Pavel Egorovich Chekhov: A Biography. Chekhov tsev neeg. Leej Txiv Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

Leej Txiv Antona Pavlovicha Chehova, Paul Nej, tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1825 nyob rau hauv nrog. Olhovatka. Chekhov tsev neeg twb serfs. Lub tsev kawm ntawv P. E. Chehov kawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv, hu nkauj, txawj nkauj laus ncas. Los ntawm 1840 nws kawm nyob rau tom lub qab zib Hoobkas nyob rau hauv nws lub zos Chertkov.

yau xyoo

Txij li thaum 1841 nws los ua ib tug dawb neeg pluag, ua tsaug rau nws tus txiv, ces ntxiv nws rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm townspeople Rostov. Ib xyoo tom qab ntawd nws twb surpassed lub bulls los ntawm lawv lub zos mus Moscow, qhov twg nws ntse muag rau lawv.

Nyob rau hauv 1844, tus txiv txiav txim siab mus Paul Zhukovsky Kobylinu I. E. (Taganrog ua lag luam). Tsawg tshaj li ib xyoo raws li Chekhov yog nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm nws chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm sab.

ib xyoos tom qab, Paul Egorovich Chekhov (1825-1898 GG) ua si lub tshoob, nws xaiv yog Morozova Evgenia Yakovlevna. Tom qab ntawd, nws muab nws rau tej qub txeeg qub: Alexander, Nicholas, Anton, Ivan, Maria thiab Michael. Yog li, lub Chekhov tsev neeg yog loj thiab tus phooj ywg.

Mus ntxiv rau ntse tsim lawv cov lag luam tawm, nws yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lub bourgeois chav kawm ntawv. 21.07.1858 Mr. Pavel Egorovich twb muab tsub lub title ntawm ua lag luam ntawm peb guild. Ib xyoo tom qab, nws pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov nyob qib ntawm lub thib ob guild, uas them ntau tshaj rau kaum xyoo.

Tab sis lag luam tsis yog lub tsuas Chekhov tus txoj hauj lwm, nws kuj tau coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug ua ub no ntawm lub nroog. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1866, Paul Egorovich Chekhov raug tsa ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov lag luam tawm deputation, plaub lub xyoos tom qab ntawd nws twb muab tsub lub tshuaj daim ntawv teev. Nyob rau hauv 1871 nws muab tsub lub puav pheej.

tsev neeg puas

1876 yog ib tug yooj yim ib qho rau Paul Zhukovsky tsev neeg, nws twb nyuaj siab heev. Qhov no yog vim tus poob kev lag luam tawm nyob rau hauv Taganrog, Rostov txij li thaum muab kev tsheb ciav hlau lem ntawm lub sij hawm no. Tsis tas li ntawd, Paul Egorovich Chekhov, A. P. Chehova txiv, them los tsim kom tau ib lub tsev rau nws tsev neeg, tab sis lub defaulting neeg ua huaj lwm tau teem siab dhau heev lawm ib tug nqi rau cov kev siv.

Tag nrho cov no tsav lub tsev neeg mus rau hauv cov nuj nqis. Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, uas nws biography yog qhov nyuaj heev, yuav tsum tau tawm rau Moscow. Muaj nws nyob rau hauv cov neeg txom nyem rau ntau tshaj ib xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv 1877 nws tau los ua ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv lub lag luam IE Gavrilova. Muaj txiv Chehova A. P. ua hauj lwm rau ntau tshaj kaum peb xyoos.

Los ntawm 1892 nws tau tsiv mus rau Melikhovo qub txeeg qub tes Antona Pavlovicha Chehova. Muaj nws coj kev khwv nyiaj txiag, saib tom qab lub vaj, kuv khaws cia ib tug chaw muag mis nyuj, kawm tag nrho cov ntawv xov xwm thiab paub A. P. Chehova txog cov khoom.

Qhov ua rau ntawm kev tuag ntawm Paul Zhukovsky tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug hai lag luam nyob rau hauv 1898, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv Moscow. Muaj nws raug faus nyob rau hauv lub Novodevichy toj ntxas.

tus poj niam

Evgeniya Yakovlevna Chehova (Morozov) yog tus poj niam ntawm Paul Zhukovsky. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, peb twb tau qhia nyeem thiab sau ntawv rau nws ib luv luv lub sij hawm thiab nyob rau hauv tsev.

Tsis ua li cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm kaum ob, nws poob nws tus txiv. Nws tsev neeg tau yuam kom tsiv mus nyob rau Taganrog, qhov chaw uas nws raug xa mus rau lub koom haum rau Noble Maidens Kurilova. Muaj, nws tau mastered rau lub zoo tus cwj pwm zoo, lub suab nrov tau raug cob qhia ua las voos.

Lub sij hawm puas tsev neeg Eugene Y. tau nyiaj dhau los heev, tab sis yeej ib txwm ntseeg nyob rau hauv nws tus txiv thiab txhawb tag nrho nws cov thawj kauj ruam. Coj tsev neeg nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab Melikhovo nws coj li.

Zoo Heev cov niam txiv, Paul Egorovich Chekhov, Evgeniya Yakovlevna Chehova siab npaum li cas lub sij hawm mus rau lub upbringing thiab kev kawm ntawv ntawm lawv cov me nyuam. Eugene Y. yog heev hospitable, maj mam thiab rhiab poj niam. Kuv paub tias txhua tus me nyuam hlub nws nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv lem, nws tsis muab tej yam favorites ntawm lawv, thiab nws txoj kev hlub rau cov me nyuam muab tag nrho thiab txhua tus neeg.

Tuag overtook nws ua ntej lub 83-xyoo-laus lub hnub yug, yog vim li cas rau cov uas yog ib tug mob loj.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, Anton Pavlovich Chehov yog tsis tau ib zaug hais tias cov txuj ci nws tau txais los ntawm nws tus txiv thiab los ntawm nws niam nws coj qhov zoo tshaj plaws - nws tus plig.

Pavel Egorovich Chekhov. Cov me nyuam. Lub eldest tus tub ntawm Alexander

Lub eldest tus tub ntawm Paul Zhukovsky Alexander yug nyob rau hauv 1855, nws yog ib tug txawj sau ntawv. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm high school nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Taganrog thiab yeej ib tug silver puav pheej. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd, Alexander mus rau Moscow tuaj koom lub Physics thiab Lej kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 27 xyoo nws tau ntse ua tiav qhov kev cob qhia.

Nyob rau hauv nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv xyoo ua hauj lwm nrog ntau ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine, nws coj cov thawj thwmsim ntawm Anton Pavlovich.

Nyob rau hauv 1881 nws pib cohabit nrog cov kabmob AI-Sokolnikova Khrushchev. Nws yuav tsis yuav nws vim hais tias Tula sab ntsuj plig Consistory tsis tau muab kev tso cai rau sib nrauj los ntawm nws tus txiv, yog li foom phem rau nws rau perpetual tsis pw ua ke. Qhov no tsis tiv thaiv ob tug lovers muaj qub txeeg qub teg (Anton thiab Nikolai).

Plaub lub xyoos tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv Taganrog, St. Petersburg thiab Novorossiysk kev lis kev cai. Qhov no tau tshuav ib tug tsis zoo imprint rau nws ua hauj lwm, vim hais tias nws yuav luag txawb nws. Nyob rau hauv 1886 Anton Alexander pab tau rau txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm.

Ob xyoos tom qab, nws poob nws tus poj niam, thiab nyob rau hauv 1889 yuav txiv rau N. A. Golden, uas yog tus governess ntawm nws cov me nyuam. Nws muab nws ib tug thib peb tus tub - Michael.

Nicholas

Nikolai Pavlovich Chekhov yug nyob rau hauv 1858, nws yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus artist. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub 5 qauv sau ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Taganrog. Tom qab ntawd nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm painting, knitting thiab Architecture nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Thaum tseem muaj ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nws pib ib qho kev kawm draftsman thiab cartoonist nyob rau hauv phau ntawv kawm lus piv txwv txog tej hauj lwm ntawm Anton Chekhov.

Nws ntau-txoj cai tus poj niam yog AA-Ipatief ntawm Golden. Txawm tias nws softness, nws haus ib tug ntau. Kev noj coj mus rau nws txoj kev tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug es thaum ntxov xyoo.

Anton

Anton Pavlovich Chehov yug nyob rau hauv 1860. Nws yog ib tug naas ej novelist thiab playwright.

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chav xyaum tes taw tsis tiv thaiv nws pab Povlauj Egorovichu nyob rau hauv tsev muag khoom noj. Ntse tas tus thawj theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv, los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm cov kev kho mob kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow University.

Nws thawj thawj cov ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv "Qaus liv" magazine twb mus txog lub hnub nyoog ntawm nees nkaum. Thiab nws ho tsis nres thiab txuas ntxiv mus yuav luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom ntawm lub ces nyob rau hauv ntau yam pseudonyms.

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau coj mus rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tus kws kho mob, tsis tau tawm hauv nws phau ntawv sau cov hauj lwm.

Raws li nws muab nws tus thawj ua si "txiv ntxawm Vanya" lub hnub nyoog ntawm 27. Nyob rau hauv 1890, Sakhalin koom kev faib thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg raug kaw, cov phau ntawv "Sakhalin Island" twb tso tawm tom qab.

Tom qab peb caug xyoo ntawm Anton Pavlovich Chehov los ua lub npe hu thiab hwm txawj sau ntawv, txawj nyeem ntawv hlub nws ua hauj lwm.

Tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm lub 41 nws sib yuav, nws xaiv yog Olga Knipper. Olga yog ib tug neeg uas Glazov, nws tus txiv yog ib tug engineer. Nws ua ua luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv productions ntawm Chekhov. Lawv tau ntsib nyob rau hauv 1898 nyob rau hauv ib tug rehearsal ua yeeb yam ntawm "Lub Seagull", "King ntawm Fyodor Ivanovich."

Chekhov yog kev hlub thaum xub thawj pom thiab twb ntaus los ntawm nws lub suab, nom tswv cajceg, lub siab dawb paug. Olga nws tus kheej twb hais tias los ntawm lub caij pib ceev complex knot ntawm nws lub neej. Tu siab, lub sib yuav tsis kav ntev.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 44 xyoo, tuberculosis coj nws mus rau txoj kev tuag. Tus kws sau ntawv yog faus, ib yam li nws txiv, Paul Egorovich Chekhov, lub Novodevichy toj ntxas.

Ivan

Ivan Pavlovich yug nyob rau hauv 1861 thiab ua hauj lwm tag nrho nws lub neej kws qhia ntawv. Thaum tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau Moscow, nws nyob rau hauv nws hometown thiab khi phau ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum-yim, nws tau qhia nyob rau hauv Voskresensk. Tom qab ua hauj lwm muaj rau tsib lub xyoos, nws tau mus Moscow, qhov uas nws coj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab kuj tau qhia.

Tag nrho nws lub neej nws khuv xim tias nws yuav tsis tau txais txawm tias ib tug high school kawm ntawv, thiab koom nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej-kev txhim kho. Tsis zoo li Nicholas, nws ua cim yog txawv hardness thiab imperiousness.

Nyob rau hauv 1893, nyob rau hauv Melikhovo muaj nws kab tshoob nrog S. V. Andreevoy.

Maria

Maria Pavlovna yug nyob rau hauv 1863, nws yog lub npe hu ua ib tug artist thiab tus kws qhia ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm cuaj mus kawm thaum pib ntawm lub Taganrog ntxhais lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Tom qab koj tsiv mus Moscow, ntse tiav Filaretovskiy diocesan poj niam kawm ntawv qib siab. Tom ntej no kawm tiav senior poj niam keeb kwm thiab kev cai kawm Guerrier. Yuav kom 41 xyoo ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws qhia ntawv ntawm keeb kwm thiab liaj ia ntawm ib tug hluas nkauj lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv koom painting thiab kawm nyob rau Stroganov School. Mary kuj ntse kawm nyob rau hauv lub studio ntawm AA Hotyaintsevoy. Tuag Antona Pavlovicha Chehova sim hawm caij nyoog nws mus rau luam tawm phau ntawv sau tej hauj lwm ntawm nws tus tij laug, nws tau tsim ib lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm tus kws, qhov chaw uas nws yog tus thawj coj. Qhov ua rau ntawm nws txoj kev tuag yog ib tug plawv nres.

Michael

Mikhail Pavlovich yug nyob rau hauv 1868, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug tij laug, nws twb koom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Moscow tau ntse kawm tiav los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm cai lij choj nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tax-them soj ntsuam, ces mus rau hauv lub Yaroslavl Exchequer department.
Creativity nws kwv nws tij sim hawm caij nyoog rau nws mus koom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam cov phau ntawv Magazine. Tab sis nws twb tsis luam tawm nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej npe, thiab xaiv lub pseudonym "M. Bohemian ".

Creativity yog nws lub caij: nws kos duab zoo, yuav yooj yim ua si qhov piano, twb koom nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tseeb sau ntawv (dab neeg, kwv huam, translations). Tom qab, Chekhov sau tau ib cov encyclopedia - ib phau ntawv "Nyob rau Chekhov".

Leej Txiv - Egor Mihaylovich Chehov

Leej Txiv Chehova P. E. tag nrho lub neej yog ib tug serf Chertkovs. Nws khwv tau ib tug nyob rau hauv arable ua liaj ua teb, thiab ces pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug qab zib Hoobkas Chertkovs. Tom qab, muaj ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg teev ntawv.

Nws tus poj niam yog E. E. Shimko, uas tau muab nws plaub qub txeeg qub teg (Michael Paul, Mitrofan, Alexander). Yegor Mikhailovich twb zoo kawm nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv thiab zoo saib xyuas ntawm lawv cov me nyuam. Nws twb nyuaj heev-ua hauj lwm, muaj zog-willed thiab thrifty txiv neej. Vim hais tias ntawm cov qualities nws muaj peev xwm mus yuav nws tsev neeg thiab ua ib tug dawb neeg pluag.

Tom qab nws tso tawm, Yegor Mikhailovich pib muag nees, los ua ib tug philistine thiab yuav ib tug me me lub tsev rau nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Taganrog. Txawm li cas los, lub nroog tsis tuaj mus rau nws los, thiab tus so ntawm nws lub neej nws siv nyob rau hauv lub zos.