Margarita Aliger kws sau paj lug: biography, creativity

Margarita Aliger, uas nws biography yog txoj kev txaus siab los ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm nws chaw ua hauj lwm - lub npe nrov Soviet kws sau paj lug, muab lub Stalin nqi zog ntawm lub thib ob degree rau cov paj huam "Zoe" ib tug tsis ntshai abtsi feat ntawm Soviet ntxhais Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy.

thaum yau

Ib tug neeg uas lub nroog ntawm Odessa, Margarita Aliger, biography uas peb tau pom, tau yug los nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 7, 1915 mus rau ib tug Jewish tsev neeg ntawm petty ua hauj lwm. Niam yog ib tug niam tsev, nws txiv - muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm comprehensively erudite txiv neej, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom pub rau nws tsev neeg, ua kom los ntawm kev txhais tau tias: muab zaj lus qhia, nws txais kev pab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm desktop, txhais. Rita yog nws nkaus xwb thiab ntau npaum li cas hlub tus me nyuam. Thaum nws yog 9 xyoo, nws txiv tuag lawm.

tsam lub neej

Los ntawm thaum ntxov thaum yau, tus hluas nkauj yog heev fond ntawm kev nyeem ntawv, preferring tej hauj lwm ntawm Pushkin thiab Nekrasov, thiab ua rau cov thawj cov me nyuam los sau cov kab ntawm cov paj huam. Nws txawj txuj ci, nws pib qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv xyoo: rau tag nrho cov hnub caiv thiab txheej xwm loj. Tom qab xya xyoo ntawm kev kawm txuas ntxiv nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj kev kawm ntawv, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus tom lub Hoobkas thiab npaj txhij mus txuas lawv lub neej nrog Science News for KIDS. Tom qab ob lub xyoos, Margarita pom tau hais tias lub ntsiab rau nws lub neej yog paj huam thiab cov ntawv nyeem. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 16 nws tshuav lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsiv mus rau Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua rau nws artistic debut. Tsis xeem mus kawm college, nws coj tawm ntawm lub ces kaum, mus ua hauj lwm, thawj raws li ib tug kws ceev ntawv OGIZ lub koom haum, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas ntawv xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv 1933, nws tau pib yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Ogonyok" magazine, ua ib qhov mloog ntawm nws kev sau ntawv kawm: thawj cov ntaub ntawv twb kwv huam "Los nag" thiab "Niaj hnub lub neej".

Margarita Aliger: creativity

Nyob rau hauv 1934, Margaret los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Literature muaj npe tom qab Maxim Gorky, qhov twg cov kev cob qhia coj qhov chaw kom txog rau thaum 1937. Active ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam thiab pej xeem tsom pib nyob rau hauv 1935: lub ntiaj teb no pom xws collections raws li "Xyoo Yug", "Lub pob zeb thiab nyom", "Railway". Los ntawm 1934 mus 1939, Margaret mus ntau heev, mus xyuas Leningrad, Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus thiab Ukraine. Mus xyuas tau pab mus rau cov me nyuam yug tshiab kwv huam, uas raug luam tawm los ntawm ntau yam publishers txaus siab. Rau translation ua hauj lwm, lub grain thaum lub sij hawm thiab tau ntawm kev ncua rau ntau xyoo, nws attracted senior lug txhawb cov miv Lugovskoy V. thiab P. Antokolsky. Literary txhais Margarita ua rau nws tau rau lub Lavxias teb sab nyeem ntawv mus ntsib nrog rau cov tej hauj lwm ntawm tus sau phau ntawv los ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab muaj kev originality thiab tus kheej ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv.

thawj puav pheej

Margarita Aliger yog ib qho ntawm plaub paj huam (Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), muaj ib nqe tsab ntawv mus rau lub heroic neeg ntawm Spain thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nyob rau hauv teb chaws ntawd, uas yog vim li cas xim ntawm Stalin thiab nws pab koj tu siab rau tus kws sau paj lug xwb. Zoo li feem ntau ntawm nws lub contemporaries nyob rau hauv lub 30s Aliger Margarita losifovna nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm uas twb muaj lawm myths xwb hais txog lub Soviet Union raws li tus tsim ntawm lub daim ntawv rov ntxiv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, ntawm ib haiv neeg ntawm lub Soviet Union raws li cov feem ntau ncaj ncees thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws, hais txog Stalin - raws li ib tug paub qab hau thiab thawj coj zoo. Poet tuaj koom lub Komsomol, thiab nyob rau hauv 1938 Margaret yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Writers 'Union thiab mej zeej ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv pawg tswj hwm ntawm Krasnaya Presnya. Nyob rau hauv 1939, lub kws sau paj lug twb muab tsub lub thawj tsoom fwv puav pheej - qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub paib tiv npe ntawm yawm.

Tsev Neeg lub neej Margarity Aliger

Nyob rau hauv 1937 Margarita Aliger, uas nws biography yog zoo kev cob cog rua nrog cov paj huam thiab cov ntawv nyeem, tsim ib tsev neeg nrog ib tug hluas composer Konstantin Makarov-Rakitin. Thaum thawj zaug rau theem ntawm nyob ua ke tsev neeg hmoov zoo dawm raws li qhov cov ntaub ntawv uas lub neej: ib lub neej tsis txaus ob tug txawm kawm ntawv. Tom qab ib tug mob thiab ntev mob ib xyoos tus me nyuam tuag nyob rau hauv ob peb, tus txiv volunteered rau pem hauv ntej thiab raug tua nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tus poj niam, uas nws tuag Margarita yog heev nyuaj yuav los ntawm, nws muab lub paj huam "Muaj ib tug mos txwv nyob rau hauv kuv lub plawv, Kuv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no" thiab "Music." Constantine tswj kom sau kwv huam rau nws tus poj niam ib tug ob peb zaj nkauj thiab piano daim: txoj kev kaj lug thiab melodic. Los ntawm no kev sib yuav nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm Marguerite tseem ntxhais Tatiana, thiab tom qab mus cuag nws lub neej nrog cov paj huam. Nws tuag ntawm mob cancer ntshav nyob rau hauv 1974. Cov txiv ntawm lub thib ob hluas nkauj Masha yog Alexander Fadeev, thaum lub sij hawm sib yuav rau Angelina Stepanova - actress ntawm lub Moscow Art ua yeeb yam, thiab cog lus yus tua yus nyob rau hauv 1956. Tus ntxhais ntawm tim khawv - ib tug heev zoo nkauj hluas nkauj, ib tsev neeg nrog rau cov German kws sau paj lug Hans Magnus Entsensergerom, tsiv nyob rau hauv nrog nws mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tsev Neeg lub neej tsis ua hauj lwm, Maria tswm nyob rau hauv London, twb koom nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv phau ntawv thiab cov khoom, translations los ntawm lus Askiv, uas paub zoo kawg nkaus. Mam li nco dheev, tag nrho cov cog yus tua yus nyob rau hauv 1991.

Margarita Aliger: Kwv huam ua tsov ua rog

Los ntawm 1938 mus 1940 Margaritoy Aliger peb phau ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam raug luam tawm, los tshiab tej yaam num, tab sis nws tau hloov lub tsov ua rog, ncaj thiab tam sim ntawd kev koom tes nyob rau hauv uas Marguerite xav tias nws nyuaj heev, txhua txhua hnub ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv wartime tej yam kev mob, tus txheem ntawm ob tug me nyuam thiab nyob - tib yam li lub neej ntawm ntau lab ntawm Soviet cov poj niam, cov tub rog 'niam, cov poj ntsuam thiab me nyuam ntsuag. Txij thaum pib ntawm tsov rog Aliger Margarita losifovna ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv besieged Leningrad tub rog correspondent rau cov ntawv xov xwm "Stalin lub Falcons" rau txoj hauj lwm editors tas li taug kev mus rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej. Collections ntawm nws cov kwv huam ( "Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm lub siab tawv", "Kwv huam thiab Kwv huam", "Lyrics") Aliger nplooj siab rau cov neeg uas, sawv ntawm lub forefront thiab risking txhua feeb tuag los mus tiv thaiv lawv lub teb chaws; nws tsuas yog ua tsaug rau cov siab tawv lub siab lub ntsws, nws thiab lab ntawm Soviet cov pej xeem muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob, ua hauj lwm thiab ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv 1942 nws tau sau cov paj huam "Zoe," uas qhia txog cov feat Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy. Yuav kom tsim no nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm Margarita nquag sau cov ntaub ntawv uas, kuv tau ntsib nrog cov neeg uas paub Zoe: nws niam, cov xib fwb, cov phooj ywg, partisans ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug ntxhais nyeem ntawv lub tsev kawm ntawv ce cov phau ntawv, ntawv phau ntawv, tej hauj lwm uas coj mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau sau txog lub heroism ntawm Soviet cov poj niam. Precisely vim hais tias ntawm cov khoom no lub npe Margarity Aliger tau koob meej thiab ua ib lub cim ntawm patriotic propaganda. Rau cov paj huam "Zoe" Margarita Aliger cai kos npe los ntawm Stalin rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 21 , 1943 twb muab tsub lub Stalin nqi zog ntawm lub thib ob degree. 2 lub lis piam tom qab, nyob rau hnub tim 3 nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm luam tawm ib tsab ntawv los ntawm Marguerite, nyob rau hauv uas lub kws sau paj lug hais kom kuv muab tus nqi uas tau txais nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 50 000 rubles rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tub rog liab thiab txhim khu nws riam phom tuition. Txawm li cas los, qhov no lub siab dawb siab ua yog tsis hais nyob qhov twg. Cov kev vam meej ntawm lub paj huam "Zoe" tshwm sim Margarita los tsim ib tug ua txoj hauj lwm nrog rau cov tib lub ntsiab. Yog li ntawd, ua si-ua yeeb yam "The taleas ntawm qhov tseeb" yog tsim, uas muaj ib tug lossis loj zoo nrog ua yeeb yam audiences. Tom qab Stalin tuag, Margaret twb tshaj tawm hais tias los ntawm critics "nruab nrab" kws sau paj lug.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej lub kws sau paj lug

Nyob rau hauv 1955, kws sau paj lug Margarita Aliger koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib tug "Literary Moscow" - qhov thiaj li hu ua thaw almanac, yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Union ntawm Writers ntawm lub RSFSR thiab cov USSR.

Nyob rau hauv 60-70 xyoo, cov kws sau paj lug hais ntxiv nws txawj ua, nws tej hauj lwm muaj tsis tu ncua luam tawm, Margaret mus xyuas ntau lub teb chaws thiab sau ib lub voj voog ntawm cov kwv huam xws li "Japanese Sau ntawv", "ob lub rooj sib tham", "tu siab Spain", "Los ntawm cov Fabkis Phau" "Ltalis yog kuv tus ntsuj plig", "Kwv huam los ntawm afar," "Rov qab mus rau Chile." Nyob rau hauv lub 70 th xyoo no tuaj thawj ob tagnrho, uas luam tawm cov kwv huam thiab kwv huam Margarity Aliger, nyob rau hauv 1984 - ib tug peb-volume sau los ntawm tej hauj lwm.

Margarita Aliger, biography yog ib txoj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no tiam, leej twg xav mus kov cov tub rog yav dhau los, tuag Lub yim hli ntuj 1, 1992 nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm nws villa nyob rau hauv cov kev huam yuaj: poob rau hauv ib sib sib zog nqus ditch. Poet faus nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas nyob rau hauv Peredelkino nyob ze lawv cov ntxhais.