Peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib-theem tes hauj lwm. Thaiv theem lub cev muaj zog

Muaj tej yam teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub neej thaum twg koj xav kom muaj xws li ib co zoo ntawm industrial cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov dog dig domestic mains mov. Ces muaj ib qho teeb meem nrog tus xov tooj nyob ntawm tej. Nyob rau cov cav tov tsim rau cov lag luam nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, terminals, feem ntau yog peb, thiab tej zaum kuj plaub, thiab. Yuav ua li cas nrog lawv, nyob qhov twg mus cuag lawv? Cov neeg uas tau sim mus sim hom kev xaiv, kom paub tseeb tias cov motors tsis txhob cia li xav mus saws. Yog nws txawm tau mus cuag ib tug ib leeg-theem peb-theem lub cev muaj zog? Yog, koj yuav cuag ib tug kev sib hloov. Tu siab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hwj chim yuav inevitably poob los ntawm yuav luag ib nrab, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm nws yog - tsuas yog txoj kev tawm.

Voltage peb-theem network, thiab lawv piv

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub yuav ua li cas mus cuag ib tug peb-theem lub cev muaj zog rau ib tug pa hluav taws xob, koj yuav tsum to taub yuav ua li cas mus hais txog mus rau hauv lub voltage nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj network. Voltage qhov tseem ceeb yog paub zoo tias - 220 thiab 380 volts. Yav tas los, nws yog tseem 127, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub fifties ntawm qhov kev xaiv no yog tso tseg rau hauv dej siab ntawm ntau siab. Qhov twg puas tau cov "khawv koob tooj"? Yog vim li cas tsis yog 100 los yog 200, los yog 300? Nws nkawd yuav yooj yim dua rau round xov tooj yuav tau xav txog.

Feem ntau ntawm cov muaj hluav taws xob khoom siv yog tsim rau kev twb kev txuas mus rau peb-theem alternating tam sim no. Lub voltage ntawm txhua theem tiv thaiv hauv nruab nrab hlau yog 220 volts, cia li zoo li nyob rau hauv koj lub tsev qhov hluav taws xob. Qhov twg los ntawm 380? Nws yog ib qho yooj yim txaus los xav txog ib tug ceskaum daim duab peb sab nrog cov ces kaum ntawm 60, 30 thiab 30 degrees, uas yog ib tug vector daim duab ntawm voltages. Qhov ntev ntawm lub coos sab yog sib npaug zos rau qhov ntev ntawm tus ncej puab, multiplied by cos 30 °. Tom qab tej yam yooj yim suav yuav pom tias 220 x cos 30 ° = 380.

theem tsav apparatus

Tsis yog txhua txhua hom uas muaj motors yuav ua los ntawm ib tug tib theem. Feem ntau ntawm lawv - lub "workhorses" hais tias ua li feem ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob cav nyob rau hauv tej enterprise - asynchronous cav tov nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 1 - 1.5 Kva. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv peb-theem tshuab, rau cov uas nws yog npaj?

Lub inventor ntawm no revolutionary ntaus ntawv yog tus Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky. Qhov no zoo ua luaj li hluav taws xob engineer yog ib tug supporter ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm peb-theem mains, uas nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm tau ua hom. Asynchronous lub cev muaj zog theem currents hauj lwm los ntawm induction los ntawm cov stator windings ntawm lub rotor conductors raug kaw. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lawv tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug luv luv-circuited windings nyob rau hauv txhua yam uas muaj yog ib tug sib nqus teb uas ua num ua ke nrog lub stator hwj chim kav. Yog li tau torque, ua rau lub yeej suab ntawm lub cev muaj zog axis.

Lub windings cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau ntawm ib kaum sab xis ntawm 120 °, li no yam teb ua los ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov theem sequentially pushes magnetizable txhua sab ntawm lub rotor.

Ib tug daim duab peb sab los yog ib lub hnub qub?

Peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv peb-theem tshuab yuav hloov nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev - nrog rau cov los yog tsis muaj nws. Tus thawj txoj kev no yog hu ua "lub hnub qub" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua txhua tus windings yog nyob rau hauv theem voltage (theem zero) sib npaug zos nyob rau hauv peb tej yam kev mob ntawm 220 V. Thaiv "daim duab peb sab" peb-theem lub cev muaj zog yuav ib tug series kev twb kev txuas ntawm peb windings thiab mov kab (380) lub voltage thoob plaws lub switching ntshav. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv, lub cev muaj zog yuav ua ntau dua los ntawm hais txog ib nrab lub hwj chim.

Yuav ua li cas tig mus rau ntawm lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab?

Control peb-theem lub cev muaj zog tej zaum yuav hais ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia kev sib hloov ntawm nyob rau hauv lub rov qab, ie rov qab. Ua li no, koj cia li xav tau swap lub ob nyob ntawm tej ntawm peb.

Rau kom yooj yim, cov schema hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog davhlau ya nyob twg box yog muab webs, ua feem ntau ntawm tooj liab. Yuav kom tig mus rau ntawm "lub hnub qub" maj mam muab txuas rau lub peb tso zis ntawm tej ntawm lub windings ua ke. "Daim duab peb sab" tau txais ib tug me ntsis ntau tham, tab sis kuj nws thiaj lis tej hluav taws xob theem nrab tsim nyog.

Theem-hloov peev xwm

Yog li ntawd, tej zaum cov nqe lus nug tshwm sim, yuav ua li cas mus cuag ib tug peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib tug pa tsev qhov hluav taws xob. Yog hais tias koj cia li sim mus txuas rau ntsaws ob nyob ntawm tej, nws yuav tsis tig. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ua lag ua luam, nws yog tsim nyog los simulate theem hloov applied voltage ntawm tej lub (dua li 120 °). Yuav kom ua tau qhov no, nej ua tau, yog koj mus thov cov theem-hloov caij. Raws no tej zaum yuav tau thiab inductance, thiab txawm tsis kam, tiam sis feem ntau peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib tug tib theem network yog tshuab txais siv hluav taws xob capacitance (capacitor), xa mus rau nyob rau hauv Latin tsab ntawv C. Schemes

Hais txog daim ntawv sau npe ntawm txhawm chim, yog nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los mus txiav txim vim cov complexity ntawm lawv qhov tseem ceeb (yog hais tias nws yog tsis qhia rau tus ntaus ntawv). Yuav kom ntsuas magnitude L yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv los yog sau rau qhov no tswvyim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev xaiv ntawm muaj txhawm chim feem ntau yog luag. Txawm li cas los, tej kev sim theem-hloov lub caij yuav tuaj tos, tab sis nws yog troublesome.

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim thaum lub engine yog muab rau? Nyob rau ib lub ntawm cov kev twb kev txuas cov ntsiab lus yog noj pes tsawg, nyob rau lwm yam - lub theem, thiab lub thib peb - ib tug tej yam voltage txav los ntawm ib yam lub nrog rau kev hwm mus theem. Clear thiab uas tsis yog-tus kws uas lub cav ua hauj lwm yuav tsis tiav nrog kev hwm rau tus neeg kho tshuab ncej fais fab, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej zaum nws yog txaus sib hloov ntawm lub fact. Txawm li cas los, nyob startup zaum yuav tshwm sim ib co teeb meem xws li qhov uas tsis muaj starting ntsiab lus, muaj peev xwm kom tshem tau cov rotor los ntawm lawv cov rooj zaum. Yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no?

pib capacitor

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm start-up ncej ntxiv dag zog yuav tsum tau los mus kov yeej cov rog ntawm inertia thiab zoo li qub tsis sib haum xeeb. Yuav kom nce lub zog, nws yog tsim nyog rau nruab ib tug ntxiv capacitor kev cob cog rua rau hauv Circuit Court tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub caij pib, ces switched tawm. Rau cov hom phiaj, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv no yog siv lub kaw pushbutton txoj hauj lwm. Thaiv daim duab rau peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nrog ib tug pib capacitor yog qhia hauv qab no, nws yog yooj yim thiab straightforward. Thaum lub sij hawm uas tso npe thov voltage yuav tsum nias rau ntawm "Start" khawm, thiab pib capacitor yuav tsim ntxiv theem ua haujlwm. Tom qab lub engine untwisted mus rau lub kev kawm ceev khawm, koj yuav (thiab yuav tsum tau) cia mus thiab cia li ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court.

Muab xam los ntawm cov capacitance qhov tseem ceeb

Yog li ntawd, peb pom hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pab tau tus peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv ib-theem tes hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ntxiv thaiv daim duab nyob rau hauv uas, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub caij pib khawm, muaj xws li ob capacitors. Lawv yuav tsum paub cov nqi, txwv tsis pub lub kaw lus yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Yuav pib nrog peb txhais tau hluav taws xob capacitance nqi yuav tsum tau mus yuam kom cov rotor mus rub tam sim ntawd. Kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nws yog lub sum ntawm:

C = Cm + Cp, qhov twg:

C v - pib ntxiv switchable capacitance tom qab takeoff;

C p - cov ua hauj lwm capacitor, uas muab kev sib hloov.

Tsis tau peb yuav tsum tau tus nqi ntawm cov nyob tam sim no kuv n (nws yog muab teev rau ib daim ntawv lo uas txuas mus rau lub engine ntawm lub Hoobkas). Qhov no parameter kuj yuav txiav txim siv straightforward mis:

Kuv N = P / (3 x U), qhov chaw uas:

U - lub voltage ntawm txuas "lub hnub qub" - 220, thiab yog hais tias lub "daim duab peb sab", lub 380 V;

P - hwj chim peb-theem lub cev muaj zog, nws yog tej zaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis plaques txiav txim los ntawm lub qhov muag.

Yog li ntawd, nyob ntawm seb qhov yuav tsum tau kev khiav hauj lwm lub hwj chim yog xam los ntawm:

Cp = Cp = 2800 N I / U - rau "Star";

C p = 4800 N I / U - rau "daim duab peb sab";

Pib capacitor yuav tsum ntau dua li cov ua hauj lwm ntawm 2-3. Unit ntawm kev ntsuas - microfarad.

Muaj heev heev yooj yim txoj kev los mus laij lub capacitance: C = P / 10, tab sis qhov no mis muab qhov kev txiav txim tus xov tooj es nws tus nqi. Txawm li cas los, cov mess nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nws yog tsim nyog.

Yog vim li cas xav tau hloov

Cov kev xam saum toj no yog approximations. Firstly, lub nominal tus nqi rau lub tsev ntawm qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm tej zaum yuav txawv ntau heev ntawm lub txoos. Secondly, daim ntawv capacitors (feem ntau hais lus, ib tug tshaj plaws tsis pheej yig) yog nquag siv ob txhais tes, thiab lawv yog cov tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm cov lwm yam khoom, kev kawm rau cov laus, uas ua rau yus txawm ntau dua deflection ntawm hais tias parameter. Peb, cov tam sim no uas yuav tau noj los ntawm lub engine nyob rau tus neeg kho tshuab load rau tus ncej, thiab vim li no nws yuav tsuas ntsuam xyuas experimentally. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws?

Nws yuav tsum tau ib tug me ntsis ntawm kev ua siab ntev. Cov yuav ua tau heev voluminous txheej capacitors kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus thiab nyob rau hauv series. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - tom qab tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm zoo rau kev txhim kho, thiaj li tsis mus poob tawm los ntawm lub soldered xaus ntawm lub deeg emanating los ntawm lub engine. Thiab ces tsis muaj teebmeem yuav rov los xyuas txog cov kev tshwm sim thiab tejzaum nws mus piv rau tus qauv siv.

Yog nqus tau los ntawm lub roj teeb ntim

Yog hais tias lub pov tseg ntawm lub masters yog tsis muaj tshwj xeeb electrolytic mub, uas tso cai rau los mus ntsuas tam sim no tsis rhuav lub chains, nws yog tsim nyog mus cuag ib tug ammeter nyob rau hauv series nrog txhua hlau, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub peb-theem lub cev muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv ib-theem network yuav ntws tag nrho cov nuj nqis, thiab cov kev xaiv ntawm capacitors yuav tsum siv zog rau lub feem ntau niaj hnub loading coils. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias thaum daisy tag nrho capacitance txo raws li cov kev cai lij choj:

1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 ... thiab thiaj li nyob, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus - nyob rau tsis tooj, nws tsim.

Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog tej qho tseem ceeb tsis raws li lub voltage rau lub capacitor yog xam. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsawg tshaj li tus nominal tus nqi ntawm lub network, thiab nws yog zoo dua rau cia.

paug resistor

Scheme theem lub cev muaj zog txuas nrog ntawm ib theem thiab hauv nruab nrab neeg xyuas pib, tej zaum supplemented kuj. Nws ua hauj lwm pab xyuas kom meej tias nyob rau lub pib capacitor yog tsis sau xwb seem tom qab lub tshuab twb tau muab tawm. No lub zog yuav ua rau hluav taws xob poob siab, tsis txaus ntshai, tab sis heev unpleasant. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb, yuav tsum tau mus tib seem nrog lub starting capacitance mus cuag ib tug resistor (y electrician yog hu ua "shunt"). Tus nqi ntawm nws cov kuj yog ntau dua - los ntawm ib nrab mus Meg Meg, thiab qhov luaj li cas ntawm nws yog me me, yog li zoo nkauj thiab poluvattnoy lub hwj chim. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias cov neeg siv yog tsis ntshai yuav tsum tau "de", uas tsis muaj qhov no kom meej yog tseem ua tau kom ua li cas.

siv electrolytes

Raws li twb tau sau tseg, cov zaj duab xis los yog daim ntawv capacitances kim muas, thiab lawv yog cov tsis raws li yooj yooj yim li peb xav. Koj yuav ua kom muaj ib zaug xwb-theem kev twb kev txuas ntawm peb-theem motors siv pheej yig thiab muaj electrolytic capacitors. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, heev npaum li cas pheej yig dua, lawv kuj yuav tsis tau, raws li los mas 300 volts DC. Muaj kev nyab xeeb yog vim li cas, lawv yuav tsum tau shunted semiconductor diode (D 245 thiab D 248, piv txwv li), tab sis nws yog pab tau kom koj nco ntsoov hais tias tus alternating voltage tau txais mus rau lub ntsha, thiab nws yog thawj xav ua cua sov rau ntawm ib tug allergic ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm, thiab ces tawg, nrov nrov thiab impressive. Yog li ntawd, tshwj tsis yog tias tsim nyog kiag li, nws yog zoo dua siv lub tib lub daim ntawv hom capacitors, lub voltage yog tsawg kawg yog tsis tu ncua, tab sis yog nce mus nce los. Ib txhia masters heev cia siv ntawm electrolytes nyob rau hauv lub pib Circuit Court. Vim luv luv-term raug rau ib tug alternating voltage, tej zaum lawv yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm kom tawg. Nws yog zoo dua tsis mus xyaum ua tej.

Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj capacitors

Qhov twg zoo tib yam cov pej xeem uas tsis muaj kev nkag tau rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws-muag hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob qhov chaw, yuav tau lawv? Thaum mub ciaj uas muag thiab "dev mub kev lag luam". Muaj lawv, saib xyuas vypayat ib tug neeg lub (feem ntau yog neeg laus) ob txhais tes ntawm cov laus ntxuav machines, televisions thiab lwm yam luam tawm cov khoom ntawm tsev neeg thiab lub tsev thiab industrial technology. Nug rau cov khoom uas Soviet lawm ntau: sellers paub tias yog hais tias qhov khoom no puas tsim nyog, nws yuav yuav, thiab yog hais tias tsis - thiab lub txiaj ntsim yuav tsis siv. Nws tshwm sim hais tias cia li mus khaws necessities (nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus capacitor) yog cia li tsis. Thiab yog dab tsi koj ua li cas? Nws tsis! Nqis los thiab resistors, tsuas tau haib, dua li tej hub thiab vitrified. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus zoo tagnrho kuj (active) theem tsis ceev, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog tsis zoo tag nrho, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog ib qhov zoo. Txhua lub cev lub cev muaj ib tug self-inductance, hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm thiab resistivity, muab nws ib tug me me speck ntawm hmoov av los yog ib tug lossis loj roob. Txoj siav lub peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub nplos yuav tau los ntawm kev hloov lub capacitor impedance nyob rau saum toj no Schemes, lub denomination uas yog xam los ntawm cov mis:

R = (0,86 x U) / Ki, wherein:

Ki - tus nqi ntawm cov tam sim no rau peb-theem kev twb kev txuas, thiab;

U - peb loyal 220 volts.

Yuav ua li cas xyaw yuav txoj kev?

Ua ntej koj yuav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj lub cev muaj zog uas txawj ntse tswv npaj rau siv raws li ib tug tsav rau ib tug sib tsoo log, yeej pom, xyaum xovxwm los yog lwm yam tej pab tsev ntaus tsis raug mob yuav tau xav txog nws applicability rau lub hom phiaj no. Tsis yog txhua tus yog ib tug peb-theem lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv tib theem mov yuav ua hauj lwm rau tag nrho cov. Piv txwv li, ib tug series ntawm MA (nws nas-tawb rotor nrog ob tawb) yuav tsum muab deleted thiaj li tsis tau lug tsev ib tug txiav txim thiab puas muaj ceeb thawj. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nws yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej xyaum ua tej yam, los yog caw ib tug tej tus neeg, hluav taws xob, piv txwv li, thiab mus tham nrog rau lawv ua ntej koj yuav. Heev haum peb-theem asynchronous lub cev muaj zog series UAD, APN, AO2, ob leeg-Tshuag lub tuam txhab thiab, ntawm chav kawm, thiab A. Cov codes qhia rau cov nameplate.