Naryn-kala Fortress, Dagestan, Derbent. Hauj lwm, excursion, keeb kwm

Naryn-kala Fortress (Dagestan) yog ib txwm hauv lub nroog ntawm Derbent. Qhov no citadel twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub UNESCO sau raws li ib tug tsim txiaj keeb kwm thiab kev cai monument ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no fwm phab ntsa, rooj vag thiab yees ntawm tus tiv thaiv txoj. Hauv lub fortress yog situated cov dej tso tsheb hlau luam thiab reservoirs, cov ntsiab lus, cross-domed tsev teev ntuj thiab Juma Mosque. Cov ob yog cov feem ntau ancient tuam tsev nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Scholars tseem sib cav tswv yim hais txog yuav ua li cas tau ntau xyoo Naryn-kala tau ua. Lub earliest tsim kho ntawm lub fortress yuav mus rau lub thib rau lub xyoo pua, thiab feem ntau tsis ntev los no - lub thib kaum tsib. Cia wb mus ib virtual ncig saib ntawm no ancient chaw tiv thaiv.

Naryn-kala fortress keeb kwm

Derbent nroog nws tus kheej ntau tshaj tsib txhiab xyoo. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub citadel hu ua Naryn-kala, piv txwv li hnub ci zog, pib ua Shah Kavad nyob rau hauv lub thib rau lub xyoo pua. Nws tus tub, Khosrow thawj Anushirwan, txuas ntxiv nws txiv lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab ua ib tug fortress phab ntsa, overlapping zaj ntawm lub Caucasus thiab cov Caspian hiav txwv. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws kav ntev npaum yog plaub caug kilometers. Lub phab ntsa mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv, yog li thaiv cov hlab txoj kev ntawm lub barbarians ntawm sab qaum teb los ntawm cov dej ntiav ntiav thiab cov defenders ntawm lub citadel muab yooj yim chaw nres nkoj. Tiam sis tag nrho cov vaj tse mus rau lub pre-Arab lub sij hawm ntawm thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Ib tug niaj hnub archaeological daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas nrhiav tau hais tias cov fortress Naryn-kala (Derbent), muaj ntau ancient hais sib haum surrounded los ntawm ib phab ntsa uas muaj av nkos cib. Nws hnub ntawm lub reign Yezdegerd II (438-457 xyoo) thiab yog hais txog lub caij Albanian-Sarmatian thiab cov Sassanian lub sij hawm. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua. Tsev av bricks tau muab tso rau ib lub pob zeb pedestal. Thaj, qhov no masonry belongs rau lub defensive phab ntsa ntawm Derbent, uas muaj txawm tsib txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Nyob qhov twg thiab yog vim li cas ntawm lub Naryn-kala ua tau

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog Persian faj tim teb chaws lossi raug mus tawm tsam ntawm lub barbarians-nomads los ntawm lub steppes nyob rau hauv lub Volga delta. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab yuav kaw qhov thiaj li hu ua Caspian rooj vag Dzhalganskogo ntawm lub spurs ntawm lub caj thiab lub hiav txwv. Resistant thiab robust masonry tuab thiab phab ntsa yog impregnable rau cov riam phom ntawm cov sij hawm. Tab sis tom qab lub Naryn-kala fortress tau tiv thaiv ntau sieges. Tom qab tag nrho cov defenders pab struts. Nyob rau peb sab ntawm cov slopes ntawm lub roob uas stands lub citadel, heev ntxhab.

Fort, tsis zoo li yav dhau los fortified ceg, tsis yog ib tug kev sib hais haum. Nws twb sawv ntawm ib co deb ntawm Derbent thiab inhabited los ntawm tus tiv thaiv leej twg guarded lub vos zaj. Tab sis lub tsev fuabtais yog tseem lub chaw nyob ntawm marzpanov - Iranian governors. Yog li ntawd tsis ntev nws los ua ib qho tseem ceeb tswj dej num, coj mus muag thiab kev cai center.

Cov haib citadel

Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, cov neeg shakes lub defensive peev xwm ntawm lub fortress. Nws zoo yog dictated los ntawm qhov nkhaus ntawm tus struts. Naryn- kala fortress yog ib qho lus polygon, contoured phab ntsa ntawm peb meters tuab. Builders siv rau soldering mortar thiab pob zeb blocks. Lub qhov siab ntawm cov phab ntsa yog kaum rau kaum ob meters. Nrog lub perimeter ntawm lub pej thuam yog - ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog 20-30 m los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub fortress - plaub thiab ib tug ib nrab hectares. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-western ntxeev ntawm lub stronghold yog ib tug square ntauwd, uas yog ib tug choj rau lub phab ntsa Doug tuav yuav tsum vov lub "Caspian zaj." Ib feem ntawm nws mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv, thiab lwm yam - nyob rau hauv lub roob. Thaum sib txawv theem ntawm lub fortress plaub loog. Los ntawm cov sab ntawm lub citadel ntawm Derbent guarded heev ntxhab nqes hav ntawm lub roob. Yog li ntawd hais tias cov pob zeb yuav tsum noj xwb yog hais tias muaj yog artillery. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1796, thaum lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Persian tsov rog.

Lub sab hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub fortress Naryn-kala

Persia tiv thaiv lub sab qaum teb frontiers ntawm lub citadel tau raug npaj rau ib tug ua tau ntev siege. Rau autonomous dej mov system underground raws tau ua, ua los ntawm lub roob springs mus rau lub pob zeb tso tsheb hlau luam nyob rau hauv lub fort. Ib tug ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua ... lub tsev teev ntuj Christian. Qhov no tus ntoo khaub lig-domed tsev tau tsa nyob rau hauv lub plaub los yog tsib caug xyoo. Tom qab ntawd nws yog siv raws li ib lub tuam tsev ntawm hluav taws-pe hawm - Zoroastrians. Thaum cov av no tsim Islam, tso tseg lub tsev. Nws maj mam mus underground thiab siv raws li ib tug reservoir rau cov dej cia. Paradoxically, ua tsaug rau pawg ntseeg no thiab dim rau peb lub sij hawm. Qhov no - cov hiob Christian tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Russia.

Los ntawm lub medieval monuments ntawm architecture xws li cov Juma mosque. Nws tseem yog tus hiob nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws siv belongs rau lub yim caug xyoo. Tab sis lub tsev yog reconstructed ob peb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov nram no centuries. Nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua ua ntej lub mosque ua tau madrasah. Kuv yog nyob rau hauv lub citadel Naryn-kala (Derbent), thiab lub Shah lub tsev. Tab sis nws tuaj rau peb nyob rau hauv ruins.

Siv cov kev faib ntawm ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Naryn-kala

Fortress, thiab nrog nws lub nroog tsis poob nws xaiv yaam tseem ceeb thiab cov sunset ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv lub citadel ntawm lub khans ntawm Derbent tswm. Lawv muab lub Naryn-kala fortress rau nws qhov chaw nyob. Shah lub palace twb tso tseg, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub citadel nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua tau ua tshiab Khan Chamber (thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm FET-Ali). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub complex ntxiv administrative vaj tse. Qhov no qhov taub (hauv qab daus rau txim), Rooj Zaum Khan (Office). Ntawm no pw qhov seem ntawm mausoleums nyob rau hauv Derbent lub rulers.

Fwm da dej thiab Khan (XVI-XVII century). Los ntawm puas tawm xyoo dhau Lavxias teb sab vaj tse xws li ib tug guardhouse. Tam sim no lub tuam tsev no yog ib daim duab gallery ntawm Derbent.

archaeological excavations

Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua fortress pib mus ua hauj lwm nrog historians los mus txiav txim qhov tseeb uas muaj hnub nyoog ntawm lub Naryn-kala. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov kev siv ntawm lub citadel thiab kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug defensive phab ntsa Doug tuav yuav tsum vov lub Derbent zaj txog mus rau lub thib caug xyoo. Tab sis archaeological kev tshawb fawb tau ncua lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov kev sib hais haum rov qab centuries. Nws hloov tawm hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv lub yim xyoo pua fortified hais sib haum muaj BC. Lub stratigraphy kev cai khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawd hais tias nws yuav los ntawm ib tug yooj yim keeb kwm. Alternation ntawm tshauv qhia tias Bloom muaj tej hluav taws. Tab sis qhov chaw yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub roob uas tam sim no stands lub fortress Naryn-kala, yeej tsis khoob lug cia. Control tshaj cov zaj ntawm lub Caspian Hiav txwv thiab lub Caucasus yeej ib txwm tau ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab coj mus muag kev sib raug zoo. Hais sib haum tshee loj hlob thiab tsim kom txog thaum lub Sassanid allergic.

qhib-cua tsev cia puav pheej

Nyob rau hauv 1989, nws tau tsim los ntawm lub State keeb kwm-Architectural Reserve. Nws muaj xws li cov laus ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog ntawm Derbent thiab tsev cia puav pheej complex "citadel Naryn-kala." Security tsam npog 2044 hectares. Nyob rau xws li ib tug loj cheeb tsam nyob txog ob puas thiab tsib caug monuments ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm. Qhov no pej xeem thiab thaj vaj tse, Christian thiab Muslim shrines, archaeological artefacts rho excavations. Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub citadel ntawm kev txaus siab rau tourists. Nws yuav tsum mus rau lub qub zos. Derbent, uas nws lub npe nyob rau hauv Persian txhais tau hais tias "Xauv rooj vag", tau yeej ib txwm tau inextricably txuas nrog nws fortress. Nyob rau hauv 2003, lub UNESCO Committee inscribed rau lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Sau ntawm tag nrho cov keeb kwm-architectural complex. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2013, raws li cov qhabnias ntawm kev pov npav ua ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Russia, Derbent fortress coj thib kaum tsib qhov chaw ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo thiab iconic landmarks ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Naryn-kala: ncig saib

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau saib cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws, uas tau mus xyuas lub citadel koj tus kheej? Yuav kom qhia ntau tshaj ntawm cov Ferris Khan palace ntawm lub xyoo pua. Nws kuj yuav nthuav mus saib nyob rau da dej. Qhov no qab daus qauv yog muab faib nyob rau hauv ob tug loj chav. Cov adjoins ob peb me me chav nrog ib tug vaulted ru tsev. Tsim ib tug mus ntsib thiab ib tug underground tsev rau txim-qhov taub. Lub tuam tsev no nyob rau hauv kaum ib meters sib sib zog nqus muaj tus duab ntawm ib tug jug. Zij phab ntsa tsis muab neeg nyob hauv nkuaj tsis muaj txoj kev uas yuav nce mus rau lub sab saum toj. Cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov rooj vag ntawm lub palace yog Orta-Qala nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb phab ntsa. Nws yuav tsum tau tseem yuav paub nrog cov dej haus system ntawm lub citadel. Fwm cov pob zeb thiab tej hub raj. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub Derbent neeg tseem yuav tau txais lawv cov dej los ntawm chaw thiab Haibulah Dgiarchi-Bulakh uas los los ntawm lub roob springs los ntawm ib tug ancient ciav dej. Thiab ntawm cov hoob kawm, koj muaj peev xwm tsis tawm hauv lub citadel, tsis mus xyuas lub Juma Mosque thiab lub ancient Christian lub tsev teev ntuj.