Mozart: daim ntawv teev. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: creativity

Cov koj Austrian composer V. A. Motsart yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Viennese classical tsev kawm ntawv. Nws lub txiaj ntsim raug manifested nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thaum yau. Nyob rau hauv Mozart tej hauj lwm xav tias ib tug rog xav txog ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub zog "Sturm und Drang" thiab cov German Enlightenment. Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, nws ua lub artistic kev ntawm qhov sib txawv kev cai thiab lub teb chaws cov tsev kawm ntawv. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Mozart, daim ntawv teev cov uas yog loj loj, muaj npaum li cas lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Nws tau sau ntau tshaj nees nkaum yeeb yam, plaub caug-ib symphonies, concertos rau ntau yam seev nrog orchestra, chamber suab paj nruag thiab piano tej hauj lwm.

Nyuag ntaub ntawv hais txog cov composer

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austrian composer) yug rau 01.27.1756, nyob rau hauv qhov zoo nkauj lub zos ntawm Salzburg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus composing? nws yog ib qho zoo heev harpsichordist, neeg xyuas pib, organist thiab nkauj laus ncas virtuoso. Nws muaj ib qho pob ntseg rau lub suab paj nruag, plush nco thiab lub siab xav rau improvisation. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart yog ib tug ntawm cov poj composers , tsis tsuas nws lub sij hawm, tab sis kuj rau tam sim no. Nws ntse heev yog reflected nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam. Tej hauj lwm ntawm Mozart nrov kom deb li deb. Qhov no qhia tias cov composer yog "lub xeem ntawm lub sij hawm." Nws lub npe feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv tib lub ua tsis taus pa nrog Haydn thiab Beethoven, raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm Viennese Classicism.

Biography thiab lub tswv yim txoj kev. 1756-1780 xyoo ntawm lub neej

Mozart yug nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 27, 1756. Sau los ua thaum ntxov, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm peb. Tus thawj music xib fwb yog nws txiv. Nyob rau hauv 1762 nws mus nrog nws txiv thiab nws tus muam nyob rau hauv ib tug loj artistic lus rau ntau lub zos nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, England, Fabkis, Switzerland, lub Netherlands. Thaum lub sij hawm no yog cov thawj hauj lwm ntawm Mozart. Daim ntawv teev cov maj expanding. Txij li thaum 1763 nws tau nyob rau hauv Paris. Tsim Sonatas rau Nkauj laus ncas thiab Harpsichord. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm 1766-1769 lub neej nyob rau hauv Salzburg thiab Vienna. Nrog Library raus nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub compositions ntawm tus poj masters. Ntawm lawv, Handel, Durante, Carissimi, Stradella thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1770-1774 gg. Nws nyob mas nyob rau hauv ltalis. Tau ntsib nrog tus naas ej thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub composer - Yauxej Mysliveček, uas nws cawv yuav tsum havzoov nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Wolfgang Amadeus. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1775-1780 mus rau Munich, Paris thiab Mannheim. Muaj nyiaj txiag teeb meem. Deprived niam. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no muaj ntau yam hauj lwm sau los ntawm Mozart. Sau lawv yog cov loj loj. Lawv yog:

• Concerto rau raj nplaim thiab harp;
• Rau keyboard sonatas;
• ob peb sab ntsuj plig choruses;
• Symphony 31 nyob rau hauv D loj tonality, uas yog hu ua cov Paris;
• kaum ob tus neeg dhia tes chav thiab ntau ntau lwm yam kev.

Biography thiab lub tswv yim txoj kev. 1779-1791 xyoo ntawm lub neej

Nyob rau hauv 1779, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Salzburg tsev hais plaub organist. Nyob rau hauv 1781 nyob rau hauv Munich nrog zoo zoo lub premiere ntawm nws opera "Idomeneo". Qhov no yog ib tug tshiab lem nyob rau hauv lub hmoo ntawm lub tswv yim cwm pwm. Tom qab ntawd nws yog nyob rau hauv Vienna. Nyob rau hauv 1783 nws yuav Constanze Weber. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, mus phem ua yeeb yam ntawm Mozart. Sau lawv yog tsis yog li ntawd zoo kawg thiab. Qhov no opera L'oca del Cairo thiab lauj sposo deluso, uas tseem tsis tiav. Nyob rau hauv 1786 nws tau sau ib qho zoo heev "Le Nozze di Figaro" nyob rau libretto los ntawm Lorenzo da Ponte. Nws twb staged nyob rau hauv Vienna thiab ib tug zoo zoo. Muaj ntau ntseeg hais tias qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Mozart lub opera. Nyob rau hauv 1787 nws luam tawm tsis pub tsawg kev vam meej opera, uas yog tseem tsim nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog Lorenzo da Ponte. Nws yog "Don Giovanni". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau raug tsa "Imperial thiab muaj koob muaj npe chamber tshuab raj". Rau cov uas nws tau them 800 florins. Nws sau tau seev cev rau masques thiab comic opera. Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1791 Mozart coj tus ncej ntawm pab neeg xyuas pib ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm St. Stephen lub Cathedral. Nws twb tsis them nyiaj, tab sis muaj ib lub sij hawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm Leopold Hoffman (uas yog mob heev) coj nws qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1791 ib tug composer cov ntse heev tau tuag lawm. Muaj ob versions ntawm qhov ua rau ntawm nws txoj kev tuag. Tus thawj yog cov sequelae ntawm tus kab mob rheumatic fever. Qhov thib ob version yog zoo li cov lus dab neeg, tab sis yog txaus siab los ntawm ntau musicologists. Qhov no composer Salieri tshuaj lom Mozart.

Basic Mozart. daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm

Opera - yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab yam ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Nws muaj ib lub tsev kawm opera zingshpili, opera seria thiab buffa, raws li zoo raws li ib tug zoo kawg opera. Los ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm lub Cheebtsam:

• lub tsev kawm ntawv opera: "Lub transformation ntawm Hyacinth," no kuj hu ua "Apollo thiab Hyacinth";
• Opera seria "Idomeneo" ( "Eliyas Idamante"), "La Clemenza di Tito", "mitridate";
• Opera buffa "La Finta Giardiniera", "cheat nraug vauv", "Lub sib yuav ntawm Figaro," "Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov," "Cairo gus", "Don Giovanni", "sham simpleton";
• zingshpili "Bastien und Bastienne", "Zayed", "Lub abduction los ntawm cov Seraglio";
• grand opera "opera Cov khawv koob Tshuab raj nplaim";
• ua txuj muab tus neeg dhia tes "Knick-knacks";
• Pawg: 1768-1780, tsim nyob rau hauv Salzburg, Munich thiab Vienna;
• Requiem (1791);
• Oratorio "dim Vetuliya";
• cantata "penitent David," "Kev Xyiv Fab Los ntawm masons," "Koj, tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub ntug," "Little Masonic Cantata".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Ua hauj lwm rau orchestra

Tej hauj lwm los ntawm Mozart rau orchestra ntaus nws loj. Lawv yog:

• symphony;
• concerts thiab Rondo rau Piano thiab Orchestra rau violin thiab orchestra;
• Concerto rau ob tug Violins thiab Orchestra nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm C loj, rau violin, viola thiab orchestra, rau raj nplaim thiab orchestra nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm G loj, rau oboe, Clarinet thiab orchestra, Bassoon, Horn, Tshuab raj nplaim thiab Harp (C loj );
• Concerto rau ob tug Pianos thiab Orchestra (E tiaj loj) thiab peb (F loj);
• Divertimenti thiab Serenades rau orchestra, txoj hlua, cua khaub ncaws ntau.

Daim rau orchestra thiab khaub ncaws ntau

Muaj ntau tsim rau orchestra thiab khaub ncaws ntau Mozart. Nto moo tej hauj lwm:

• Galimathias musicum (1766);
• Maurerische Trauermusik (1785);
• Ein musikalischer Spa (1787);
• Marches (ib co ntawm lawv tuaj koom lub Serenade);
• seev cev (lub teb chaws seev cev, Ländlers, minuets);
• lub tsev teev ntuj sonatas, quartets, quintets, trios, duets thiab variations.

Keyboard (Piano)

Suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm ntawm Mozart rau qhov cuab tam yog heev nrov nrog pianists. Lawv yog:

• Sonata 1774 - C loj (K 279), F loj (K 280), G loj (K 283); 1775 G. - D loj (K 284); 1777 - C loj (K 309), D loj (K 311); 1778 G. - Me (R 310) C loj (K 330) Ib tug loj (331 K), F loj (332 K), Cu tiaj loj (K 333); 1784 - C Me (K 457); 1788 - F loj (K 533), C loj (K 545);
• Kaum tsib Variations mus (1766-1791);
• Rondo (1786, 1787);
• u (1782, 1785);
• txawv daim.

Symphony № 40 los ntawm WA Mozart

Mozart lub symphonies tau tsim los ntawm 1764 mus 1788 Lub peb tau ua tus loj tshaj kev kawm tau ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tag nrho cov Wolfgang sau 50 symphonies. Tab sis lub numbering ntawm domestic musicology yog suav tias yog lub kawg 41 Symphony ( "Jupiter").

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws symphonies ntawm Mozart (№ 39-41) yog cim tsim yaam tshab uas tsis tau ntsia thaum typing. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ib tug fundamentally tshiab artistic lub tswv yim.

Symphony tooj 40 yog lub nrov tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tus thawj feem pib agitated suab paj nruag Violins lo lus nug-lus teb qauv. Tsev tog nco Cherubino lub Aria los ntawm cov opera "Lub sib yuav ntawm Figaro." Secondary ntsiab yog lyrical thiab melancholy, yog ib tug loj zoo. Kev loj hlob pib ib tug me ntsis suab paj nruag bassoons. Muaj tsaus ntuj nti thiab mournful laus. Nws pib tus ua txoj kev txiav txim. Reprise amplifies lub voltage.

Qhov thib ob yog ib feem yog yeej los ntawm twj ywm thiab contemplative mus ob peb vas. Nws kuj yog siv Sonata daim ntawv. Hu nkauj lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov violas, ces nqa nws nkauj laus ncas. Qhov thib ob lub npe zoo ib yam li "fluttering".

Qhov thib peb - ib tug nyob ntsiag to, siab mos siab muag thiab melodious. Txoj kev loj hlob theem peb rov qab mus rau lub agitated mus ob peb vas, ntxhov siab vim zoo nkaus li. Reprise - yog dua ib tug kaj thought. Qhov thib peb ib feem - cov minuet nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov peb-quarters. Lub ntsiab ntsiab lus - nrog lub siab tawv thiab kev txiav txim. Nws yog ua nkauj laus ncas thiab tshuab raj nplaim. Lub trio tshwm sim tshab pastoral suab.

Lub ceev ceev finale tseem ua txoj kev loj hlob, kho kom sawvdaws xeeb nws siab tshaj plaws taw tes - qhov climax. Ntxhov siab vim thiab kev zoo siab xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov seem ntawm ib feem plaub. Thiab tsuas yog tus kawg tuav ua ib tug me me daim ntawv qhia.

V. A. Motsart yog ib qho zoo heev harpsichordist, neeg xyuas pib, organist thiab nkauj laus ncas virtuoso. Nws muaj ib qho pob ntseg rau lub suab paj nruag, plush nco thiab lub siab xav rau improvisation. Nws zoo heev tej hauj lwm muaj npaum li cas lawv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov suab paj nruag.