qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov uas tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau ib tug tej yam lem ntawm lub siab, thaum exaggerated, thiab lub ntsiab lus thiab tseem ceeb ntawm yam nws coj mus rau cov neeg, tib neeg yog tsis yog li ntawd tsim nyog, raws li yog feem ntau assumed. Kawg kev tshawb xav nyob rau hauv physics yog tsis tau vim hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xav nyob rau hauv tus txiv neej yuav ua tsis tau tseem. Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, biography uas yog tsim los ntawm cov "tsis tu ncua rog xav txog thiab xav mus xav rau lub thought" Kuv paub tseeb tias qhov kawg kev tshawb xav tias yog li ntawd xav tsim muaj ntau zaum - qhov no tomfoolery, zoo li tsim kiag li ncaj ncees, thaum kawg thiab ntiaj teb no haiv neeg. tib neeg muaj dua them dearly (communism, piv txwv li), tab sis cov neeg yuav tsis tau mus txog rau idyll yuav tsis tau rau qhov no utopia. Lub quest rau lub unattainable qhia tau hais tias tib neeg yog tsis tsuas yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lawv kev txawj ntse ntawv Tuition Waiver, tab sis, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, los ze zog mus rau lub sab saum toj raws li nws tseem contrive obviously impracticable enterprise. Raws li cov philosopher, nws tsis yog phem, raws li txig li cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev correctness - uas yog qhov chaw uas mus rau ntawm txoj kev twb nthuav.

raug lead lom postulates

Ruam txiv neej, raws li Pyatigorsk, yuav ua tau ib tug philosopher, tab sis nws yog tsis tshua muaj tsis zoo li. Tsis muaj nthuav xav tsis pib los ntawm kos. Ib tug txiv neej tsis muaj philosophy yuav koom tsis tau lawv tus kheej philosophy. Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, uas nws tus poj niam tag nrho nws cov lawg hlob hlob hlub los pe hawm, cuaj kaum tsis kam zoo nkauj ib nrab philosophical muaj peev xwm.

Raws li sib cav hero ntawm peb cov tsab xov xwm: cov poj niam, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, nws yog ntau npaum li cas yooj yim los yeej cua, thiab kiag li puas philosophy. Txawm li cas los, ob leeg cov txiv neej tsis yog tag nrho nws yog peculiar. Qhov no yog feem ntau ib tug tsawg tshaj plaws - thiab cov poj niam, thiab cov txiv neej, thiab cov crocodiles. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau kev txawv txav, xws li thaum kawg nyiaj ib tug neeg yuav ib tug khoom qab zib, tsis cij. Philosophy - lub pursuit of non-existent, uas yog zoo dua cia li zoo. Thiab qhov tseeb hais tias cov neeg yuav tsum muaj kev zoo siab, tsis lav kab lus thiab tsis tshua muaj teeb meem. Tej zaum ib tug ntawm ob peb lub tiag tiag ua hauj lwm ntawm philosophy - ua kom puas xws li ib tug lub tswv yim ntau postulates.

Linguistics thiab semiotics

Tus kwv tij rau science kawm Pyatigorsk sau thiab hais lus tsis tshua muaj neeg interesting. Piv txwv li, lub rooj plaub. Philosopher feem Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov lus, thiab nws tus khub, yog li ntawd, philosophy yog heev zoo kev cob cog nrog Sociology thiab linguistics. Muaj ntau hais lus pib lawv hais lus nrog cov lus hais: "nws yog tseeb hais tias ..." los yog "txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias ...". Qhov no yog ib cov lus dag. Tsis muaj dab tsi cuab. Txhua yam nyob rau lub immediacy ntawm peb "xav-Kuv tsis xav tau." Tej rau ib tug txiv neej - tsis txhob xav tias thiab tsis paub dab tsi. Tsis muaj leej twg no twb tsis tau tuag. Leej twg, piv txwv li, tam sim no nco txog tus poj linguists ntawm tus naas ej tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no, "Moscow tus zes"? Tej Lavxias teb sab neeg tsis muaj ib tug tsis paub cov npe: Starostin, Klimov, Yakovlev thiab Polivanov, Abaev ... Thiab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob lauded Lavxias teb sab linguists. Lawv paub txhua yam thiab Jacobson, Reformed, thiab Zalizniak. Muaj puas muaj nplooj siab rau cov neeg no, mus rau rethink lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Cov teeb meem siab rau ntau lectures muab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab universities Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Diam duab ntawm ib co rooj sib tham nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm txuas.

Semiotics Alexander Piatigorsky ua hauj lwm heev dua lwm yam raws li ib tug philosopher. Txawm tias nws lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no nws tsis yog, nws siv nws li ib tug tuam los pab las cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv neighboring sciences. Nws ntseeg hais tias raws li ib tug philosophy, nws yog sib tsis tau, raws li semiotics - qhov no yog pure kev tshawb xav, tab sis nyob rau hauv science muaj ib yam dab tsi pab tau ntau daim ntawv thov: tswv yim kev cai O prognozis xyaum ua tej yam. Tam sim ntawd nws teev uas semiotics yuav pab tau muaj kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv tej cheeb tsam.

Lus thiab leisure

Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, Pyatigorsk chim abundance ntawm jargon nyob rau hauv tus hais lus ntawm ob leeg Lavxias teb sab thiab lus Askiv menyuam kawm ntawv. Thiab cov neeg uas nws niam thiab txiv - mas kawm ntawv cov neeg uas raug tsa nyob rau hauv cov zajlus hero. Thiab nws hloov tawm hais tias cov lus ntawm, hais tias, nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov zoo tshaj plaws tseg cia rau cov tag nrho cov me nyuam ib nrab-kawm ntawv cov neeg - Hoobkas chief engineers los yog artillery majors.

Nws tau pom rau degeneration ntawm cov lus, kom sawvdaws tsis xeeb rau hauv qab thiab ntawm lub ncov, nrog rau cov tsev kawm ntawv professors, thiab cites heev heev piv txwv los ntawm lawv tus kheej kev. Philosophize feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj kev ua si. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws xav yog tau los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj ib tug ntau dawb lub sij hawm. Tib yam siv rau kab lis kev cai thiab science, uas yog tseem yooj yim sua kom muaj tseeb rau cov mus dhia. Xav tau cov tsheb loj thauj neeg ntawm yav dhau los, es ib tug niaj hnub Superjet.

ib tug me ntsis ntawm ib tug tus kheej

Tom qab emigrating rau London nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 70s, nws sau hais tias cov kev tsim txom nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau nws - lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg, nonsense thiab tsis muaj tseeb. Nws cia li xav mus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tiam sis tsis nyob rau hauv tib lub teb chaws. Thiab nws tau tshwm sim. Nws sab laug lub philosopher nrog nws tus tub ntawm nws tus thawj kev sib yuav thiab ib tug me nyuam los ntawm tus thib ob. Hluas tus poj niam, twb cev xeeb tub dua, yog zoo heev. Tom qab ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, thiab nws niam nws txiv tuaj koom lub London tsev neeg. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav ib tug thib peb lub sij hawm thiab pib coj ntau cov xeeb ntxwv. Ntawm no qhov no yog Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich. Tej lub neej twb siv nyob rau hauv kev sib nrig sib hlub nrog tag nrho lawv cov poj niam thiab distinguished general tsev neeg noj qab nyob zoo, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm ntau yam txij ua nkawm. Tej zaum nws yog vim li cas Welfare steel hlub thiab kev loj hlob.