Meskhetian Turks: keeb kwm, yam ntxwv, cov teeb meem ntawm cov neeg

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim thiab tsim ntawm cov neeg zoo li raws li lub Meskhetian Turks yog surrounded nrog nthuav keeb kwm tseeb. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub teb chaws no rau lub thaj thiab socio-thoj daim ntawv qhia txog lub ntiaj teb no tseem heev teeb meem rau ob peb xyoo lawm. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Turks, thiab tshwj xeeb yog lawv qhia kom paub nyob rau hauv cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no yog qhov kev kawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau zaum - sociologists, anthropologists, historians thiab cov kws lij choj.

Mus txog rau tam sim no lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lo lus nug no, soj ntsuam tsis tau tuaj mus rau ib tug ntau denominator. Tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub Meskhetians lawv tus kheej ambiguously qhia lawv haiv neeg.

Ib pab pawg neeg muab lawv tus kheej cov hauv paus txawm Georgians hloov dua siab tshiab rau Islam nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries. thiab mastered rau lub Turkish hom lus; rau lwm yam - lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Turks uas tau nyob rau hauv Georgia thaum lub sij hawm lub Ottoman Empire. Ua li cas, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov keeb kwm cov txheej xwm tau undergone ib tug ntau ntawm migrations thiab coj ib tug nomadic lub neej. Qhov no yog vim ob peb vuag deportations uas dim Meskhetians (los ntawm Ahiska nyob rau hauv South Georgia nyob rau hauv Meskhet-Djavakhety). Ntxiv mus, lawv tus kheej Meskhetian Turks hu ua Akhaltsikhe (Ahıska Türkler).

Tus thawj loj-scale raug muab rho tawm ntawm reclaimed lawv cov tsev hnub rov qab mus rau 1944 Nws yog ces rau tus txiav txim ntawm Yauxej Stalin yuav tsum deport "undesirable" nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm lub Meskhetian Turks, Crimean Tatars, Chechens, Greeks, Germans. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, ntau tshaj 90,000 Meskhetian mus rau Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan thiab cov Kyrgyz koom pheej.

Yog li ntawd, tsis tau rov qab los ntawm lub teb cog txiv, cov Meskhetian Turks ntawm tus tshiab tiam tau raug kev txom nyem phem raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Fergana Valley ntawm Uzbekistan. Ua neeg uas raug tus tua neeg pov tseg, tom qab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tsoom fwv hauv lub USSR, lawv tau evacuated mus Central Russia. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab hom phiaj uas tau caum Fergana "mess" yog tus Kremlin lub siab rau Georgia thiab tag nrho cov neeg, hais tias lub siab xav mus ua ywj siab thiab pub nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1989.

Nrog ua kev tsis sib haum thiab tsis khov ntawm qhov teeb meem no tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Fergana, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws, kis tawm lub Turks nyob rau hauv Russia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine thiab Kazakhstan. Tsuas muaj li 70 txhiab. Cov neeg tau displaced.

Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no, cov lus nug ntawm repatriation thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov cai ntawm lub Meskhetian neeg yog heev tseem ceeb thiab complex, hais lus nyob rau lub forefront ntawm thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv vicissitudes. Qhov teeb meem yog compounded los ntawm lub ambiguity ntawm lub phaj, timetables thiab cov tswv yim los ntawm ob cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg lawv tus kheej.

By pub ntxiv tshaj qhov Council ntawm cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv 1999, Georgia tau cog lus mus rau 12 lub xyoo los tsa thiab kho cov nqe lus nug ntawm rov qab los ntawm lub Turks rau lawv teb chaws, mus ua ntu hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm repatriation thiab kev koom ua ke, muab lawv tsim ib tug pej xeem.

Txawm li cas los, muaj yam tseem ceeb uas complicate qhov kev siv ntawm no peb tes num. Cov lawv:

- Thaum ib tug active Armenization keeb kwm teb ntawm lub Turks (Meskheti thiab Javakheti); twb tsis siv fanatical moods ntawm aggression ntawm ib haiv neeg tsawg tawm tsam lwm tus rov qab mus rau hais tias lub teb chaws;

- insufficiently muaj zog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Georgian tub ceev xwm;

- qhov uas tsis muaj theem ntawm cov kev cai lij choj thiab moj khaum ntxawg tswj qhov teeb meem uas yog ua tau rau cov tsis muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov txais thiab voiced kev daws teeb meem.