Moscow State University (MGU) muaj npe tom qab Lomonosov: keeb kwm, piav qhia, tshwj xeeb

Lomonosov Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia) - ib qho zoo heev lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov neeg hluas uas xav mus devote nws lub neej mus rau science los yog kom tau ib tug zoo tag nrho-round kev kawm ntawv, yuav qhib lub qhov rooj rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm uas Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws tuam txhab uas muag.

University puag

Moscow State University yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1755 tom qab Lomonosov thiab Shuvalov. Lub hnub qhib yog yuav nyob rau hauv 1754, tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm qhov kho kev ua hauj lwm. Decree rau hauv lub qhib ntawm lub tsev kos npe rau Empress Elizabeth nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no ntawm lub tib lub xyoo. Noj peb caug qhov kev tshwm sim txhua txhua xyoo mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Tatiana hnub lom. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm cov thawj lectures kuv pib nyeem. Lub curator ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog Ivan Shuvalov thiab cov thawj coj - Alexey Argamakov. Cov feem nthuav yog hais tias tsis muaj ntawm cov hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv tej hais lus rau cov lus qhib, twb tsis hais Mikhail Lomonosov. Historians cwj pwm no mus rau lub fact tias Ivan Shuvalov tau appropriated lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim kom muaj lub Moscow State University, thiab lub yeeb koob ntawm nws, thiab kuj nkag tau rau hauv cov kev ua ub ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev cai uas yog cov feem ntau eagerly contested Lomonosov thiab lwm yam hnyav zaum. Qhov no yog tsuas yog ib tug assumption, ntawv pov thawj uas tsis yog. Ib txhia historians ntseeg hais tias tus Lomonosov tsuas hauj lwm Shuvalov.

tswj

Lomonosov Moscow State University twb subordinated rau tsoom fwv Senate. University xib fwb subordinate tsuas mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev hais plaub, uas twb mus los ntawm tus thawj coj thiab curator. Lub curator yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub teb tswj ntawm lub tsev, lub sij hawm ntawm cov xib fwb, pom zoo los ntawm cov kev cob qhia kev pab cuam, thiab hais txog. D. Tus thawj coj raug xaiv los ntawm tsis tau tso cai cov neeg thiab nqa tawm xyuas kev ua ub no. Nws cov hauj lwm kuj muaj muab cov ntaub ntawv uas sab ntawm lub qhov teeb meem thiab tsim kom muaj xov xwm uas nto moo zaum thiab lwm yam kev kawm hauv tsev. Yuav kom tus thawj coj txiav txim siab tau txais tag nrho cov kev quab yuam ntawm nws yuav tsum tau muab kev pom zoo los ntawm tus thawj saib xyuas. Yog hais tias tus thawj coj yog ib tug xib fwb kev sib tham, uas muaj 3 professors thiab 3 ntsuam xyuas tau tus.

XVIII xyoo pua

Moscow Lomonosov University (MGU) nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua yuav muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm peb faculties: philosophy, tshuaj thiab kev cai lij choj. Michael KHERASKOV nyob rau hauv 1779 tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv nce tsev kawm ntawv, uas ua lub chav xyaum tes taw nyob rau hauv 1930. Qhov tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xovxwm yog suav tias yog Nikolai Novikov (1780 xyoo). Muaj luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Moscow Xov xwm", uas yog lub nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Tsis ntev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv pib tsim thawj scientific lub zej lub zos.

XIX xyoo pua

Txij li thaum 1804 lub tsev kawm ntawv kev tswj raug coj tshaj los ntawm lub Council thiab tus Rector, uas tau pom zoo tus kheej los ntawm cov huab tais. Lub council muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws professors. Rector lub re-kev xaiv tsa coj qhov chaw txhua txhua xyoo los ntawm daim card daim ntawv xaiv tsa. Ib yam li ntawd, raug xaiv deans. Tus thawj rector, uas tau raug xaiv los ntawm xws li ib tug system tau ua H. Chebotarev. Lub Council ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, kev soj ntsuam kev txawj ntse ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab lub sij hawm ntawm cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab kawm ntawv qib siab. Txhua lub hlis nyob rau hauv lub Lomonosov Moscow State University nyob lub rooj sib tham mob siab tshiab scientific discoveries thiab thwmsim. Executive lub cev los ua Board, muaj raws ntawm cov rector thiab cov deans. Kev sib txuas lus ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov thawj coj thiab lub hwj chim yog siv los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm ib tug trustee. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub faculties ntawm Moscow State University hu ua tom qab M. V. Lomonosova undergone ib co kev hloov: lawv tau muab faib mus rau 4 ceg ntawm sciences (nom tswv, hais lus, lub cev thiab xaam, thiab kev kho mob).

XX xyoo pua

Nyob rau hauv 1911 muaj ib tug scandal - "Casso tshaj plaws." Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws lub tsev kawm ntawv rau 6 xyoo tawm hauv txog 30 professors thiab 130 lecturers. Yam ntaus los ntawm no physico-zauv kws qhia ntawv, uas tom qab ncaim ntawm P. Lebedev nres nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob rau 15 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1949, pib qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug tshiab lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub Sparrow Hills, uas nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ua rau lub ntsiab lub tsev kawm ntawv lub tsev. Nyob rau hauv 1992, lub rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv raug xaiv nto moo mathematician Vladimir Sadovnichy.

qhia cov txheej txheem

Koj xav paub dab tsi tiag tiag ntawm Moscow State University hu ua tom qab Lomonosov? Nyob rau hauv 2011, tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab universities twb mus rau ib tug ob-theem system ntawm kev kawm ntawv, uas prescribes lub Bologna Convention. Dua li no, lub Moscow State University tseem qhia cov menyuam kawmntawv rau integrated 6 xyoo. Rector Viktor Sadovnichy hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv npaj rau yav tom ntej tshwj xeeb raws li lawv tus kheej cov qauv. Nws hais ntxiv txog qhov tseeb hais tias lawv yuav tsum yog nyob rau ib theem saum toj no rau hauv lub xeev. Rau cov tub kawm uas muaj ob tug tau ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev kawm - specialties thiab tswv. Kev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb yuav kav 6 xyoo thiab tseem yog ib tug bachelor ntawm tej faculties. Tshuaj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev kawm ntawv muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm view rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog: ib tug neeg pom zoo ntawm ib tug neeg tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug hurry mus kos kev xaus lus.

qauv

Rau hnub tim, lub University muaj ntau tshaj 600 vaj tse, uas nws tag nrho cheeb tsam yog hais txog 1 million square meters. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv cheeb tsam nws npog txog 200 hectares. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus Moscow nroog tsoom fwv tau faib 120 ha cheeb tsam rau cov tshiab uas ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tus active kev ua hauj lwm nqa tawm txij li thaum 2003. Lub cheeb tsam twb tau nyob rau hauv lub nqi tsev. Siv cov kev faib yog lom zem ntau ua tsaug rau cov kev pab los ntawm JSC "Inteko." Lub tuam txhab tau ua ib saab ib feem ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm ob chaw nyob thiab ib tug nres tsheb thaj tsam. Lub University muaj ib feem ntawm 30% ntawm cov pem teb chaw thiab 15% ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd lub teb chaws yog los tsim plaub vaj tse lwm tus lub yuav tsum muaj cov tsev qiv ntawv. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau ntawm ib tug me me lub zos, uas yuav house ib laboratory thiab kev tshawb fawb tsev thiab lub chaw ntau pob.

Nyob rau hauv 2005, lub ntsiab tsev qiv ntawv ua tau. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 2007, cov tswv nroog ntawm lub nroog Yuri Luzhkov thiab cov Moscow State University Rector inaugurated ob yam tseem ceeb cov khoom: thawj kawm lub tsev ntawm Moscow State University, uas yog nyob rau hauv peb lub tuam tsev (public administration, keeb kwm thiab philosophical) thiab cov system of 5 vaj tse rau lub noj qab haus huv chaw (lub tsev kho mob, tsev kho mob, diagnostic thiab xav tso tsheb hlau luam thiab kev kawm lub tsev). Lub caij ntuj no ntawm 2009 yog ib tug ceremonial qhib ntawm peb humanitarian lub cev, uas yog npaj mus rau qhov chaw cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Economics. Ib xyoo tom qab, lub 4 Corps twb qhib, uas tas cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai lij choj. Nyob rau hauv lub Lomonosov Avenue yog tsim los ntawm ib tug underground walkway uas kev cob cog rua cov qub thiab tshiab chaw.

Nyob rau hauv 2011, thawj kawm lub tsev, nyob rau hauv lub tshiab lub teb chaws, lub npe hu ua "Shuvalov," thiab lwm tus nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho yuav tau muab hu ua "Lomonosov". tsev kawm ntawv affiliates muaj txawm nyob sab nraum lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tej thaj chaw deb ntawm cov ces kaum: nyob rau hauv Astana, Dushanbe, Baku, Yerevan, Tashkent thiab Sevastopol.

Academic lub neej

State University hu ua tom qab Lomonosov (MSU) yog nto moo rau feemxyuam kws tshawb fawb, uas tsis tu ncua luam tawm nthuav ua hauj lwm thiab kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 2017, lub Moscow State University biologists tau luam tawm ib daim ntawv qhia uas pom qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm thiab "tsis yog" mitochondria. Tau ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal Scientific Reports. ib txoj kev tshiab los pab ntsuam xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm cov ib puag ncig tau raug tsim. Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog lub npe hu rau tsis tsuas zoo-paub zaum uas twb tsim tau ib lub npe rau nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj cov tub ntxhais txuj ci. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv 2017 los ua tus laureates ntawm lub Moscow tsoom fwv nqi zog.

faculties

Lomonosov Moscow State University muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv xaiv ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Muaj txog 30 faculties. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ua hauj lwm lub Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Economics, Kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub lag luam, cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov tub rog kev tshawb fawb, Kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv ntawm txhais lus thiab hais txog. D. Muaj kuj yog ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv chav xyaum tes taw uas yuav siv sij hawm me nyuam ntsuag. Yuav ua li cas nthuav tej yam uas peb muaj peev xwm kawm txog lub Lomonosov Moscow State University? Cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics yog ib qho ntawm feem hnyav, thiab kev zoo yog vim li cas. Nws yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw rau kawm physics ntawm tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj, vim hais tias ntawm no yog ua kev tshawb fawb uas tau txais ntiaj teb no tshaj tawm. Ua kws qhia ntawv - nws yog zaum uas yog lub npe hu rau lawv cov discoveries thiab cov tswv yim, txawm txawv teb chaws. Qhov no department twb tsim nyob rau hauv 1933, thiab ces nws tau hu ua lub Department of Seb thiab Theoretical Physics. Ntawm no qhia scholars xws li Vavilov, Bogolyubov, A. Tikhonov. Ntawm 10 Lavxias teb sab Nobel laureates 7 kev kawm thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm no tus kws qhia ntawv: Prokhorov, Kapitsa, J. Frank, Ginzburg, Landau, AA Abrikosov thiab Tamm.

Summing li qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm no los xyuas tsab xov xwm, kuv xav hais tias MSU. University - ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab universities, yog hais tias tsis zoo tshaj plaws. Ua ib tug xaiv rau txhua entrant yuav tsum muaj, vim hais tias kev kawm ntawv yuav qhib li ntau lub sij hawm no. Lub chaw ntawm no tsev kawm ntawv yog tsis zoo li ib zaug hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, vim hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv lub ceg yuav luag yeej tsis shortfalls.