Tsim, Tsev kawm ntawv qib thiab universities
Paris Sorbonne University: keeb kwm, nto moo kawm tiav
Cov Qub ntiaj teb lub teb chaws ntawm lawv kev vam meej kev kawm ntawv system yuav khav ntawm xwb ib ob peb. Tsis ceeb, lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Paris Sorbonne University yog qhov kev txaus siab ntawm Fabkis. Lub centuries-laus kev lig kev cai ntawm kev kawm ntawv tsim tebchaws teb ntawm Voltaire thiab Jean-Jacques Rousseau rau cov nyob qib ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub teb chaws rau txoj kev kawm. Honore de Balzac, Viktor Gyugo, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva thiab ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb npe noj peb caug lub legendary phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv.
Paris tsev kawm ntawv - ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe
Rau hnub tim, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov muaj feem thib xaiv ntawm Parisian high school yog cov kev dawb nkag tau mus paub tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm ntawv thiab lub zos thiab cov qhua nyob deb deb afield.
Nco ntsoov, yog tus feem ntau prestigious university nyob rau Fabkis, lub Sorbonne - ib qho chaw ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm lab ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm lub European lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Universite de Paris - ib tug ntau dua kev kawm ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv uas muaj ib tug nplua nuj keeb kwm. Pib los ntawm nyob rau hauv lub 1215 founding hnub, nws creators twb xav li cas txog qhov tseeb hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv tau nrhiav ib tug ntiaj teb no tiag thoob ntiaj teb teev. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub XIII xyoo pua nyob rau hauv txhua tus uas twb muaj lawm faculties (cov tshuaj, kev cai lij choj, cov kawm Askiv thiab kev ntseeg) twb qhia tsis tau tsuas yog Fabkis tab sis kuj Flemish, Germans thiab British.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub University los ntawm heev thaum pib
University of Paris nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm nws lub neej dhau ob peb tseem ceeb sij hawm. Qhib tsev kawm ntawv yog nyob rau hauv 1258. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov thawj lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib kawm ntawv qib siab rau cov neeg pluag me nyuam kawm ntawv tau koom Robert de Sorbon.
Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm, lub Sorbonne tau tshiab thiab nthuav. Meanwhile, lub Fabkis kiv puag ncig nres lub scientific lub neej nyob rau hauv Paris kom txog rau thaum lub 20-ies ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Haum lub sij hawm ntev yog ib tug ntawm cov uas lub universities nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm ib tug ntev thiab sib sib zog nqus pw tsaug zog. Txawm li cas los, nrog cov lus qhib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ceeb kev hloov muaj npaum li cas qhov chaw dua. Tom qab ib tug ob peb decades, radical kho tau tu txiv hmab txiv ntoo: lub Fabkis University tau ua tus loj tshaj plaws kev kawm center.
Drastic kho kom zoo qauv thiab nta Sorbonne
Cov tom ntej no historic kauj ruam transformation ntawm lub Sorbonne los ua tus txheej xwm ntawm 1968. Loj heev menyuam kawm ntawv ntaus uas muaj arisen vim lub "Tej zaum kiv puag ncig" riots coj mus rau ib tug kev optimization ntawm txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, qhov loj tshaj plaws tsev kawm ntawv tau muab faib mus rau hauv ib tug neeg feem, txhua tus uas muaj tus txheej xwm ntawm ib tug yooj yim lub tsev kawm ntawv.
13 University of Paris - Sorbonne yog ib tug tshiab qauv, extant. Nws yog tsim nyog los piav ntau zog ntxiv rau tag nrho cov ntsiab ntsiab ntawm lub Fabkis kawm ntawv qib siab system.
Tus thawj tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Paris
Pantheon-Sorbonne. University of Paris Kuv muaj ntau faculties ntawm Humanities thiab Sciences. Txhua txhua xyoo, cov kawm ntawv tiav ntau tshaj 10 000 cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm ntau cov cheeb tsam:
- keeb kwm;
- geography;
- kev khwv nyiaj txiag;
- kawm txog zauv;
- philosophy;
- kev tswj;
- archeology;
- tourism thiab thiaj li nyob. d.
Nws kuj ntse ua hauj lwm ib tug network ntawm tsev muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev kawm raws li txoj cai cov tub txawg, ntawv kho mob, ntsuam xyuas nyiaj thiab kev lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub bachelor degree tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj lub sij hawm mus rau nkag mus ncaj qha mus rau lub thib ob xyoo MSc.
Assas, lub Sorbonne thiab khoom Tshiab Rene Dekart
Pantheon-Assas. Nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm kev cai lij choj kev kawm ntawv no lub tsev kawm ntawv - lub undisputed thawj coj. Tshaj yav dhau los ob peb xyoo lawm, nws yuav siv sij hawm confidently tus ua txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov tshwj xeeb raws li txoj cai Fabkis universities.
Tshiab Sorbonne. Cov kuj txaj muag me me thiab tsawg lub tsev kawm ntawv cov vaj tse tsis ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov lus university. Tam sim no tuav txig nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam ntawm lub Sorbonne xav txog 20 000 tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog tsis muaj sib npaug zos rau no tsev kawm ntawv thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub humanities xws li zaj duab xis kev tshawb fawb, ua yeeb yam, phonetics, hauv xov xwm, cov ntaub ntawv, phonetics, thiab tshaj.
Paris-Sorbonne University. University of Paris IV specializes nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm lub txiv plig thiab txawj ntse. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus philosophy, kev cai dab qhuas kev tshawb fawb, Sociology thiab archeology, ntau tshaj 20,000 tus menyuam kawm ntawv kawm lwm hom lus, yog kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm txoj kev tswj thiab kev sib txuas lus, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov koom haum ntawm lub cev kev kawm thiab kev ua si.
Paris-Descartes. Cov tom ntej no lub caij ntawm lub hauv paus system ntawm kev kawm ntawv, uas ua kev pab kho mob cov tub txawg. University, muaj npe tom qab Rene Dekarta, los ntawm xyoo mus rau xyoo yog nrhiav neeg ua hauj rau ntau yam specializations, noj nyob rau hauv lawv cov phab ntsa txog 30 000 tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Ntawm no yuav tau txais tag nrho cov neeg uas ncaj qha los yog kov npaj txoj kev mus cuag kuv lub neej nrog tshuaj: cov kws kho hniav, tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv kev kho mob txoj cai, kws muab tshuaj, psychologists, homeopaths, etc ...
Sim kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov Sorbonne
Cov nram qab no peb universities nyob rau hauv Paris, tau hais khov kho kev coj tus kheej lub npe "Sorbonne", yog theej loj kev tshawb fawb chaw. Peb yuav tau tham txog lub tsev kawm ntawv Pierre thiab Marie Curie University of Paris VII - Diderot thiab Vincennes - Saint-Denis. Lawv specialization yog ib tug leej science, tshuaj, odontology.
Ntawm cov nyiaj txiag thiab kev cai lij choj tebchaws ntawm lub Sorbonne yuav tsum tau singled tawm Paris-Dauphine thiab Nanterre-La kws muaj txuj ci. Tus thawj yog unconditional thiab suab tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws hom tsev kawm ntawv, ua txhaum tsuas yog rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nanterre-La kws muaj txuj ci yog tsis muaj tsawg prestigious university nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, muaj ib tug Law kws qhia ntawv thiab yog nto moo rau nrauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ob peb lwm hom lus.
Paris-South. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau nkag mus rau lub professions muaj feem xyuam rau lub sciences. Feem ntau tau txais lub npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev kawm tsev nyob rau hauv Fabkis.
Val-de-Marne. Nws yog lub npe hu no university thoob plaws teb chaws Europe. Nws muaj 7 faculties los ntawm kev cov thawj coj, managers thiab civil txib.
Paris-North. Cov yav tas, lub 13th university nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis capital. Nws muaj xws li 5 active faculties, qoj qhia humanitarian, kev, economic thiab natural sciences, thiab lub koom haum ntawm Galileo.
University of Paris muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cov qauv, nyob rau hauv uas qhov chaw ntawm yawm belongs rau lub high school. Diploma ntawm xws tsev yog muaj nuj nqis heev txaus thoob plaws lub xeev. Tus thawj tsev kawm ntawv pib tsim tau pib ntev ua ntej cov Fabkis kiv puag ncig. Thaum kawg ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua tsuas lub tsev kawm ntawv yog tsim los pab, thiab ib tug me ntsis tom qab - lub tsev kawm ntawv dorogostroeniya. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias mus tau rau hauv nom tswv los yog cov lag luam loj yuav tsuas yuav dua cov theem ntawm kev kawm thiab lub tsim ntawm cov niaj hnub muaj kev vam meej tus neeg. Honorable mas suav hais tias lub siab tshaj plaws kev qhia (Ecole Normale) thiab agronomic tsev kawm ntawv. Institutions kev kawm politicians thiab pej xeem ua hauj lwm - Lub teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Administration, nws yog lub feem ntau prestigious kev kawm lub tsev ntawm no hom.
University cov tsev qiv ntawv
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txhob hais txog lub Sorbonne tsev qiv ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1770, nws ua ntej tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej nyeem ntawv chav tag nrho nqhis dej rau kev txawj ntse. Txij li thaum lub qhib ntawm kev nkag tau mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv tso cai yuav tsum tau cov kev qhua tsis tau tsuas yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov mej zeej ntawm lub qhia neeg ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj zoo tib yam neeg uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau kev kawm ntawv nyob rau Sorbonne. Tus thawj phau ntawv tso nyiaj Tshuag yog heev ib impressive xov tooj ntawm txawv tagnrho - hais txog 20 txhiab luam. Tu ncua Iwj daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv tso cai rau sum txog qhov zoo puab - twb yog cov 1936 nyob rau hauv nws cov bookshelves txuag hais txog ib tug lab tagnrho.
Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub sib tsub sib nias yuav tsum tau hu ua tias nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm cov thawj coj ntawm tsev, nws twb txiav txim siab los hloov lub siab thiab cozy cov quav hauv lub nyeem cov chav nyob rau hauv tsawg xis ntoo tej. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lawv pom, pab kom txawm peem rau cov uas ploj lawm qhov chaw, txij li thaum txhua txhua xyoo lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib loj hlob nyob rau hauv geometric kev vam meej. Rau hnub tim, lub rooj sib tham nyob rau Sorbonne nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse ua hauj lwm yog cov coob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Nta ntawm kev kawm nyob rau hauv Paris
Yuav tsum xyuam xim kuj mus rau lub mechanism ntawm realization ntawm kev kawm kev ua si, uas yog ncaj rau tus Sorbonne. Lub University ua hauj lwm los ntawm txawv kev cai, nws yog kiag li tsis zoo sib xws rau lub Lavxias teb sab tswvyim ntawm kev kawm thiab cov kev hloov ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tsim nyog rau theem tom ntej. Piv txwv li, lub sij hawm "kawm ntawv qib siab" nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis Xeev txhais txawv. Mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, koj yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv muaj ib tug bachelor degree, thaum nyob rau hauv Russia mus cuag rau theem no ntawm kev kawm ntawv yog tau tsuas yog tom qab 4-5 xyoos nyob rau hauv high school. Piv rau qhov kev nkag siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hais tias ib tug bachelor degree tsuas hais txog tsis tiav siab dua kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Fabkis, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tswvyim no yog ib tug licentiate. Lub thiaj li hu ua degree ntawm kev txawj - Maitrise - yuav muab piv nrog rau cov Masters nyob rau hauv Russia. Txawm li cas los, muaj kuj yog ib tug Master lub peev xwm nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Yog li nws yuav roughly muab faib mus rau hauv ob hom - lub classical variant muaj ib tug zuag qhia tag nrho kev kawm thiab cov kev orientation.
Nto moo philosophers tau kawm tiav los ntawm lub Sorbonne
Niaj hnub no, thiab rau ze li ntawm ib xyoo txhiab, lub Sorbonne yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tus system kawm ntawv qib siab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no lub zej lub zos. Yog tias peb cia lawv cov neeg tuaj saib halls thiab tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws tau muab ib tug zoo pib rau creativity thiab tsim nyog ua ntau feemxyuam neeg. Nto moo kawm tiav ntawm lub University validate tsev kawm ntawv lub tswv yim, raws li tus kheej tus piv txwv.
Los ntawm lub centuries tau dim mus rau lub sij hawm tam sim lub nrov nrov koj cov npe urging ib zaug dua hais tias tus Sorbonne - University tsim nyog ntawm cov npe ntawm cov "feem ntau prestigious".
peb tsis tau hais txog Thomas Aquinas ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab lub Renaissance. Lub creator ntawm lub "tsib pov thawj ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm tus Tswv Vajtswv" yog tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo theologian thiab philosopher ntawm nws lub sij hawm. Ib tug kawm tiav ntawm lub Sorbonne, yog ib tug outspoken tus nrog sib ntaus ntawm cov ntseeg lub Koom Txoos rau qhov muab ntawm indulgences.
Lub ntiaj teb no-nrov thoob ntiaj teb kev pab cuam kev pauv cov tub ntxhais kawm Erasmus ntiaj teb no tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm ib yam ntawm cov loj cov nuj nqis ntawm lub Renaissance - Erasmus.
Koj cov nuj nqis ntawm cov kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Gumilyov Nikolay Stepanovich - tus sawv cev ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab paj huam ntawm thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Lub sij hawm ntawm cov neeg sau ntawm pua pua ntawm tej hauj lwm no coincided nrog cov nyiaj muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Gumilev Nikolay yog tus founder ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv acmeism uas koom lwm yam Lavxias teb sab paj huam - kawm tiav ntawm lub Sorbonne nyob rau hauv Paris (Mandelstam, Tsvetaeva). Ntawm cov tseem ceeb Fabkis sau ntawv uas tau txais cov diploma ntawm lub University, tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no paub txog Honoré de Balzac. Muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau rov tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm realism Balzac ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej tshiab nimno era. Nws ua hauj lwm tau tshuav ib qho indelible cim rau cov ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thiab yog reflected nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Dostoevsky, Emilya Zolya , thiab lwm tus neeg.
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb lub sij hawm ntawm lub Sorbonne kawm tiav ntxiv los yeej muaj cov pedestal ntawm koob meej thiab tej chaw. Piv txwv li, nyuab thiab xinesmas replenish lawv cov qib los ntawm ib daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau nto moo npe. Andre Breton - kws sau paj lug thiab novelist, yog ib tus thawj sau phau ntawv muaj qhia tawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm surrealism. Ib tug kawm tiav ntawm lub University of Paris thiab yog ib tug Jean-Lyuk Godar. Legendary zaj duab xis director twb xam tau tias yog mus yuav ib tug influential neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm xinesmas hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Syuzen Zontag, kuj kawm tiav los ntawm lub Sorbonne, lub npe hu nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe los ntawm nws lub siab xav pab cov neeg uas muaj kab mob HIV raws li txoj cai.
Great zaum - tuaj ntawm lub Sorbonne
Paris VI University, npe hu ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus kawm tiav uas hloov neeg lub ntaus tswv yim ntawm cov caij nyoog thiab natural sciences. Ib Kyuri thiab Marie Sklodowska-Curie, kawm tiav nrog rau honors los ntawm lub Sorbonne. Qhib mus rau lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv 1903 radioactivity daim card, los ua tus tswv ntawm lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv 1903. Qhov ob peb ua hauj lwm ua ke, thiab tag nrho cov credit mas suav hais tias heev, tab sis lub discoverer ntawm lub thaj chaw ntawm tshuaj ntsiab (polonium thiab radium) ntseeg Maria Sklodowska-Curie.
Ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj daim ntawv thom nug ntawm txhua lub sij hawm Anri Puankare kawm tiav los ntawm lub Sorbonne. Nws tswj los mus ua nto moo ua tsaug rau lub authorship ntawm "Theory ntawm Relativity" thiab "Poincare conjecture."
Txij li thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv qhib lub qhov rooj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm txhua qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, txoj cai ntawm lub chaw to taub cov teeb meem uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm. Tau siv mus rau lub multi-level kev kawm system me nyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws los pab rau cov peculiar orientation thiab cov ntaub ntawv chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, sai li sai li sai tau mus dhau adaptation nyob rau hauv Fabkis, thov hu rau tus International Center rau cov menyuam thiab trainees.
Kev them nyiaj yug rau menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov xib fwb los ntawm lub high school yog ib cuab kev: txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub University lub chaw ua hauj lwm nrhiav kom tau ntau tshaj li 15 nyiaj pab kawm ntawv rau kawm tiav me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm 80 txhiab francs thiab 60 francs so.
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