Kharkov boiler 1942

Raws li peb paub, los ntawm tus thawj hnub ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II thiab rau ob peb lub hlis cov Soviet rog retreated thoob plaws qhov ntev ntawm lub thaj ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm swift pace ntawm tus yeeb ncuab raug nres nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1941, nyob rau outskirts ntawm Moscow. Ces tus nqi ntawm loj dag zog ntawm lub Red Army yog tau muab pov rau hauv lub Nazis. Qhov no muab sawv rau cov tub rog commanders ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub npaj txhij ntawm pab tub rog mus kev offensive tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los, xws misconceptions tau coj mus rau ib tug teeb meem nyob ze Kharkiv.

Tus thawj txoj kev npaj

By lub sij hawm thaum tus nres ntawm lub German pab tub rog twb ntse lawm, thiab, Ntxiv, cov yeeb ncuab twb ces muab pov tseg rov qab los ntawm Moscow ciam teb rau lwm rau ib tug ncaj ncaj ncees deb, feem ntau ntawm cov kev lag luam twb evacuated mus rau lub Urals, qhov twg hloov nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhauj ua ib tug active zus tau tej cov tub rog cov khoom. Tau txais daim ntawv ntawm riam phom rau cov tub rog rov qab mus rau qub, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ho nce lub neeg ntawm cov tub rog. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub quarter thib ob ntawm 1942 nws muaj kev tswj los mus tsim tsis tau tsuas yog ua tiav ntawm cov tub rog, tab sis cov tub rog thiab lub zeem cia cuaj.

Raws li cov kev tshwm sim, lub High kom txiav txim siab los mus tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm offensive ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm pem hauv ntej nrog tus aim los demoralize tus yeeb ncuab, tsis txhob cia nws koom nrog lawv cov tub rog, txiav tawm lub yav qab teb pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Germans thiab, nias kom lawv ua kom puas. Ntawm cov tswv yim ua hauj lwm thiab twb teev Kharkov boiler 1942.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej kev sib tsoo

Nyob rau hauv Soviet sab, nws twb txiav txim siab los muaj xws li nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua cov tub rog ntawm peb fronts - Bryansk, South-West thiab South. Cov muaj ntau tshaj ib xyoo caum ntawm chav caj npab armies, raws li zoo raws li xya tank shells thiab ntau tshaj nees nkaum cais tank brigades. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau pem hauv ntej kab tau tom cia, uas muaj ntxiv armored units. Kharkov 1942 boiler npaj zoo zoo, thiaj li hais tias cov koom tes los ntawm ntau tshaj 640 txhiab cov tub rog tau npaj rau yav tom ntej battles, xws li tub ceev xwm, thiab 1.2 txhiab tso tsheb hlau luam.

Hais kom tag nrho cov lag luam twb tseem muab nrog rau cov thawj cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws tus tub rog coj noj coj ua. Ntawm cov coj noj coj ua yog lub taub hau ntawm lub South-Western Pem hauv ntej, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, commander ntawm lub tsev hauv paus mus los ntawm Ivan Bagramyan thiab Nikita Khrushchev. Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub yav qab teb pem hauv ntej ntawm lub sij hawm yog Lieutenant-General Rodion Malinovsky. Hitler rog coj los ntawm Field Marshal Fedor von Bock. Common rog suav peb cov tub rog, nrog rau cov Sixth Army ntawm Paulus. Rau nws ib feem, lub Wehrmacht hu ua lub lag luam cov boiler Kharkov 1942 "Frederikus".

npaj ua hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1942, Soviet troops pib npaj maneuvers. Nws pib tsim ntawm ib tug muaj zog foothold nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm South-Western Pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv lub Kharkiv cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog ntawm raisin, nyob ze ntawm lub Seversky Donets River, nyob rau hauv sab hnub poob bank uas muaj kev tswj los mus tsim thiab txhawb ib tug ntxiv offensive ntawm Kharkov thiab Dnepropetrovsk. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub Soviet pab tub rog muaj peev xwm mus txiav lub railway kab, uas tas cov mov ntawm cov yeeb ncuab chav nyob. Tab sis caij nplooj ntoos hlav tau tuaj thiab nrog nws lub daus uas tau yaj me ntsis rau hauv txoj kev intervened nyob rau hauv tsov rog lub hom phiaj - offensive yuav tsum tau muab tso tseg.

forestall

Raws li cov kev pab them nqi ntawm cov German High kom assumed tias lub boiler Kharkov 1942 yog chiv qhia nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj rau lub Soviet Army tsim ib tug bridgehead, thiab ces mus rau cov ib puag ncig. Nazis nres yog tau pib nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 18, tab sis cov tub rog liab ua ntej ntawm lub Germans, pib mus tua rau hnub ua ntej lawm. Lub lag luam yog launched nrog simultaneous tawm tsam nyob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab units los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb. Raws li cov tswv yim ntawm lub Soviet hais kom ua, cov Sixth Army yog nkag tau rau hauv lub cheeb tsam - nyob rau hauv Kharkov boiler. Nyob rau hauv 1942 los ntawm thaum pib ciali heev pheej - chiv npaj Soviet sib txuas tau ntse siv. Tsib hnub tom qab, lawv ua tau tswj mus nias rau qhov Germans rau Kharkov.

Ib txhij, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb sab ntawm lub Germans oppress xwb peb Soviet cov tub rog, uas tswj mus ua txhaum los ntawm lub German defenses thiab faus rau hauv ib lub zos me me, nyob qhov twg ntev tsiv sib ntaus sib tua pib. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb nws yog rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm lub lag luam tswj kom delve rau hauv lub German defenses rau 65 kis lus mev. Txawm li cas los, South-West thiab South fronts tsis muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau heev kom nquag plias, tas cov Germans lub sij hawm txheeb tawm qhov teeb meem no thiab kom regroup lub pab tub rog, nqa tag nrho cov feem nrog lub rov chaw.

Tus thawj failures - lub harbingers ntawm kev puas tsuaj

Lag luam "Kharkov boiler" (1942) twb muaj nyob rau ntse rau lub Soviet sab xwb nyob rau hauv thawj ob peb hnub. Los ntawm kawg ntawm tus thib tsib hnub ntawm sib ntaus sib tua, nws los ua tseeb tias tej yam uas yuav tsis raws li npaj. By lub sij hawm no tus tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muab zoo nkauj tiag lawm, thiab Soviet pab tub rog - yuav tawm mus ua ntej, tab sis lawv tseem stamped rau pem hauv ntej kab. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb seem ntawm ib tug defensive sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov German tawm tsam tau nruj. Historians tau sau tseg hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm lub nres rau sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb sab ua inconsistently. Lub tebchaw ntawm lub yav qab teb thiab sab qab teb-Western fronts, thiab tag nrho cov ua inconsistently, tsim loj failures nyob rau hauv lub lag luam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis tsim reserves, kev npaj ntawm engineering lug thiab tej yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis tshua tsawg theem. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb sab twb tsis ruaj kaw ntom nti ua tiv thaiv. Nws yog ib nrab yog vim li cas vim li cas lub boiler Kharkov 1942 nws thiaj li muab ib tug kev puas tsuaj rau lub Soviet pab tub rog. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov hais kom tsis koom nrog tau ib tug German offensive thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam. Tej cog qoob loo tshwm sim mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug foothold.

Riposte

German pab tub rog kuj los ntaus ob blows rau sab qab teb sab springboard los xyaum kom lub offensive rau lub raisin. Thaum lub sij hawm no ib feem ntawm cov Cuaj Army yog lub luag hauj lwm. Nws twb npaj hais tias cov Germans ua txhaum los ntawm lub Soviet defenses thiab pab tub rog txiav mus rau hauv ob qhov chaw nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav puag khawm thiab txov lawv nyias. Tom ntej no nws yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv lub offensive ua kom puas tag nrho pab tub rog pab pawg neeg, uas tau entrenched lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub bridgehead.

Nyob rau hnub thib tsib ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Thawj Panzer Army muaj kev tswj kom ua txhaum los ntawm tus tiv thaiv thiab kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm lub Red Army ntaus. Ntxiv uas nyob rau thawj hnub lawv tau mus txiav tawm los ntawm lub ntsiab rog ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub yav qab teb pem hauv ntej thiab tau lawv tawm mus rau sab hnub tuaj rau kaum hnub. Tej zaum twb Kharkov boiler 1942 (yees duab, txheeb ze rau cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas) twb ibtxhi. Tymoshenko, paub hais tias tus xav ua kom qhov teeb meem no, nug Moscow rau kev tso cai tawm. Txawm tias Alexander Vasilevsky, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb tsa Chief ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm, pub Stalin hais tias nws cov categorical "tsis tau." Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau Tej zaum 23 Loj tooj ntawm Soviet troops tau surrounded.

Tus yeeb ncuab lub cuab

Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd cov tub rog liab sim nyuaj mus ua txhaum los ntawm lub blockade. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub German tub ceev xwm recalled lub frantic thiab mob siab heev nres incredibly loj tus naj npawb ntawm infantry. Daws tsis tau tshwj xeeb yog muaj kev vam meej: peb hnub los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub chaw Soviet troops raug ntiab mus rau ib tug kuj me me cheeb tsam ze ntawm lub zos me me ntawm Barvinkove. Nws yog tsuas yog thawj theem ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog. Kharkov boiler tsuas yog cov zajlus kom tsim nyog tau ntawm ib tug tsis muaj kev kawm thiab tsis muaj kev sib haum. yuav tsis tau tawm ntawm lub encirclement ntawm lub Soviet vim ntawm muaj zog German defenses. Ob Tymoshenko tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus yuav ua li cas tab sis kom txhob offensive.

Cuaj kaum, npaj siab yuav thim ntawm lawv ib ncig ze txuas ntxiv rau ob peb hnub. Dua li ntawm qhov loj loj losses (lus txom daim ntawv teev cov neeg raug dag hais yog) Kharkov Boiler tswj mus ua txhaum los ntawm ib tug me ntsis lub zos nyob ze Lozovenka. Tab sis yog tau kev khiav los ntawm cov ntxiab tsuas ib feem kaum yog ib feem ntawm ntes tau nyob rau hauv nws. Nws yog ib tug crushing swb. Kuj tuag nyob rau hauv lub Kharkov boiler 1942 - 171.000 neeg - poob lawv lub neej cia li ntawd cia li, peb yuav hais, vim hais tias ntawm lub whims ntawm Stalin. Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov poob mus txog 270 txhiab.

dire txim

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov yuav tau txais ntawm lub tsis ua hauj lwm yog tag nrho cov weakening ntawm lub Soviet defenses raws tag nrho ntev ntawm lub yav qab teb pem hauv ntej. Haum loj rog tau nyiaj ua lag luam nyob rau hauv lub Kharkov boiler (1942). Siab nyob rau lub raws taw tes rau hauv kev tsov rog, nws yog mob heev heev. Thiab lub Wehrmacht yog, ntawm chav kawm, zoo-siv.

Lub Germans launched ib tug loj heev offensive nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov Caucasus thiab cov Volga. Nyob rau hauv lig rau hli ntuj, tom qab dhau ntawm Kharkov thiab Kursk, lawv tsoo mus txog rau lub Don. Them dearly Kharkov boiler 1942 - cov npe ntawm cov qhov tuag rov tuaj koom ob peb senior tub rog commanders, xws li commanders ntawm cov tub rog thiab fronts. Tab sis, thaum retreating qhov chaw ntawm lub Southwestern Pem hauv ntej losses twb txiav txim siab. Thaum lub Germans muab Voronezh thiab tsiv mus rau Rostov, lub Soviet pab tub rog poob neeg raug kaw los ntawm 80 mus 200 txhiab fighters. Rostov noj ntawm tus kawg ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub yim hli ntuj, tus yeeb ncuab tuaj rau Stalingrad - ib tug milestone hais tias cov Germans yuav tsis tau kov yeej.

Hais txog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv Kharkov yog kawg triumph ntawm lub Wehrmacht nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, nws sau tau ib phau ntawv Konstantin Bykov - "Kharkov boiler 1942 xyoo."

Rov qab mus rau Kharkov

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv Kharkov ciam teb rau lwm ntau tshaj li ib zaug. Thiab qhov no yog to taub. Hitler pib nws nres precisely nrog Belarus thiab Ukraine. Nyob rau hauv le caag los Kharkov, Soviet troops twb pib ua kom pom tseeb thiab kawm mus tua rov qab cov yeeb ncuab. Yog li, tus thawj boiler Kharkov 1941 "kub" nyob rau hauv lub hlis ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj. Ces ob sab tiv thaiv desperately rau lub industrial wealth ntawm lub nroog. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm lub sij hawm lub nroog poob, feem ntau ntawm cov loj manufactures los yog twb tau exported los yog puas lawm.

Qhov thib peb clash nyob rau hauv tib thaj tsam tshwm sim ib xyoo tom qab lub thib ob sib ntaus sib tua. Lwm Kharkov boiler - 1943 - twb tsim nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj thiab lub peb hlis ntuj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Kharkiv thiab Voronezh. Thiab lub sij hawm no, lub nroog kuj tau commissioned. Poob rau ntawm ob sab tshaj impressive.