Monomer cov hmoov txhuv nplej yog ib tug kev twb kev txuas?

Science News for KIDS distinguishes peb hom carbohydrates. Qhov no starch, cellulose thiab piam thaj. Starch yog lub ntsiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov natural carbohydrates. Nws synthesis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag, nws yog ib qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog rau tib neeg lub cev. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug monomer ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej? Ntxiv rau hais tias hauv qab no.

Liaj teb ntawm daim ntawv thov

Los ntawm heev ancient lub sij hawm, starch yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob teb. Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum nws yog siv raws li lub txheej neeg sawv cev rau ulcerative txhab thiab mucosal inflammatory dab kabmob xws li hnyuv thiab plab. Analytical Science News for KIDS thiab kws siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej raws li ib tug lub ntsiab qhia rau iodine. Kws Technology siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej raws li ib tug tub lim, ib tug losis tswvyim dabtsi neeg sawv cev. Tab sis li cas kev twb kev txuas yog ib tug monomer ntawm starch, nws yog nthuav kom ntau. Cia peb kawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws kev tshawb fawb Center cov hmoov txhuv nplej kev lag luam yog sawv cev los ntawm lub All-Lavxias teb sab kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Starch. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam, thiab nws cov ntsiab hauj lwm yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab technologies rau zus tau tej cov hmoov txhuv nplej los ntawm cereals thiab qos yaj ywm, hloov starch, piam thaj phoov, fructose phoov, thiab noj qab haus huv zaub mov uas tsis muaj protein ntau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tshawb fawb kev ua ub no, VNIIK tau tsim tshwj xeeb cov khoom uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub hmoov txhuv nplej kev lag luam. Yog li, VNIIK kev ua ub no muaj kev cuam tshuam ib tug loj scientific teb, los ntawm kev tshawb fawb kom muaj kev loj hlob.

Hauv qab no yog ib tug zoo uas yog ib tug monomer ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej.

qauv

Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov hmoov txhuv nplej nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm science, nws nruab nrab yog ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm tej yam yooj yim suab thaj, uas tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau. Cov chains yuav ua tau linear los yog branched. Txhua xws ntsiab molecule saw - piam thaj, uas yog lub substance uas plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov thawj lub zog qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub cev.

Tej yam txoj saw uas muaj piam thaj, muaj ib tug flex cuab yeej squirm thiab pheej tais. Cov no tsim los ntawm cov me granules, uas zoo li nplej ntawm hmoov. Incidentally, hmoov, tshuam nruab nrab yog ib tug sib tov ntawm starch thiab ib tug txawv nrog tshuaj. Hais tias yog, ib tug monomer ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej yog qabzib.

Yog hais tias koj noj cov hmoov txhuv nplej thiab sim nws nyob rau hauv ib tug fist thiab muab ntawm koj tus ntiv tes, ces koj yuav hnov ib tug peculiar creaking. Xws li ib tug lub suab yog generated thaum lub sij hawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej hais muab tshuaj ntxuav tiv thaiv txhua lwm yam: lawv muaj ib tug nruj heev qauv, thiab nrog xws li tej yam tawg tshwm sim.

Nyob rau hauv tsob nroj kab mob cov hmoov txhuv nplej yog tsim los ntawm lub series kev twb kev txuas ntawm ib tug txaus tus naj npawb ntawm cov zib molecules. Ua ntej no tshwm sim lub synthesis ntawm zib los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib tug monomer ntawm lub hmoov txhuv nplej molecule.

Cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov nroj tsuag lub hmoov txhuv nplej yog lub ntsiab roj teeb lub zog reserves. Qhov no yog dab tsi nws cov khoom yuav tsum tau piav los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub active cia ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm, tubers thiab noob. Nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub grain ntawm hom qoob mog los yog pob kws - ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej.

Cia peb xav txog cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees thiab cov qauv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Starch, nrog rau glycogen thiab cellulose, yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm polysaccharides.

polysaccharides

Polysaccharides - yog cov tshuaj uas yog carbohydrate polymers, uas muaj xws li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm monosaccharide units. Lawv tus xov tooj yuav txawv los ntawm ob peb kaum tawm mus rau ob peb txhiab. Hais tias yog, tus high-molecular compound (BMC), thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej yog ib tug zib monomer.

Cov kev mis

Macromolecular sib txuas ntawm cov kev mis yuav tsum muab sau raws li:

(C ₆ H ₁₀ O _{5) n,} nyob qhov twg n nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav ua tau mus pua pua thiab phav phav.

Externally cov hmoov txhuv nplej yog lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho - lub tshuaj dawb xim, uas muaj me me grain loj. Starch yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej txias, tiam sis soluble nyob rau hauv dej kub. Nws muaj ib tug o tej khoom vaj tse. Cov uas ua kev daws teeb meem yog khov taub hau tom qab txias kis nyob rau hauv ib tug gelatinous loj hu ua muab tshuaj txhuam.

Lub pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej , muaj ob feem: amylose thiab amylopectin. Cov ob fractions yog tsim α-D-qabzib. Lawv txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub saw nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj cov xov tooj ntawm zib residues. Cov monosaccharide residues yog koom los ntawm cov txuas hniav ntawm oxygen. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm chains tshwm sim glycosidic hydroxyl sis ntawm ib tug qauv thiab lwm molecule dej hydroxyl. Thaum reacting lub hmoov txhuv nplej nrog ib tug iodine tov tshwm sim yam ntxwv xiav uas tseg tau. Uas yog, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Uas tseg tau disappears thaum cov tshuaj yog rhuab, thiab tshwm sim thaum txias nws.

Tam sim no nws yog tseeb dab tsi compound yog ib tug monomer ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej.

Amylose - ib tug polysaccharide nrog ib tug linear saw ntawm tshuaj, nws yog lub tsev ntawm ob peb txhiab tus hexoses (glucose residues), uas yog interconnected α-glycoside daim ntawv cog lus ua cim. X-ray tsom xam qhia hais tias tus molecule amylose muaj ib tug helical arrangement. Txhua lem ntawm lub kauv yog raws nraim 6 units los ntawm monosaccharides. Nyob rau nruab nrab, ib tug helix muaj txog 50 lem.

Tsis pub dhau xws spiralevoy qauv muaj channel txoj kab uas hla ntawm txog 0.5 nanometers. Hauv lub channel yuav tsum tau nyob lwm molecules uas haum nyob rau hauv loj. Qhov no tsim nruab nrab yog ib tug tshwj xeeb ceg hu ua menyuamuas tebchaw. Tiabsis cov ntawm amylose thiab iodine, muaj ib tug xiav xim, yog cia li ib tug ntawm cov lug. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug monomer ntawm starch, peb pom yav tas los.

Amylose thiab amylopectin

Amylose thiab amylopectin muaj raws nraim tib yam tshuaj nyob tus yeees, lawv lub ntsiab sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv - lub spatial qauv. Amylose molecule tsim threadlike, i.e. linear, tab sis amylopectin molecule muaj ib tug branched qauv.

Nruab nrab ntawm lub branching cov ntsiab lus yog nyob kwv yees li 20-25 hexoses. Tag nrho cov amylopectin macromolecule yuav muaj txog li 6000 los yog ntau tshaj units los ntawm monosaccharides.

Feem ntau, starch yog muaj li ntawm 10-20% ntawm bound dej. Yog hais tias nws yog sai rhuab, nws yuav hydrolytic decomposition ntawm macromolecules thiab me chains ntawm molecules yog tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim.

Starch yog lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub noj cov zaub mov, uas yog vim li cas nws muaj tus loj tshaj tus nqi nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus: mov ci, qos yaj ywm, cereals. Nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, starch yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, piv txwv li, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv Tshuag sizing ntawm fabrics (nyob rau hauv lub sizing txheej txheem) gluing ntawv thiab cov duab los qhia siv dextrin nplaum. Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm analytical Science News for KIDS cov hmoov txhuv nplej yog siv raws li ib tug qhia thaum lub sij hawm iodometric titration txoj kev.

Peb pom dab tsi lub substance yog ib tug monomer ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej.