Marginal nqi hluav taws xob, cov kev cai lij choj ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob. Cov kev cai ntawm economics

Tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, tiam sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub neej, peb feem ntau ntsib xws li ib tug lub tswv yim raws li lub marginal nqi hluav taws xob. Txoj cai ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob - qhov no yog ib tug piv txwv zoo ntawm dab tsi zoo yog muaj nuj nqis tsuas yog thaum nws yog tsis txaus. Yog vim li cas yog no mas thiab dab tsi twb mus, peb saib tom ntej no.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub marginal nqi hluav taws xob

Cia tus thawj to taub dab tsi yog pab tau rau tag nrho cov. Thaum peb mus rau lub khw, peb soj ntsuam ib yam khoom los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau nws. Yog hais tias peb yuav tsum tau mov, peb mus rau qhov tsim nyog department. Tab sis muaj yog ib tug loj kev xaiv: dawb, dub, noob hnav, bran. Tam sim no peb soj ntsuam cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm usefulness rau peb. Yog li ntawd, kev khwv nyiaj txiag yog vim lub nqi hluav taws xob ntawm ib yam khoom, los yog, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, yog cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm ib tug neeg xav tau kev pab.

Tab sis yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ncuav koj yuav ib lub sij hawm? Ib tug? Ob tug? Zoo, ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm peb, thiab yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug loj tsev neeg. Yuav ua li cas siab ua koj tau los ntawm tus thawj loaf? Tej zaum koj yuav tau noj ib ob peb tom nrog ib tug qab los noj mov thiab ces ib txhia xav paub ntxiv mus noj. Yuav koj txiav lub thib ob loaf? Tej zaum tsis, vim hais tias koj yog tag nrho. Qhov no qhia lub marginal nqi hluav taws xob. Txoj cai ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob hais tias nrog txhua tshiab feem ntim koj tau txais tsawg Library.

lwm cov piv txwv

Cov cai siv rau txhua txhua cheeb ntawm lub neej. Ntawm no yog lwm zoo heev piv txwv li. Wb hais tias koj tau ua npau suav ntawm ib tug xov tooj cua-tshuaj nyoob hoom qav taub. Qhov no thiaj hu tag nrho koj cov phooj ywg thiab txiav txim siab los ua ib tug khoom plig rau nws lub hnub yug. Ces cov thawj qhua thiab hais qhov ntev-awaited qho khoom ua si. Koj yeej paub hais tias yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov huab cuaj. Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub thib ob ib tug thiab kuj tau muab ib tug zoo li tus qauv. Koj yog txaus siab, tab sis tsis yog li ntawd, raws li lub thib ob nyoob hoom qav taub koj tsis xav tau. Tiam sis ntawm no nws yog tseem 10 mus rau 20 qhua thiab tag nrho cov muab tib qho khoom ua si. Seb koj yuav muaj kev zoo siab tus so ntawm lub pib?

Yog li ntawd nws qhia marginal nqi hluav taws xob. Txoj cai ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob yog cov yeej ib txwm thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tshwm sim. Qhov no txawm tias ib tug zoo-paub hais tias: "zoo txaus yog txaus."

Teem zuag qhia tag nrho nqi hluav taws xob

Peb tau soj ntsuam lub tswvyim ntawm marginal nqi hluav taws xob. Txoj cai ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsis tau to taub tsis tau xav tias yuav lub ob los. Tus thawj koom rau tag nrho cov usefulness, thiab yog raws li nram no.

Ntsug axis qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov nqi hluav taws xob, uas yog ib tug tag nrho siab ntawm tag nrho cov khoom noj. Xav hais tias ib pluag mov uas muaj ob tais diav theem kev nqi hluav taws xob 4, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv lub teeb (Q - nqi ntawm consumable khoom). Tag nrho cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj cov muaj peev xwm loj hlob mus rau ib tug taw tes nyob qhov twg saturation tshwm sim.

Sij hawm ntawm marginal nqi hluav taws xob

Tam sim no xav txog cov nyhuv uas cov kev cai lij choj ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob. Nco qab tias nyob rau hauv lub economic kev tshawb xav ntawm marginal nqi hluav taws xob piav yuav ua li cas txaus siab ntawm ib tug ntxiv chav tsev ntawm qhov zoo. Qhov ntawd yog suav tias yog ib qho kev xaiv thaum ib tug neeg twb txaus siab, thiab ntau npaum li cas nws yuav tau Library tom qab yuav noj txhua tom ntej unit ntawm qhov zoo. Yog hais tias xav txawj, ces cov kev ua ntawm marginal nqi hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau zuj zus lawm cim uas peb pom nyob rau hauv daim duab.

Cov hais los ntawm txoj cai

Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, peb xaus. Txoj cai ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob txhais tau tias raws li cov kev siv ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm chav nyob ntawm ib tug zoo tag nrho nqi hluav taws xob nce, tab sis rau ib tug heev me me degree, thiab cov marginal nqi hluav taws xob tsawg.

Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov kev cai lij choj qhia tau hais tias cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau npaum li cas cov nyiaj poob haujlwm rau ib tug neeg rau lwm tau siv thiab ntau npaum li cas txaus siab uas nws tau txais los ntawm nws. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm no ziag no considers lub German tus paub txog Hermann Gossen, thiab yog li ntawd postulate thib ob lub npe - tus thawj txoj cai ntawm Gossen.

Lub dependence ntawm kev thov rau nqi

Nws yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tswv yim tseem ceeb npaum li txoj cai lij choj ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob. Economy yog xav tias yuav nws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov tseeb rau tus neeg thov. Yuav ua li cas ua tag nrho cov thiab marginal nqi hluav taws xob ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm muas khoom? Los ntawm no tsom xam, koj yuav tau kho tus nqi thiab yuam cov neeg qiv ntau tshaj li lawv lub siab xav. Xav txog ib tug piv txwv.

Wb hais tias peb xav tau apples. Rau cov neeg neeg ntawm tus nqi yuav raug qhia los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muab nyob rau hauv lub rooj.

Thiab tam sim no qhia cov ntaub ntawv no, tab sis noj mus rau hauv tus account lub nyiaj siv rau cov purchase.

cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam

Tus thawj cov lus peb yuav pom yuav ua li cas lub marginal nqi hluav taws xob. Txoj cai ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob yog tso tawm raws li zoo li sai tau. Qhov ntau apples peb yuav, qhov tsawg Library uas koj tau txais los ntawm txhua ntxiv unit noj.

Nyob rau hauv monetary cov nqe lus, qhov teeb meem no yog rov qab. Peb yuav yuav tsib apples, lawv yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv kev rau peb, tab sis peb khuv xim hais tias yuav yog li muaj ntau yam, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb cov nyiaj no yuav tsum tau siv rau ib yam dab tsi lwm tus. Yog li, lub marginal nqi hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov nyiaj yuav kuj yuav raug muab txo.

Yuav ua li cas los mus hloov lub marginal nqi hluav taws xob ntawm ib tug nqi hloov

Peb twb txiav txim hais tias tus kev cai lij choj ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob txhais tau tias nrog txhua yam khoom tshiab chav tsev ntawm nws lub chaw tso dej yuav txo tau. Cov tib yam tshwm sim, thiab nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Wb hais ib cov kua los ntawm lub yav dhau los piv txwv yuav raug nqi 5 rubles. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yuav ib daim, nws tag nrho thiab marginal nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsum sib npaug zos. Nws tsis raug kev txom nyem puas tsuaj, thiab, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws xav kom thiab them rau.

Tab sis li cas yog hais tias nws xav mus yuav ib tug thib ob Kua? Utility ntawm cov nyiaj yuav nyob twj ywm ntawm 5 rubles, tab sis lub usefulness ntawm lub purchase yuav tsum tau ploj zuj zus mus thiab yuav 4. Poob 1 ruble tsis tau. Tam sim no tus neeg xav hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ob tug apples, yog hais tias nws loses ob zaug raws li tau nyiaj ntau, tab sis hais tias tsis tau lub chaw tso dej?

Thiab yog hais tias koj txo tau cov nqi ntawm apples, tsis txhob 5 thiab 4? Tus thawj Kua yuav coj ntxiv nqi hluav taws xob, uas txhais tau tias nws yuav tsum pauv mus rau lub thib ob kua. Tab sis lub thib peb yuav twb tau nyob ib tug tsis. Peb tsim ib tug teeb ntawm lub theem ntawm cov neeg siv tus nqi.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntawm txoj kab ntawm marginal nqi hluav taws xob (cim nyob rau hauv liab) yog ib tug kab ntawm kev thov. Lub sab tus nqi, qhov ntau yuav hais tias tus neeg yuav yuav ib tug loj kom muaj nuj nqis, txawm hais tias nws cov usefulness yog tsis yog los ntawm kev muaj nqis.

ua daim ntawv thov

Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, peb routinely ntsib piv txwv ntawm kev txo nqi kom tau raws li cov neeg lub siab nyiam. Nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub khw koj yuav saib tau qhov kev txiav txim: "Ob tug rau tus nqi ntawm ib tug"? Yog li sawv nco qab, ntse marketers yog siv txoj kev cai ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob, ua rau peb yuav ntau, tsis muaj hesitation, peb yuav tsum tau cov khoom no los yog tsis.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus cai hais txog ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob ntawm zoo rau lub hnub siv cov khoom: tej khoom hauv tsev, khoom noj khoom haus cov khoom. Ntawm no koj yuav tseem xav hais tias cov nqi hluav taws xob ntawm ib tug ntxiv chav tsev yuav muaj ib tug nqi tsawg. Tab sis hais tias yog raws nraim tib yam khaub ncaws tsis muaj ib tug yuav muab txaus pab. Zoo, yog vim li cas tus hluas nkauj ob tug zoo tib blouses? Thiab nws tus phooj ywg ho tsis muab, vim hais tias lawv yuav saib zoo sib xws. Tab sis tseem, thaum nws pom ib tug thaum kev, nyob rau hauv feem ntau peb yeej tsis tas xav mus muab ib qho nyuaj-khwv rubles.

tshawb pom

Yog li ntawd, nws yog lub sij hawm mus rau kos ib cov lus xaus.

1. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zoo xyuas qhov kev thov, nws yog tsim nyog los noj tsis tau cov totality ntawm cov khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom, thiab cov neeg thiab nws predilection rau ib qho khoom. Yog li ntawd peb txhais tau lub tswvyim ntawm nqi hluav taws xob. Txoj cai ntawm ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsum xam raws li meej li sai tau.
2. Lub hauv paus ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm ib tug neeg twg nyob rau hauv lub lag luam los yog nyob rau hauv lub khw yog nws to taub txog lub usefulness ntawm cov khoom. Txhua leej txhua tus, nws tej zaum yuav txawv.
3. Thov yog yeej tseem zoo kiag li cia siab rau txoj kev cai ploj zuj zus marginal nqi hluav taws xob.