Niaj hnub nimno Western Sociology

XX xyoo pua yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm zoo heev intensive kev loj hlob ntawm kev vammeej. Niaj hnub nimno western Sociology cia li tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug txheej ntawm theories thiab tiam sis, National Society of Sociologists thiab International sociological Association tau tsim, tsim applied txoj kev empirical tshawb fawb uas yog nqa tawm tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob chaw zov me nyuam.

Niaj hnub nimno western Sociology originated nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, tab sis, nrog lub 20-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo. ua txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Sociology tsiv mus rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, qhov kev kawm ntawm Sociology tsim raws li ib tug applied science, uas tsom rua lub positivist lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov pov thawj scientific. Nrog American Sociology soj ntsuam los ntawm theoretical science tau hloov zuj zuj nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim.

Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog no sib ntawm niaj hnub Western Sociology tsim nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws raws li ib tug yuav tsum muaj kev kawm Sociology. Qhov no coj mus rau ib tug nyob ntawm division ntawm Sociology ntawm cov applied thiab theoretical.

Niaj hnub nimno western Sociology raws li ib tug qhuab qhia yog muab faib mus rau hauv ib tug txaus loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau scientific teb thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv. Cais lawv yog ib qhov nyuaj vim hais tias lawv yog cov sib txawv thiab theoretical orientation, thiab lub sij hawm ntawm tshwm sim, thiab kev tshawb fawb vib this.

Ib qho ntawm feem zajlus kom thiab cov classifications yog raws li nram no. Sociological tiam sis yog muab faib ua ob loj pawg. Tus thawj yog cov "macrosociological" kev tshawb xav, lub essence ntawm cov uas yog postulate lub primacy ntawm haiv neeg nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau ib tug tib neeg. Lub logic ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb pab pawg neeg yuav zog mus rau lub ntiag ntawm tag nrho cov, hais tias yog, lub tswvyim ntawm "cwm pwm" ntawm "haiv neeg" thiab lub tswvyim ntawm "kev system."

Thaum pib ntawm cov theories mus rov qab mus rau cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Comte, Durkheim, G. Spencer. Qhov no pab pawg neeg kuj muaj xws li cov yam ntxwv thiab tej tsom xam (taws los ntawm T. Parsons), teeb meem kev tshawb xav (mus los ntawm L. Coser thiab Dahrendorf), structuralism (Levi-Strauss, Foucault), hauj determinism (V . Rostow Dron R., D. Tswb, J. Galbraith) Neoevolutionism (J. Stewart, L. Dawb, J .. Murdoch), thiab lwm tus neeg.

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li "microsociological" kev tshawb xav, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov kom pom tseeb muab rau pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw - cov cwm pwm, tus neeg, tus neeg. Lawv nrhiav kev los piav cov kev sociological cai, tsom xam cov internal ntiaj teb no ntawm tus neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov sis ntawm tus txiv neej nrog lwm tus neeg koom tes nrog zej zog. Hauv vib this kev ntawm no pab pawg ntawm zaum yuav tsum tau zog los ntawm cov mus rau lub general, los ntawm cov tib neeg rau pej xeem system.

Pib folding cov theories hais txog cov views ntawm M. Weber, ib co neeg sawv cev psychosociology (G. Tarde, L. Ward, Pareto). Western Sociology ntawm no qauv yog tam sim no sawv cev los ntawm lub cim interactionism (A. Kev nyuaj siab, C. Cooley, H. Blumer, A. Rose, J .. mead, G. Pob zeb), phenomenological Sociology (A. Schutz, Luckmann T.), sib pauv kev tshawb xav (J. . Homans, P. Blau) ethnomethodology (Garfinkel D. A. Sikurela) thiab lwm tus neeg.

Theories uas muaj feem rau ib qho kev methodological pab pawg neeg, tej zaum yuav zoo txawv heev ho thiab lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev txaus siab, thiab nyob tus txhais lus los ntawm cov phenomena nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas.

Niaj hnub nimno western Sociology phau ntawv txhais lus ua ib tug impressive daim ntawv teev cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab tiam sis uas tsim nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab America. Sib tsim thiab empirical thiab theoretical qhia. Heev nrov tam sim no puas siab puas ntsws sociologist ntawm loj phenomena thiab cov txheej txheem. Rau cov Fabkis lub tsev kawm ntawv yog yus muaj los ntawm siab txaus siab rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub psychology ntawm cov neeg coob coob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tsim thiab kev siv technology tshiab kev taw qhia ntawm Sociology. Tsim muaj kev tshawb xav, post-industrial thiab cov ntaub ntawv zej zog. Nws yog tsim rau cov tub rog-sociological kev taw qhia.