Ntsev ntawm carbonic acid. Siv ntsev ntawm carbonic acid

Inorganic acids yog qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ua lag luam. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog cov raw khoom rau ntau syntheses, catalyze tus txheej txheem, ua raws li ib tug dehydrating neeg sawv cev rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab thiaj li nyob.

Txawm li cas los, txawm ntau nqi lawv ntsev - hloov khoom ntawm hydrogen rau hlau nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm lawv molecules. Carbonic acid nyob rau hauv no hwm yog tshwj xeeb. Tom qab tag nrho los ntawm nws tus kheej nws xyaum tsis muaj nyob, cov huab cua tam sim ntawd decomposing rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej. Tab sis carbonic acid ntaub ntawv ntsev uas paub tias tus txiv neej txij ancient sij hawm. Lawv yog cov heev nrov nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm ntau lawm thiab ua hauj lwm. Thiab xav txog lawv.

Ntsev ntawm carbonic acid: Classification

Firstly, nws yog tsim nyog los qhia kom meej tias tam sim ntawd cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab hu ua nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Nws cia li thiaj li tshwm sim tias tag nrho cov npe daig thiab yog siv rau hnub no li keeb kwm los yog tsis tseem ceeb, thiab cov ntaub ntawv rau ib tug muaj kuab nomenclature. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsev las carbonic acid, lawv hu ua li no:

• carbonates;
• bicarbonates;
• carbon dioxide;
• hydrogencarbonates;
• bicarbonates.

Thiab ntawm cov hoob kawm, txhua tus nws muaj nws ntau hais lus phem lub npe, uas yog ib tug neeg.

Cov uas muaj npe npe ib zaug reflected thiab cais ntawm lub tebchaw nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug. Raws li cov dibasic acid, thiab ntsev nws cov ntaub ntawv ob hom:

• nruab nrab;
• qaub.

Los ntawm lub xeem lub npe prefixed hydro los yog bisexual. Yuav luag txhua txhua ntsev ntawm ib tug alkali los yog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau - nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb suab compound uas neeg yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub lag luam.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub foundations thiab siv cov

Txij ancient sij hawm cov neeg paub ntsev ntawm carbonic acid. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, cov kev siv tau nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm gypsum, alabaster, limestone thiab marble tau siv.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntawmv ntawm Pliny lub Txwj Laug hais cov txheej txheem rau cov txiv qaub limestone calcination. Nto moo xav - pyramid - tsa siv gypsum thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau therefrom. Los ntawm cov tshauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau txais potash thiab siv nws rau ntxhua khaubncaws, thiab ces nyob rau hauv xab npum txiav txim siab.

Uas yog siv cov khoom uas xwm muab, cov neeg muaj peev xwm nyob rau yuav luag ib txwm. Txawm li cas los, dab tsi yog qhov ntsev ntawm carbonic acid, uas lawv muaj ib tug qauv raws li tau tsim artificially, thiab yog dab tsi lawv lwm yam ntxwv, nws ua lub npe hu npaum li cas tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub XVII-XVIII centuries.

Niaj hnub no, lub thoob plaws siv ntawm ntau carbonates yog alkali thiab alkaline ntiaj teb co, ib co ntawm lawv coj ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem nyob rau hauv lub hauv qab av ncig dab.

Deposits nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Raws li cov feem pua ntawm cov qhov suav hais tias cov zaub mov nyob kwv yees li 5% ntawm tag nrho cov huab hwm coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab. Lawv tsim mas los ntawm sab nraum, txoj kev ua pob zeb. Tsis tas li ntawd ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsev tsim los ntawm hydrothermal.

Cov kab mob, Molluscs thiab lwm yam tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag pab mus rau tsim ntawm carbonates biochemically. Feem ntau, carbonic acid ntsev yog pom nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm ores, nrog lawv los ntawm lub tsim ntawm associates.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub cov zaub mov thiab cov pob zeb ntawm cov tebchaw:

• calcite;
• dolomite;
• chalk;
• marble;
• limestone;
• gypsum;
• magnesite;
• siderite;
• malachite.

Txoj kev rau cov kev npaj thiab daim ntawv thov

Ntsev ntawm carbonic acid hu ua carbonates (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nruab nrab variations). Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum tshwm sim carbonate ion, uas mis yog CO ₃ ^2-. Yuav kom ua tiav tag nrho ntsev daim ntawv yog tsis tau tsuas yog txaus hlau ntawv thiab indexes reflecting cov quantitative muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib tug compound. Qhov no yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev ua sim rau cov cov tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, dua li extraction los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso los, yuav ua synthesized carbonates thiab sib koom tshua thiab hloov compound. Txawm li cas los, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm tej kev muaj tsis tau, vim cov tawm los yog tsawg tsawg heev thiab cov nqi zog.

Qhov uas nws yog tsim los siv cov ntsev ntawm carbonic acid, nyob rau hauv dab tsi thaj chaw? Rau txhua tus ntawm lawv yog ib lub zuj zus, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev nws yog ua tau qhia hais tias yuav ob peb loj industries.

1. Civil engineering.
2. Tshuaj kev lag luam.
3. Iav.
4. Xab npum.
5. Synthesis ntawv.
6. Khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam.
7. Qhuav ntawm detergents.
8. Calcium carbonate - ib qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau ions nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm nyob quavntsej.

Xav txog ob peb yam piv txwv hais carbonates, lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tus nqi.

calcium carbonate

Raws li twb hais saum toj no, cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw - ib qhov chaw ntawm calcium ions Ca ²⁺ nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Thiab qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev tswj cov constancy ntawm cov ntshav tsis system, yog ib feem ntawm cov pob txha, rau tes, plaub hau, yuav ntxiv zog rau cov hniav enamel.

Thaum calcium tsis muaj peev xwm tsim ntau yam kab mob, xws li xws txaus ntshai raws li lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, txha, pathological kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub lens ntawm lub ceev ceev, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov calcium carbonate kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ua lag ua luam. Tom qab tag nrho nws cov variants - yog:

• chalk;
• marble;
• limestone.

Cov ntsev deposits nplua nuj txaus hais tias ib tug neeg muaj tsis muaj tsis txaus ntawm nws. Nws yog feem ntau muag nyob rau hauv ib tug lim daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj daim ntawv no, raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab hauv qab no. Nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias calcium yog absorbed zoo heev, nws yuav tsum tau muaj cov vitamin D.

dej qab zib

Ntsev ntawm carbonic acid - carbonates - yog ib qho tseem ceeb tib neeg thiab domestic ua liaj ua teb. Piv txwv li, sodium carbonate, los yog sodium carbonate, nyob rau hauv ntau yog hu ua dej qab zib. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog lub substance, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm ntau yam tais diav. Tsis yog, cov ntsev siv rau lag luam rau tu neeg hauv tsev neeg chaw ntawm cov khoom: bathtubs, qhov dej, tais diav, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog feem ntau hu ua dej qab zib tshauv los sis cov khaub ncaws, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub khob lawm, xab npum txiav txim siab.

Cov mis ntawm lub tebchaw Na ₂ CO ₃ * 10H ₂ O. no aqueous ntsev nruab nrab attributable rau crystalline hydrate. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm pob zeb. piv txwv:

• rooj huas tias;
• nakholit;
• thermonatrite.

Feem ntau nws sawv tawm los ntawm lub algae, lawv ashes. Nws yog txoj kev no yog siv nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm kom tau raw cov ntaub ntawv uas rau zus tau tej cov xab npum los yog tsuas yog ntxuav cov khaub ncaws. Feem ntau cov li nplua nuj cog muaj no ntsev yog solyanka sodonosnaya. Nws siab tshaj plaws tau cov hmoov tshauv yuav tsim sodium carbonate.

potash

Formula ntsev ntawm carbonic acid, muaj xws li ib tug lub npe, - K ₂ CO _3. Nws yog ib tug dawb zoo crystalline hygroscopic hmoov. Nruab nrab anhydrous ntsev, uas muaj ib tug zoo heev solubility. Qhov no compound tseem paub rau cov neeg rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thiab nws yog dav siv niaj hnub no. Txhais lub npe:

• poov tshuaj carbonate;
• potash;
• potash.

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev siv yog raws li nram no.

1. Raws li cov reagent nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kua xab npum.
2. Rau lub synthesis ntawm crystal thiab tus kho qhov muag iav, refractory iav.
3. Rau cov dyeing ntawm fabrics.
4. Raws li fertilizer rau qoob loo.
5. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ua lag ua luam - nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo cov khov taw tes ntawm mortars.
6. Lub Photo Art.

Lub ntsiab muaj txoj kev uas yuav tau txais lub ntsev - electrolysis ntawm calcium chloride. Thaum zoo li no hydroxide yog tsim, uas reacts nrog cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab ntaub ntawv potash. Ntuj raw cov ntaub ntawv - yog hmoov tshauv grasses thiab algae, nyob rau hauv uas nws yog muaj ntau npaum li cas.

bicarb

Acid tas li ntawd ntsev ntawm carbonic acid yog tsis tsawg ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj qhov nruab nrab. Yog li, piv txwv li, sodium bicarbonate, uas nws mis NaHCO _3. Lwm ntawm nws lub npe, zoo dua lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho - ci dej qab zib. Externally, nws yog ib tug dawb zoo hmoov uas yog heev soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Cov compound tsis ruaj tsis khov thaum rhuab, tam sim ntawd decomposes rau hauv cov pa roj carbon dioxide, dej thiab siab ntsev. Qhov no pub rau cov kev siv ntawm ci dej qab zib yog ib tug tsis nyob rau hauv lub internal ib puag ncig ntawm muaj sia nyob.

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau ntau lub teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov compound:

• khoom noj khoom haus (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog confectionery) kev lag luam;
• tshuaj (rau kev kho mob ntawm kub yus acids);
• nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj synthesis nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov yas, dyes, ua npuas ncauj yas, tsev neeg tshuaj;
• nyob rau hauv lub teeb thiab textile kev lag luam (tawv tanning thiab xov txhob lo lo ntxhuav ntaub, thiab lwm yam);
• Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua si haus thiab ntau yam kawm ua noj tais diav;
• Sodium bicarbonate yog them tsuag.

calcium carbonate

Qhov no acidic ntsev ntawm carbonic acid, - ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem nyob rau hauv lub ncig ntawm av. Qhov no compound muab tsim ntawm ib tug ib ntus dej hardness hais los ntwm boiling. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no bicarbonate yog calcium carbonate txhawb loj xaav nyob rau hauv cov xwm, i.e. lawv tom ntej no voj voog. Cov mis ntawm no compound - Ca (HCO _{3) 2.}