Neuroprotective tshuaj - yog dab tsi? Nootropics. Npaj nootropic txiav txim

Nootropics - Yuav ua li cas yog tshuaj no? Lo lus teb rau ib lo lus nug koj tau txais los ntawm tsab xov xwm cuav. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, koj yuav kawm tau cov keeb kwm ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm, hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub lag luam, cov khoom, indications thiab los ntawm daim ntawv thov.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Neuroprotective tshuaj - yog dab tsi? Cov tshuaj txhim kho lub hlwb muaj nuj nqi, rejuvenate lub cev thiab sim haum lub neej. Nws neyrometabolicheskie stimulants uas muaj ib tug activating ntxim rau cov kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv ho txhim kho kev puas hlwb kev ua tau zoo thiab nco. Lub sij hawm "nootropic" yog ua los ntawm ob tug Greek lus νους thiab τροπή, uas txhais tau tias "lub siab" thiab "hloov", ntsig txog.

piav qhia

nootropic kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj tsis muaj ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm kev kho mob tshuaj. Uas yog vim li cas lawv tau ua ke nrog stimulants thiab tau mus kho mob rau lub pharmacotherapeutic pab pawg neeg nrog rau cov cai nram qab no ATH: N06VH.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim

Nyob rau hauv 1963, lub Belgian pharmacologists thiab S. V. Skondia Giurgea tsim thawj tshuaj los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg sawv cev los ntawm - "Pyracetam". Niaj hnub no yog nootropic tshuaj lub npe hu rau ntau cov neeg mob raws li "Nootropil". Zoo li ib tug psychostimulant nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 20th, nws pab puas siab puas ntsws muaj peev xwm ntawm tus txiv neej thiab yog li muaj tsis muaj kev phiv.

Nyob rau hauv 1972, ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm medicament tau tau npaj lub sij hawm "nootropic" rau denote ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj uas txhim khu kev txawj ntse nco, kev kawm thiab saib xyuas, raws li zoo raws li muaj feem xyuam rau lub peev xwm transcallosal muaj antihypoxic kev ua si thiab tsis pheev phiv los ntawm lub cev.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov paub psychostimulants thiab nootropics tsim kho lub paj hlwb, uas ntxiv ua rau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev ua, uas yog ntau es zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev txiav txim ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj yog tsis manifested tom qab thawj koob thiab ntev-lub sij hawm kev kho mob.

tseeb nootropics

Tam sim no, ntau tshaj 10 thawj tsim nootropics pyrrolidine series, uas yog nyob rau hauv theem 3 raug soj ntsuam, los yog tau sau npe nyob rau hauv tej lub teb chaws. Cov xws tshuaj yuav tsum tau qhia "oxiracetam", "nefiracetam", "Etiratsetam", "Aniracetam", "Rolziratsetam", "Izatsetam", "pramiracetam", "Tsebratsetam", "Dupratsetam", "Detiratsetam" thiab al. Nthuav tshuaj muaj lub npe "racetam".

Sib nrug los ntawm tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus, thiab tsim lwm tsev neeg nootropics xws li GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic thiab peptidergic system. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nootropic active ingredient yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub medicaments uas muaj ib tug txawv tshuaj paus chiv keeb.

hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam

Nootropics - dab tsi zoo ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab rau cov uas lawv tau tsa? Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tshuaj kev txiav txim ntawm xws tshuaj dag ob peb mechanisms:

• activating yas dab nyob rau hauv lub central lub paj hlwb vim muaj zog protein thiab RNA synthesis;
• txoj kev txhim kho ntawm lub zog lub xeev ntawm neurons, uas yog qhia rau txhim khu ATP synthesis raws li antihypoxic thiab antioxidant los;
• kev txhim kho glucose siv;
• ntxiv dag zog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm synaptic kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv lub central tshee system;
• membrane stabilizing los.

nta tshuaj

Lub ntsiab mechanisms ntawm xws tshuaj pom tau hais tias lawv ncaj qha los ntawm cov metabolic dab thiab bioenergetics nyob rau hauv paj hlwb, raws li zoo raws li kev sis raug zoo nrog lub tshuab ntawm lub paj hlwb (feem ntau neurotransmitter).

Nws tau ntev tau qhov tseeb hais tias nootropics yuav tau qhib adenylate cyclase thiab ua rau kom nws cov concentration nyob rau hauv lub neuron. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kom ntau ntau cov cyclic AMP ua los ntawm ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub flux ntawm intracellular Ca2 + ions thiab K + mus rau lub ceev ceev tso tawm ntawm lub neurotransmitter piav thoob hlo neuron.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tshuab txais adenylate cyclase muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm kev tswj cov stability ntawm ATP ntau lawm nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas tsis muaj oxygen, thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm hypoxia txhais hlwb metabolism nyob rau hauv ib muab hom.

Neuroprotective tshuaj rau cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam yog qhov tseem ceeb kom lawv muaj tswv yim thiab kev txawj ntse loj hlob qeeb rov qab. Manufacturers xws li promoters hais tias lawv cov tshuaj txhim kho lub metabolism ntawm nucleic acids, qhib lub protein synthesis ntawm ATP thiab RNA zoo txeem tau cov BBB tab sis kuj ua rau kom tus nqi ntawm zib siv.

zog nootoropov

Cov nyhuv ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm nootropic tshuaj tej zaum kuj yog kho hom haum xeeb los ntawm lub hlwb neurotransmitter system (cholinergic, monoaminergic, glutamatergic).

Raws li manufacturers, nootropics kav lwm yam teebmeem, xws li:

• antioxidant;
• membrane stabilizing;
• neuroprotection;
• anti-hypoxic.

Lwm yam tshuaj

Nootropics pom zoo kom siv ntawm ib tug complex. Vim hais tias tsuas yog li zoo bioelectrical kev ua si thiab integrative kev ua ntawm lub paj hlwb, uas manifests nws tus kheej raws li ib tug yam ntxwv txawv ntawm electrophysiological hloov (cim nce nyob rau hauv cov theem ntawm wakefulness, raws li zoo raws li lub hom ncov, hollow zaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hemispheres ntawm lub paj hlwb, li ntawm cov txheeb ze thiab tsis EEG spectrum hwj chim hippocampus thiab cortex).

Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov cortico-subcortical tswj, kev txhim kho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pauv nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, muaj tej yam zoo rau tu tub tu kiv thiab tsim los ntawm lub cim xeeb cim tseg, peb yuav xyuam xim hais tias cov tshuaj no ua tau kom muaj zog kawm muaj peev xwm, txhim kho kev nco, kev xav, xim, xaav, thiab qhov ua kom kev txawj ntse zog .

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, muaj ntau manufacturers hais tias cov no cuab yeej muaj peev xwm ho txhim kho thiab leeb lub peev xwm (los yog kev txawj ntse) muaj nuj nqi. Txawm li cas los, cov lus sib liam tsis tau paub tseeb hais tias ncav.

los

Raws li cov manufacturers, nootropic tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv tib yam ntawm cov nram no:

1. Mnemotropnoe (muaj feem xyuam rau kev kawm thiab nco).
2. Nootropic (muaj feem xyuam rau cov theem ntawm cov tseem ceeb heev lub sij hawm thiab kev txiav txim, raws li zoo raws li disturbance ntawm lub cortical muaj nuj nqi, ua kom cortical tswj ntawm subcortical kev ua si, xim, kev xav thiab kev hais lus).
3. Adaptogenic (muaj feem xyuam rau kam rau mus ntau yam, xws li cov tshuaj, kom tag nrho cov kuj ntawm tus kab mob huab yam).
4. Ua kom cov clarity theem nco qab, tsaug zog (tej yam nyob rau lub xeev ntawm nco qab ntawm lub oppressed thiab tsaus).
5. Psychostimulant (muaj feem xyuam rau kev puas hlwb inertia, hypobulia cov neeg txom nyem motives, apathy, aspontannost thiab psychomotor ruamqauj).
6. Antiasthenic (ntxim rau qaug, nkees, tsis muaj zog, tshwm sim ntawm lub cev thiab kev puas hlwb qaug zog).
7. Tshuaj kom tsaug zog (txo txob taus thiab siab ntsws excitability).
8. Kev nyuaj siab.
9. Antikineticheskoe.
10. Vegetative (muaj feem xyuam rau kiv taub hau, mob taub hau thiab tserebrastenicheskom syndrome).
11. Antiepileptic (paroxysmal cawv qaug dab peg kev ua si).
12. Antiparkinsonian.
13. Zog.
14. Somatotropinostimuliruyuschee (kev loj hlob lawm tso tawm tshwm sim).
15. Hypoglycemic (txo lub concentration ntawm qab zib nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav).
16. Lipolytic (nyob rau hauv zib txwv pub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov fatty acids).
17. Antitoxic (raws cov khoom pov tseg thiab neutralize ntau yam teeb meem tshuaj).
18. Anabolic.
19. Immunostimulant.

Nws yog zoo rau mob stroke tiv thaiv nootropic yeeb tshuaj?

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm cov tshuaj, peb tau to taub. Tab sis qhov no seb puas tsimnyog tau ib tug tshiab lus nug txog yuav ua li cas lawv yog zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm stroke. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no xyaum yog ua teb. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kev siv ntawm nootropics tiv thaiv xws txawv txav twb tsis paub tseeb hais tias cov pov thawj raws li cov tshuaj.

soj ntsuam daim ntawv thov

Ua ntej peb yuav piav qhia txog dab tsi cov nyiaj yog siv nyob rau hauv hauj tshuaj, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nootropic tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj kws kho mob yog tsis dispensed nyob rau hauv pharmacies. Qhov no yog piav los ntawm lub fact tias lawv yuav mus rau tib lub chaw ua tshuaj pab pawg neeg raws li cov lusteb stimulants.

Keeb xeeb los ntawm cov tshuaj siv los kho mob ntawm lub hlwb muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus uas muaj organic hlwb syndrome. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm ob peb xyoos (feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb lub teb chaws) lawv tau ua heev lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm cov tshuaj, xws li kev phais, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, kev kawm txoj tib neeg lub hlwb, yees, raws li zoo raws li obstetric thiab geriatric xyaum.

Yog li, nootropics yog siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob nyob rau ntawm:

• mob cerebrovascular insufficiency;
• intoxication;
• neurosis thiab neurotic mob;
• Dementia ntawm txawv keeb kwm (ua tem toob, vascular thiab tus kab mob Alzheimer);
• psihorganicheskom syndrome;
• puas hlwb raug mob;
• vegetative-leeg tshav dystonia;
• cerebral plawv mob;
• kev txawj ntse-kev puas hlwb kev ntshawv siab (kev zoo concentration, nco thiab kev xav);
• mob alcoholism (psychoorganic syndrome, encephalopathy, ntsoos ntsoos);
• depressive, asthenic-depressive thiab asthenic syndrome;
• Cns;
• los txhim kho lub hlwb ua hauj lwm.

Indications rau cov me nyuam

Nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws, muab cov nyiaj yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho nyob rau hauv Pediatrics. Yog li, cov me nyuam nootropic tshuaj rau:

• hlwb ruamqauj;
• ncua kev hais lus thiab kev puas hlwb txoj kev loj hlob;
• cerebral palsy;
• los ntawm perinatal Cns txhab;
• xim nyiaj tsawg.

Lwm yam indications rau kev siv

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws neuroprotective tshuaj - qhov no yog cov tshuaj uas muaj ib tug qhia tau kho nyhuv thiab nws tsis muaj feem xyuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias xws li kev yog tej zaum kuj siv nyob rau hauv:

• lus thob-quav ( "Pantogam", "Phenibutum");
• kho neuroleptic syndrome ( "hopantenic acid," "Pyritinol", "deanol atseglumat", "Pantogam");
• hyperkinesis ( "hopantenic acid," "Phenibutum", "Memantine");
• dysuria ( "Pantogam", "nicotinoyl-GABA");
• pw tsaug zog mob ( "Phenibut", "Calcium gamma-hydroxybutyrate," "Glycine");
• migraine ( "Pyritinol", "nicotinoyl-GABA", "Semaks");
• kiv taub hau ( "Ginkgo biloba", "Phenibutum", "Pyracetam");
• rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov lus tsa suab mob kev nkeeg ( "GABA", "Phenibut").

Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv ophthalmic xyaum, xws cov nyiaj yog siv raws li ib feem ntawm kev ua ke nrog txoj kev kho rau qhib-angle glaucoma, vascular cov kab mob ntawm lub retina thiab cov macula ( "nicotinoyl-GABA"), raws li zoo raws li muaj hnub nyoog txog macular degeneration thiab ntshav qab zib retinopathy ( "Ginkgo biloba").

tej yam ntuj tso nootropics

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tshuaj, rau qhov kho nyhuv yog feem ntau ua hauj lwm tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj nrog uas zoo sib xws zog. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tej yam ntuj tso nootropics yog tsis raws li zoo li pharmacological cov neeg ua hauj, tab sis tom qab ib tug ob peb lub lim piam ntawm kev siv, cov neeg mob tseem yuav pib rau daim ntawv ceeb toom ib qho kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse muaj nuj nqi, thiab hais txog.