Moj tej tawg cub tawg - ib tug cub tawg rau smelting hlau

Zus tau tej cov npua hlau nyob rau hauv lub metallurgical kev lag luam siv niaj hnub moj tej tawg rauv. Qhov no qhov cub kuv yam, uas yog tsis heev qauv, uas, li cas los xij, zoo nkaus li impressive. Yuav kom nqa cov ntau lawm ntawm npua hlau rau perfection, noob neej tau muaj rau ntxiv centuries ntawm kev.

Tej qhia txog lub moj tej tawg cub tawg, lub qub Slavonic hauv paus ntawm nws lub npe. "Dmit" - txhais tau hais tias tshuab.

Cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm lub moj tej tawg furnaces - shtukofeny

Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog cov neeg raug yuav tsum tau sib txawv hlau. Riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej tau ua los ntawm steel, saj zawg zog thiab muaj zog, thiab lub li ib txwm hlau mus rau tsev neeg tais diav. Syrodutnyh cub tawg siv los tsim cov kev kawm hlau nrog ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm, rau txhiab xyoo, thiab lawv tej zaum yuav zoo raws li cov kev xav tau kev pab kom txog thaum txog thaum depleted stocks fusible ores. Thaum tshav kub kub tiav los ntawm nce lub qhov siab (yog li ntawd amplified thrust), cov pa pumped thiab tes bellows. Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm lub Europeans yuav tsum tau tsiv mus nyob rau cov uas tsis muaj-zoo raw cov ntaub ntawv uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug stimulus yuav vam meej. Steel Shtukofeny lub invention, tom qab uas tus thawj moj tej tawg cub tawg nyob. Nws yog ib tug kaw hom cua sov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv ib lub voj voog. Nws yuav tsum tau load ore, thee, thiab ces yog rhuab nrog ib tug siab dav hlau (phau ntawv kev Corporate li siv uas tau tsav los ntawm dej log), tom qab uas nws yog tsim nyog los tos txias thiab rov qab tau cov hlau, nkauj nraug nws los ntawm teev thiab lwm yam unsuitable byproducts hu ua tawg. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua shtukofenov muaj nyob rau hauv zoo thaum tshav kub kub concentration vim lub kaw ntim rau hauv lub ua hauj lwm cov voj voog, vim lub thawj ntawm nws to mus rau lub ntuj kaaj quas lug.

Cam khwb cia hlau civilization

Lub ntsiab teeb meem ntawm medieval metallurgists nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum peb xyoo pua yog refractoriness hlau. Thaum shtukofene tau txais iron (i.e., hlau-cov hlau nrog ib tug carbon concentration ntawm 1.7% thiab saum toj no), peb xav tsis thoob rau nws uas tsis muaj melting point, tab sis nws tsis tuaj nyob rau hauv delight. Cov uas ua hlau yog yooj yim mus nrhiav tau tshaj hlau thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hlau, tab sis nws cov neeg kho tshuab qualities nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub ces pluag neeg heev puas yooj yim thiab tsis muaj zog txaus. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cia li ob lub centuries, tus cwj pwm tau hloov mus rau cov cam khwb cia hlau. Ua ntej, tshem tawm cov nws los ntawm qhov cub muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau uncomplicated, nws yuav ua tau yooj yim mus ncuav nyob rau hauv yaj daim ntawv. Ob txhais, ib tug hlau uas muaj nyob tsis tau nws siv, thiab heev ntau haiv neeg. Thiab thirdly, nws yog ib tug raw khoom rau ntxiv purification ntawm ntev carbon thiab tau therefrom steel yog yooj yim npaum li los ntawm lub ore. Yog li ntawd, tom qab centuries ntawm kws, nws tau pom feem ntau tsim metallurgical technology, thiab yees ua ib lub moj tej tawg rauv. Lub cub hluavtaws cig nyob rau hauv lub Westphalian nroog ntawm Siegerland (thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XV century) yuav ua hauj lwm nrog tas mus li voj voog rau ob peb xyoo, ua tau ib txhua txhua hnub ntau tshaj ib tug ib nrab tons ntawm npua hlau. Ces nws yog ib tug ntau.

Tus qauv ntawm lub moj tej tawg cub tawg

Tsuas yog tom qab mus xyuas tom ntej no mus no giant cub, koj yuav saib tau npaum li cas loj niaj hnub moj tej tawg rauv. Duab muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm nws cyclopean loj tsuas yog thaum lawv depict ib tug txiv neej, seemingly li me me raws li ib tug ntsaum. Txawm li cas los, txawm lub impressive tsos, cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem tib yam, cov medieval. Tus tsim muaj tsib lub ntsiab units. Lub sab saum toj ntawm cov no, lub caj pas, rau loading raw khoom thiab nws cov teeb tis nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg. Hauv qab no nws yog ib feem ntawm ib tug conical zoo, nyob rau hauv uas cov cua kub thiab txo cov txheej txheem (piav tom qab). Qhov thib peb yog hu ua rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tsev rau zog, muaj ib tug hlau melting. Ces lwm tapered feem, lub sij hawm no downward tapering, - lub xub pwg nyom, uas yog tso tawm los ntawm lub coke carbon monoxide (a txo gas). Thiab nyob rau heev hauv qab - horn uas mus rau extract cov khoom tiav thiab zus tau tej cov pov tseg.

txheej txheem Science News for KIDS

Tshuaj dab yog oxidising thiab txo. Thawj kev twb kev txuas txhais tau tias nrog rau oxygen, lub thib ob, on qhov tsis tooj, nws cov rejection. Ore - qhov no oxide, thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau hlau yuav tsum tau ib tug reagent muaj peev xwm ntawm "xaiv" hauv lub ntxiv atoms. Tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no yog ib tug coke, thaum combustion emits ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas sov siab decomposes rau hauv monoxide sib active thiab tsis ruaj tsis khov substance. SB nyhav los ua re-dioxide, thiab lub rooj sib tham nrog cov ore molecules (Fe ₂ O _3), "yuav siv sij hawm" muaj tag nrho cov pa, ces tsuas hlau. Muaj, ntawm chav kawm, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub raw cov ntaub ntawv, pov tseg, residues uas tsim, hu ua slag. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas lub moj tej tawg rauv. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Science News for KIDS, yooj yim heev yuav txo tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug kub noj.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws, ib tug niaj hnub moj tej tawg tawg xwb?

Moj tej tawg cub tawg lub neej lub sij hawm yog tus me me rau tej lug teev - kwv yees li ib xyoo caum. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no cov qauv yog raug rau siab loads, hnyav rau cov cua kub thermal, no ces yuav tsum tau capital kho los yog demolition. Npua hlau ntau lawm yuav tsis muab suav hais tias txawm, nws yog txuam nrog emissions rau hauv lub chaw ntawm phosphorus, sulfur thiab lwm yam yog tsis tseem ceeb heev. Noj ua ke, tej yam xav kom muaj ntau lub teb chaws mus curtail metallurgical ntau lawm los yog txawj tej yam ntxiv nws (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias tus kev lag luam yog ib tug yooj yim thiab nyiaj txiag-txoj kev). Niaj hnub nimno moj tej tawg cub tawg - yog yooj yim heev nyob rau hauv nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus system, uas, li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau ib tug tham tswj Circuit Court uas muaj ntau hom kev tswj loops kom ntau npaum siv raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub zog.