Monument Cheka nyob rau hauv Kiev: keeb kwm, piav qhia, dismantling. Leej twg yog cov tub ceev xwm?

Lub Soviet era tshuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov monuments, stelae thiab monuments, txoj kev uas hnub no yog tsis meej xwm. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib tug monument rau Cheka, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv Kiev Lybidska cheeb tsam.

Lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb thiab bronze

Lub Soviet tsoom fwv them nyiaj zoo zoo saib cov ideological kev kawm ntawv ntawm nws cov pej xeem. Lossis loj nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj faib los ntawm lub xeev pob nyiaj siv rau qhov kev siv ntawm ntau yam monuments thiab monuments thoob plaws nws lub teb chaws. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, txhiab tus sculpted saum, steles, tib hom memorial ceg sawv nyob rau hauv txhua lub nroog, lub zos thiab lub zos ntawm cov loj loj lub hwj chim.

Soviet-era monuments tau ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau cov feem ntau ua los ntawm bronze, pob zeb los yog plaster. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nkauj thiab kev paub qhia lo piv txwv ntawm Soviet monumental kos duab tsim nyob rau hauv lub zos loj thiab capitals ntawm yav tas los Soviet republics. Nws yog tsis muaj kev zam thiab lub nroog ntawm Kiev.

Txoj kev thiab squares nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub Ukrainian capital thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era tau pom yam tsawg kawg yog rau pua pua ntawm txawv monuments, cim thiab plaques. Ntawm lawv, cov majestic nees monument Shchors, kaum ob saum Vladimira Ilicha Lenina, lub loj heev monument "chekists - cov tub rog ntawm lub kiv puag ncig" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb demolished los yog yuav tsum rhuav nyob rau hauv raws li cov tau txais nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 2015 "Law nyob rau de-communization."

Security tub ceev xwm - uas yog lawv?

Monument Chekists rau Lybidska cheeb tsam - ib qho ntawm feem muaj teeb meem monuments nyob rau hauv Kiev. Kev sib raug zoo thereto ntawm Kiev feem ntau tsis zoo. Ua ntej cov tswv yim rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub monument, yog tsim nyog kom paub seb leej twg lub tub ceev xwm, lub luag hauj lwm lawv ua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union.

Nyob rau hauv lub vos siab ntawm lo lus ruaj ntseg tub ceev xwm - qhov no yog qhov thiaj li hu ua zoo tib yam neeg ua hauj lwm Cheka (All-Lavxias teb sab txawv tshaj plaw Commission rau Combating Counterrevolution thiab ua phem). Los ntawm abbreviated tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub xeev lub cev, thiab muaj yog lub sij hawm "kev ruaj ntseg ceev xwm".

Cheka muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1917 mus rau xyoo 1922, thiab ces muab cob rau lwm tus qauv uas tsis muaj tsawg siab phem txaus ntshai tsiaj NKVD. Raws li VI Lenin, lub Cheka twb yuav tsum "smashing riam phom tiv thaiv tag nrho cov hom ntawm sib cem on Soviet lub hwj chim." Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub active tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov counter-kiv puag ncig tau ua, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, loj tsuj thiab extermination ntawm tw ntawm lub Soviet Union.

Kiev monument rau Cheka: keeb kwm thiab cov hauj lwm

Lwm Soviet creation ntawm liab granite rose rau Lybidska cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv 1967 (txawm hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws muaj lub npe Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo). Qhov kawg ntawm Tej zaum 2016 nyob rau hauv Kiev monument rau Cheka raug thaum kawg rhuav. Raws li unconfirmed ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw lub chaw ua hauj lwm lub tsev yuav tsum ua sai sai.

"Socialist ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab", "cov mov thiab tsis paub monument" - ib tug monument rau Cheka hu ua txawv. Nws sau yog tus sculptor ntawm Kiev Vasily Boroday. Incidentally, lub lwm yam tsis tsawg nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm nws ob txhais tes - ib tug monument rau lub founders ntawm Kiev, raws li zoo raws li ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog monument "motherland".

Monument rau Lybidska cheeb tsam yog ib tug granite stele nyhav zoo, nrog carved ntsej muag ob KGB tub ceev xwm. Thaum lub hauv qab yog ib tug dub inscription nyeem: "manly Cheka - cov tub rog ntawm lub kiv puag ncig." Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no monument twb rau rau siab ua lub neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub KGB, leej twg tuag nyob rau hauv battles rau lub Soviet lub hwj chim.

Demolition ntawm lub monument rau Cheka: yuav ua li cas nws yog

Lub tswv yim rau rhuav lub monument piav saum toj no cia li sawv los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nroog loj cov pej xeem rov qab rau hauv lub 90s. Ntau tshaj li ib zaug no qhov teeb meem twb sib tham los ntawm deputies ntawm lub Kiev Council.

Tus thawj ua los ntawm kev tsoo vaj tse tiv thaiv cov monument rau Lybidska cheeb tsam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2009. Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm lub caij ntuj no hmo, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm lam cov neeg puas ib feem ntawm lub stele, muaj ntaus tawm lub hau thiab qhov ntswg ib pob zeb KGB. Nyob rau hauv 2013, muaj ib tug inscription rau cov granite monument: "Cov executioners ntawm Ukraine."

Ntau koom rau lub demolition ntawm ib tug monument nyob rau hauv Kiev, hais lus thaum lub sij hawm cov kev tshwm sim euromaidan 2013-2014. Nyob rau hauv kev, 23 Lub ob hlis ntuj, 2014 los ntawm radical revolutionaries ua txhaum loj heev los coj lub monument. Txawm li cas los haib thiab monolithic stele ua los ntawm liab granite sawv ua ntej no nres.

Tom qab tus me nyuam ntawm dekkomunizatsii txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub Verkhovna Rada ntawm Ukraine txoj hmoo ntawm lub monument rau Cheka raug muab zwm cia. Tej zaum 25, 2016 nyob rau Lybidska cheeb tsam tuaj txog hnyav machinery. Plaub hnub tom qab ntawd, cov stela kiag rhuav.