Lub Khoos Loos Tsev theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiaj

Peb lub hlwb yuav xaus hais tias ib tug ntau ntawm txawv kiag li cov khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yuav txwv kom muab zais raws li cov txheej xwm, cais tawm ib co khoom thiab muab lawv mus rau hauv ib pawg. Piv txwv li, tom qab pom ob peb zoo sib xws miv, peb hais tias: "Qhov no yog - lub Siamese miv yug." Lub manifold feline hom yog ib hom ntawm cov tsiaj, lub npe hu ua "domestic miv". Cov kev zoo sib thooj ntawm cov miv, Pallás tus miv, tus tsov txaij thiab tus tsov ntxhuav yuav cia peb muab cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv "miv", thiab feline, nas thiab primate - nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj. Raws li koj tau pom, twb feem ntau ces dag kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ntiaj teb no peb ntes tej theem ntawm cov yam ntxwv lub koom haum ntawm teeb meem.

Lo lus "qauv" nyob rau hauv Latin txhais tau tias ib tug txiav txim qauv, qhov chaw. Nws yuav lam xav tias tus yam ntxwv koom haum ntawm lub elementary ib feem ntawm lub totality ntawm daim ntawv no. Tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua yog li yooj yim: cib tsev muaj cib (nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim yog ib tug keeb ntawm cib thiab lub tsev systems), tab sis tsis muaj pawg ntawm bricks los yog pointless piled roob cib tsev tseem yog tsis tau. Yuav kom ib feem ua hauj lwm kev ncaj ncees ntau ntawm lub koom haum ntawm teeb meem yuav tsum tau subordinated mus rau ib tug tej yam hierarchy thiab yuav tsum yog sis nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Yog hais tias koj ua txhaum deb ntawm lub tsev cib, nws tsis tu tsis tseg rau muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev - li no, lub caij nrog hwm rau system plays ib tug subordinate luag hauj lwm.

Yog li ntawd nws yuav lam xav tias tus yam ntxwv theem ntawm teeb meem yog qhov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus. Ntseeg - yog ib tug yuav tsum muaj hauv paus ntsiab lus: lub sum ntawm cov khoom hais (piv txwv li, bricks) tsis yog tib yam li cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tsev tsev. Lub Khoos Loos Tsev txiav txim txoj kev kom nws stability: sib raug zoo bricks tshuaj, txhawb lub-ru tsev. Lub system muaj ib tug meej hierarchy thiab hierarchy: txhua tus kwv yuav tsum tau ua ib qho lub caij, thiab raws li ib tug tag nrho (e.g., nrog rau kev hwm rau lub cib tsev - qauv, thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub tsev nyob array - caij; kuj cib yog ib tug system nrog hwm rau nws constituent khoom hais) .

Li no rau lo lus nug tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas raws li cov no yog cov ntau yam ntxwv theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm teeb meem? Epicurus sau tias tag nrho cov teeb meem muaj xwb atoms thiab cov tsis muaj dabtsis. Tam sim no science tau mus lawm tom ntej ib tug me ntsis, thiab nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm technology, peb yuav hais tias teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm cov molecules uas ua ke txiav txim rau cov atoms, lawv yog ib cov system ntawm electrons thiab nuclei, thiab nuclei - rau nucleons thiab nucleons - rau quarks. Nyob rau quarks niaj hnub science lawm, tab sis raws nws yog - tsis cov kev txwv. Nws yog tau hais tias ib tug ob peb xyoo lawm, zaum no tau pom txawm me me hais ntawm qhov teeb meem.

Qhov no yog hais tias koj saib tob. Thiab yog hais tias koj saib outwards - uas yog lub loj tshaj plaws, yog xam raws li cov ntsiab ntawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau ntau lub koom haum ntawm teeb meem? Peb ntiaj chaw lub ntiaj teb, nws nyob thiab tswg xwm, ua ke nrog rau lwm cov planets thiab lawv satellites yog ib feem ntawm lub hnub ci system. Lub hnub - tsis lub brightest hnub qub, poob rau ntawm ntug ntawm peb galaxy. Thiab peb galaxy yog nyob rau hauv ib co ruaj khov kev sis raug zoo nrog rau lwm cov galaxies txoj kev nrog lawv Metagalaxy (lub pom ib feem ntawm lub ntug). Puas muaj ib yam dab tsi Supermir, lub theoretical hav zoov uas nws tau hu ua Giordano Bruno nyob rau hauv nws lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau yam universes?

Thiab thaum kawg ib tug ob peb lo lus hais txog cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub ntsiab kev ris txhua theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm teeb meem. Kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv lub hierarchy (nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub "ntsug") yog tsis yog nws. Cov tsiaj qus yog heev daim ntawv cog lus ntawm "kab rov tav", qhov twg lub constituent ntsiab yog tsis subordinate rau ib leeg thiab sib tham, cov yuav txhawb system. Yog li, lub hauv nruab nrog cev nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog tsis inferior mus rau txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb thiab yog tsis raug rau ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv tswg xwm ntau haiv neeg hais, ua lub kaw lus yuav hloov lawv lub zog thiab tau sawv daws yuav tshiab. Ntawm no yog ib tug piv txwv yooj yim: H2O - dej molecule. Hydrogen kub nyhiab, oxygen txhawb lub combustion txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los, ua ke, lawv tsim ib tug yeeb tshuaj, extinguishing qhov hluav taws kub. Yog li, lub system muaj ib co tshiab zog xam qhovkev tsuas mus rau nws raws li ib co sau ua ib pawg.