Nqaij fibers. Hom mob fibers

Nyias nqaij fibers txoj kev txhua skeletal leeg. Lawv thickness tsuas yog hais txog 0,05-0,11 hli thiab qhov ntev yog 15 cm. Nqaij fiber striated nqaij yog sau rau hauv bundles, uas muaj xws li fibers ntawm 10-50. Cov bundles yog surrounded los ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg (fascia).

Cov nqaij nws tus kheej yog tseem surrounded los ntawm fascia. Kwv yees li 85-90% ntawm nws cov ntim nqaij fibers. Qhov tshuav ib feem - lub qab haus huv thiab cov hlab ntsha uas kis nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Thaum lub xaus ntawm nqaij fibers yog striated nqaij yog maj hloov mus rau hauv lub txog leeg. Cov yav tas yog txuas mus rau cov pob txha.

Mitochondria thiab myofibrils nyob rau hauv cov nqaij

Xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov nqaij fiber. Nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) nws muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm mitochondria. Lawv ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv uas cov kev pauv ntawm tshuaj thiab noog lub zog-nplua nuj tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau mus muab lub zog xav tau kev pab. Muaj ntau ntau txhiab tus mitochondria nyob rau hauv tej feem ntawm cov nqaij ntawm tes. Lawv nyob txog 30-35% ntawm nws tag nrho loj.

Tus qauv ntawm cov nqaij fiber yog xws li hais tias lub saw ntawm mitochondria yog ua raws myofibrils. Qhov no nyias filaments uas muab lub contraction thiab so ntawm peb leeg. Feem ntau ib tug cell yog dozens ntawm myofibrils, nyob rau txhua ntev yuav ua tau mus ob peb centimeters. Yog hais tias tus luj ntawm tag nrho cov tais myofibers teej tug mus rau cov nqaij hlwb, qhov feem pua ntawm nws tag nrho qhov ceeb thawj yuav tsum tau txog 50%. Lub thickness ntawm cov fiber li nyob feem nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm myofibrils nyob therein, raws li zoo raws li lawv tus ntoo khaub lig-qauv. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus myofibrils yog muaj li ntawm ntau me me sarcomeres.

Striated nqaij fibers yog yus muaj los ntawm cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej. Txawm li cas los, lawv cov qauv yog me ntsis txawv nyob ntawm seb tus tub los ntxhais. Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm nqaij me tshawb pom tau tias nyob rau hauv cov nqaij fibers myofibrils feem pua ntawm cov poj niam yog qis dua hais tias ntawm cov txiv neej. Qhov no siv tau txawm mus rau high-qib ncaws pob.

Incidentally, lub heev npag loj yog faib unevenly thoob plaws hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej. Cov kev nyuaj siab loj ib feem ntawm cov poj niam yog nyob rau hauv lub qis ib feem ntawm lub cev. Thaum lub sab saum toj ntawm cov nqaij ntim yog me me, thiab lawv yog me me thiab feem ntau tsis untrained.

liab fiber

Nyob rau qaug zog, histochemical uas tseg tau thiab contractile thaj chaw ntawm nqaij fibers raug muab faib ua ob pawg: liab thiab dawb. Liab yog qeeb fibers muaj ib tug me me txoj kab uas hla. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau lub zog lawv siv cov oxidation ntawm fatty acids thiab carbohydrates (xws system yog hu ua aerobic zog ntau lawm). Cov fibers kuj raug xa mus rau raws li qeeb los sis qeeb-twitch. Tej zaum lawv yog hu ua hom 1 fibers.

Yog vim li cas liab fibers thiaj li hu ua

Liab, lawv hu ua vim hais tias lawv muaj liab histochemical coloration. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov fibers muaj ntau myoglobin. Myoglobin - ib tug tshwj xeeb xim protein muaj ib tug liab xim. Nws muaj nuj nqi yog hais tias nws yuav muab kev pab cov pa sib sib zog nqus rau hauv cov nqaij fibers ntawm cov ntshav hlab ntsha.

Nta liab fibers

Qeeb nqaij fibers muaj ib tug plurality ntawm mitochondria. Nyob rau hauv lub oxidation txheej txheem yog nqa tawm, uas yog tsim nyog rau lub zog. Liab fibers yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug loj network ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Lawv yuav tsum xa ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov pa nrog cov ntshav.

Qeeb nqaij fibers yog zoo yoog mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm aerobic zog ntau lawm system. Kuj tsis tshua muaj zog ntawm lawv cov lus. Tus nqi ntawm uas lawv haus zog yog txaus los mus ua xwb aerobic metabolism. Liab fibers zoo suited rau uas tsis yog-intensive thiab tas mus li lag luam, xws li mus taug kev thiab jogging, stayerskogo deb nyob rau hauv pas dej, aerobics thiab lwm tus neeg.

Yuav txo tau kev mob fiber kom taw uas tsis yuav tsum tau siv zog npaum. Ua tsaug rau nws, yog kuj txaus siab los ntawm lub teeb. Cov striated nqaij cov yam ntxwv ntawm fiber, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm loads xws li ntawm 20 mus rau 25% ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws tau lub hwj chim. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm zoo heev muaj lub zog. Txawm li cas los, cov liab fibers tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm sprints, lifting hnyav tes taw hnyav li, etc., Raws li cov loads yuav tsum tau kuj ceev ceev txaus thiab generating zog. Rau lub hom phiaj no yog dawb fibers, uas peb tam sim no tham txog.

dawb fibers

Lawv kuj hu ua ceev ceev, bystrosokraschayuschihsya hom 2 fibers. Lawv txoj kab uas hla loj piv rau liab. Rau lub zog lawv siv mas glycolysis (ie zog ntau lawm system lawv co). Tus yoo fibers yog me me npaum li cas ntawm myoglobin. Uas yog vim li cas lawv yog dawb.

Lub splitting ntawm ATP

Fast fibers muaj loj ATPase ua si ntawm lub enzyme. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov splitting ntawm ATP yog ceev, qhov no muab ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev muab siab kho kev ua hauj lwm. Txij li thaum cov dawb fibers yog yus muaj los ntawm siab npaum li cas ntawm lub zog expenditure, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau kev kub ceev restoration ntawm ATP molecules. Thiab nws yuav muab ib tug txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis vim hais tias, tsis zoo li oxidation, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sarcoplasm nqaij fibers. Yog li ntawd, cov pa me nyuam mitochondria yog tsis yuav tsum tau, raws li lub zog tus me nyuam los ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg rau lub myofibrils.

Yog vim li cas dawb fibers log sai sai

Vim glycolysis tshwm sim lactate (lactic acid) yog sai accumulating. Vim li no, cov dawb fibers tau nkees sai sai, nws tsis nws thiaj li ua hauj lwm rau koj cov leeg. Cov liab fibers nyob rau hauv aerobic tsim yog tsim lactic acid. Uas yog vim li cas lawv yuav muaj ib tug mob loj tsawv voltage rau ib ntev lub sij hawm.

Nta dawb fibers

Dawb fibers muaj ib tug loj lub cheeb txheeb ze rau liab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muaj ntau npaum li cas glycogen thiab myofibrils, tab sis lawv muaj tsawg mitochondria. Nqaij fiber cell ntawm no hom muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab creatine phosphate (CP). Nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau thawj zaug rau theem ntawm cov high-kev siv lub lag luam.

Feem ntau cov dawb fibers nruj heev heev rau ua haib, ceev, tab sis luv luv-term kev siv zog, vim lawv muaj tsawg zog. Ceev fiber, muab piv nrog lub qeeb, yuav txo tau kom 2 lub sij hawm sai, thiab tsim lub dag lub zog 10 lub sij hawm ntau dua. Maximum ceev thiab quab yuam ntawm tus txiv neej muaj vim hais tias ntawm lawv. Yog hais tias txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau 25-30% ntawm nyiaj pab ntau tshaj dag zog thiab saum toj no, uas txhais tau tias nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv nws yog dawb fibers. Lawv muab faib raws li cov qauv ntawm cov muab lub zog rau cov nram qab no ob hom.

Ceev glycolytic nqaij fibers

Tus thawj hom - ceev glycolytic fibers. Tus txheej txheem ntawm glycolysis yog siv ua kom muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lawv yuav tau mus thov tsuas co zog ntau lawm system uas txhawb nqa tsim ntawm lactic acid (lactate). Raws li, qhov fiber cov ntaub ntawv tsis ua zog nrog rau oxygen, piv txwv li los ntawm aerobic. Fast glycolytic fibers yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tshaj plaws ceev thiab lub hwj chim txo. Lawv ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub recruitment ntawm loj nyob rau hauv ncaws pob, bodybuilders, thiab muab runners thiab swimmers, sawv ib tug khiav, lub siab tshaj plaws ceev.

Ceev ceev oxidation-glycolytic fibers

Qhov thib ob hom - ceev ceev oxidation-glycolytic fibers. Lawv kuj hu ua lub hloov los yog intermediate. Cov fibers yog ib hom ntawm intermediate hom ntawm lub qeeb thiab ceev ceev nqaij fibers. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug haib system ntawm lub zog ntau lawm (co), tab sis nruj heev heev rau qhov kev siv thiab haum khaus aerobic exercise. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov fibers muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug ntau ntawm kev rau siab thiab muaj feem yuav muaj txo. Yog li lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm lub zog yog glycolysis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yog tias cov kev siv ntawm cov contraction yuav tsis muaj, lawv yuav tau siv cov oxidation zoo. Qhov no hom ntawm fiber yog tshuab txais nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, yog hais tias tus load yog 20 mus rau 40% ntawm cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj. Txawm li cas los, thaum nws yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 40%, tib neeg lub cev tam sim ntawd kiag li hloov dua siab tshiab rau siv ceev glycolytic fibers.

Qhov ratio ntawm ceev ceev thiab qeeb fibers nyob rau hauv lub cev

Kev tshawb fawb tau tau ua nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm uas twb tau tsim los ntawm lub fact tias tus piv ntawm ceev ceev thiab qeeb fibers nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog txiav txim txhob. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov nruab nrab tus neeg, nws muaj txog 40-50% qeeb qeeb, thiab hais txog 50-60% sai. Txawm li cas los, peb txhua tus yog nws. Nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm ib tug neeg tej zaum yuav tus thawj ob dawb thiab liab fibers.

Cov kev faib ua feem ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ntau cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub cev yog tsis tau tib yam. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov nqaij ntshiv thiab lawv pab pawg nyob rau hauv lub cev ua txawv zog. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm no transverse nqaij fibers yog heev txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Biceps thiab Triceps yog kwv yees li 70% dawb fibers. Me ntsis me me nyob rau hauv lawv cov femur (kwv yees li 50%). Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub gastrocnemius nqaij ntawm lub fibers ntawm 16%. Uas yog, yog hais tias tus haumxeeb hom phiaj ntawm ib tug ntau dynamic ib feem ntawm cov nqaij ua hauj lwm, nws yuav ua tau ntau ceev, tsis qeeb.

Kev sib txuas lus tej zaum nyob rau hauv kev ua si nawv nrog lub hom nqaij fibers

Peb twb paub hais tias cov zuag qhia tag nrho piv ntawm liab thiab dawb fibers nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev mus tso txhob. Vim li no, cov neeg sib txawv thiab muaj ntau tej zaum nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si. Leejtwg zoo dua yog cov kev ua si uas yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev thev, thiab ib tug neeg - lub hwj chim. Yog hais tias yeej los ntawm qeeb fibers, ib tug neeg yog ntau npaum li cas haum rau skiing, marathons, ua luam dej rau ntev mus, thiab hais txog. E., Tus ntawd yog kev ua si, uas muab kev koom tes mas aerobic zog ntau lawm system. Yog hais tias lub cev ntau tshaj fast-twitch nqaij fibers, nws yog tau mus cuag tau zoo nyob rau hauv bodybuilding, khiav, khiav ua luam dej, weightlifting, powerlifting, thiab lwm tus neeg. Hom, qhov twg tus thawj xib fwb nqi belongs rau lub nplaum tawg zog. Thiab nws, raws li koj paub, muaj peev xwm muab tsuas dawb nqaij fibers. Qhov zoo ncaws pob yeej ib txwm sprinters yeej los ntawm lawv. Lawv tus xov tooj nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm ob txhais ceg nce mus txog lawv 85%. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug roughly sib npaug zos proportions ntawm ntau hom ntawm fibers, tus txiv neej txig haum mus rau theem nrab deb khiav thiab da dej. Txawm li cas los, cov saum toj no tsis txhais hais tias yog yeej los ntawm ceev ceev fibers, xws li ib tug neeg yuav tsis muaj peev xwm khiav ib marathon. Nws yuav khiav nws, tab sis tsis raws nraim ua ib tug tau zus ib nyob rau hauv no kev ua si nawv. Conversely, yog hais tias tus lub cev yog ntau npaum li cas liab fibers, tau nyob rau hauv bodybuilding yuav li ib tug neeg uas nyuaj siab tshaj ntawm qhov nruab nrab, qhov ratio ntawm liab thiab dawb fibers uas yog kwv yees li sib npaug zos.