Main cuab tam uas siv: hom, hom, zog, yam ntxwv, raug cov ntaub ntawv

Basic yuav tsum rau lub cuab tam cov ntaub ntawv -. Muaj hardness, ua hauj puas, kom sov thiab lwm cov neeg raws li cov kev ua kom tej. Mus nqa tawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus nto khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau kho hniav rau tej tus ua hauj lwm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm muaj zog alloys. Hardness yuav ua tau tej yam ntuj tso los yog kis tau.

Piv txwv li, lub cuab tam steel Prefabricated txiav yooj yim. Tom qab kev kho mob tus neeg kho tshuab thiab thermal txhais tau tias thiab kev sib tsoo thiab honing, cov theem ntawm hardness thiab lub dag lub zog nce.

Yuav ua li cas yog hardness?

Yam ntxwv yuav muab txhais nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Tool steels muaj ib tug hardness ntawm Rockwell hardness muaj ib tug hais txog zauv los, raws li zoo raws li alphabetic HR nrog lub scale A, B los yog C, (e.g., HRC). Xaiv ntawm ib tug cuab tam khoom nyob rau hauv lub hom hlau raug ua hauj lwm.

Qhov tseem ruaj khov theem ntawm lub lag luam thiab cov uas tsis muaj coj ntawm tus hniav uas dhau mus dhau lub tshav kub kev kho mob yuav ua tau tiav rau lub exponent HRC 63 los yog 64. Thaum ib tug tsawg dua index thaj chaw ntawm lub cuab tam khoom yog tsis yog li ntawd siab, thiab siab hardness, lawv pib crumble vim brittleness.

Co muaj hardness ntawm HRC 30-35, yog kho zoo nrog hlau cov cuab yeej, Thaum tshav kub kub-kho nrog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm HRC 63-64. Yog li, qhov ratio ntawm hardness ntsuas yog 1: 2.

Rau ib treat co nrog HRC 45-55 yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov cov cuab yeej uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib qho nyuaj hlau. Nws yog ib qho taw qhia ntawm lawv HRA 87-93. Ntaub ntawv raws li ntawm cov khoom cua ntaub ntawv yuav tsum siv rau kev kho lub steels raug hardening.

Durability cuab tam ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tej lub zog quab yuam ntawm tej yam B10 KN thiab saum toj no. Nws provokes tus high voltage, uas tej zaum yuav entail kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub twj paj nruag. Kom tsis txhob no, cov ntaub ntawv rau tej yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug siab coefficient ntawm kuj.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ke ntawm lub dag lub zog yog lub cuab tam hlau. Ua hauj lwm ib feem ua los ntawm lawv cov zoo heev kuj mus hnyav load thiab yuav ua nyob rau hauv compression, Torsion, dabtsi yog khoov thiab ncab.

Tej yam tseem ceeb heev cua sov kub rau lub cuab tam hniav

Thaum tshav kub kub tawm txim liab thaum lub sij hawm txiav ntawm co raug rau lawv cov cua kub hniav, mus rau ib tug ntau dua twg - qhov chaw. Thaum lub kub nram qab no yog cov tseem ceeb heev index cim (rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas yog nws tus kheej) cov qauv thiab cov hardness tsis hloov. Yog hais tias cov cua kub kub yuav ntau dua li cov pub npaum li cas, lub hardness theem ntog. Tseem ceeb heev kub hu ua cov liab hardness.

Li cas rau cov sij hawm "liab hardness"?

Nws hu ua liab hardness khoom teejtug uas yog cov hlau thaum rhuab mus rau ib tug kub ntawm 600 ° C ci tsaus liab. Lub sij hawm no implies preservation ntawm hlau hardness thiab kuj hnav. Thaum nws cov tub ntxhais no muaj peev xwm mas siab kub. Rau ntaub ntawv sib txawv muaj tshwm sim ib tug txwv ntawm 220 rau 1800 ° C.

Vim li cas thiaj yuav zoo tuaj kawm ntawm tej cuab yeej?

Tool ntaub ntawv ntawm tej cuab tam yus siab functionality dua kub kuj thiab txoj kev txhim kho ntawm rav cua tsheb thaum tshav kub kub generated nyob rau hauv cov hniav thaum lub sij hawm txiav. Lub tshav kub yuav pab tau kom qhov kub thiab txias.

Qhov ntau thaum tshav kub kub ib sab los ntawm cov hniav ntxaum mus rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv, lub qis lub kub rau nws cov chaw hu. thermal conductivity theem nyob rau hauv lub muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cua sov.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub steel xws ntsiab raws li tungsten thiab vanadium ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nws cov thermal conductivity, thiab ib tug impurity ntawm titanium, cobalt, molybdenum thiab ua rau nws sawv.

Uas los ntawm tus coefficient ntawm zawv zawg txhuam nyob?

Qhov taw qhia kev sib txhuam coefficient ntawm zawv zawg yog nyob rau hauv lub muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab lub cev thaj chaw ntawm lub hu officers ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li tus nqi ntawm cov voltage rau qhov chaw niaj kev sib txhuam thiab zawv zawg. Qhov zoo tshaj yuav muaj feem xyuam rau cov coj kuj ntawm cov khoom.

Tool sis nrog rau cov khoom raug rau kev kho mob yog nqa tawm ntawm ib tug tas mus li dov hu.

Yuav ua li cas kom coj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cuab tam ntaub ntawv? Hom hnav sib npaug.

Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm:

• muaj peev xwm los lwv cov hlau uas nws yog nyob rau hauv hu;
• lub peev xwm los qhia kuj hnav, uas yog thaum nws puas lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

Hniav coj tshwm sim tas li. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no ntaus ntawv loses nws cov khoom, raws li zoo raws li hloov qhov zoo ntawm cov ua hauj lwm saum npoo av.

hnav tsis kam index yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb tus mob nyob rau hauv uas lub tej yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw.

Yuav ua li cas pab pawg raug muab faib cuab tam steel?

Lub ntsiab cuab tam ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram no:

• cermet (nyuaj co);
• cermets, ceramics los yog mineral;
• boron nitride raws li ntawm cov khoom cua cov khoom;
• diamonds hluavtaws los luj;
• lub cuab tam steel rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov pa roj carbon.

Instrumental hlau tej zaum yuav carbon, alloyed thiab HSS.

Tool steels raws li nyob rau hauv cov pa roj carbon

Carbonaceous tshuaj yog siv los tsim cov cuab yeej. Lawv tej ceev yog cov uas tsis muaj.

Raws li cim cuab tam steel? Ntaub ntawv yog qhia los ntawm cov tsab ntawv (piv txwv li, "U" txhais tau tias cov pa roj carbon), raws li zoo raws li tus xov tooj (cov nuj nqis kaum ntawm ib tug feem pua carbon cov ntsiab lus). Lub xub ntiag ntawm tsab ntawv "A" qhov kawg ntawm npav indicative ntawm ib tug zoo steel (ntsiab lus ntawm yam tshuaj xws li cov leej faj thiab phosphorus, tsis ntau tshaj 0.03%).

Nws characterizes lub carbonaceous khoom uas muaj ib tug hardness index ntawm HRC 62-65 thiab cov uas tsis muaj kub ua hauj.

Nyiaj Muas cuab tam ntaub ntawv U9 thiab U10A yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua hniav, thiab ib tug series U11, U12 thiab U11A tsim rau tes ub, thiab lwm tus neeg. Cuab yeej.

Cov theem ntawm kuj kub steels series U10A, U13A yog 220 ° C, li ntawd, lub twj paj nruag ntawm xws ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau mus siv ntawm txiav speeds ntawm 8-10 hom m / min.

alloyed hlau

Tool doped khoom tej zaum yuav chromium, hromokremnistym, tungsten thiab hromovolframovym, doped nrog manganese. Cov series yog qhia los ntawm cov xov tooj, thiab lawv muaj lub literal npav. Tus thawj sab laug-feem ntau lej qhia tus piv ntawm cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv kaum yog lub caij cov ntsiab lus yog tsawg tshaj li 1%. Muaj txoj cai-tis nuj nqis sawv cev nruab nrab ntawm cov doping tivthaiv raws li ib feem pua.

Hom X cuab tam khoom haum rau zus tau tej cov kais dej thiab tuag. Steel B1 yog muaj feem xyuam rau manufacturing ib tug me me-sized hnyiab, ub, thiab reamers.

Cov theem ntawm kuj mus kub ntawm doped khoom yog 350-400 ° C, yog li ntawd, tej ceev thiab ib tug ib nrab sij hawm ntau tshaj uas ua tau rau cov pa roj carbon hlau.

Vim li cas siv high-hlau steels?

Ntau yam ceev tej cuab tam ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua laum me me, reamers thiab ub. Lawv cim nrog cov tsiaj ntawv thiab ua zauv. Tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog tungsten, molybdenum, chromium thiab vanadium.

High-speed steels raug muab faib ua ob pawg: cov qub thiab nrog ib theem siab ntawm kev ua tau zoo.

Steel qub kev kawm

Cov qeb ntawm hlau nrog rau tej theem ntawm kev ua tau zoo muaj peev xwm yuav ntaus nqi qib P18, P9, R9F5 thiab tungsten alloys doped nrog molybdenum R6MZ series R6M5 uas khaws ib hardness tsis qis tshaj li 58 HRC ntawm 620 ° C. Khoom haum rau obrabatyvaniya steels nrog carbon thiab tsawg hlau pawg, grey cam khwb cia hlau thiab nonferrous alloys.

Steel nrog paub kev ua tau zoo

Pawg no tej zaum yuav muaj xws li hom R18F2, R14F4, R6M5K5, R9M4K8, R9K5, R9K10, R10K5F5, R18K5F2. Lawv yog cov tau khaws index HRC 64 ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 630 rau 640 ° C. Qhov no muaj xws li qeb cuab yeej superhard cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog tsim los hlau thiab alloys uas ua uas muaj teeb meem, raws li tau zoo raws li rau titanium.

nyuaj alloys

Tej ntaub ntawv no yog:

• cermet;
• mineral tej hub.

Tus duab ntawm daim hlau nyob rau hauv lub mechanics zog. Tej seev khiav lag luam ntawm HSS piv nrog duab ntawm siab tej ceev.

cermet

Tau-hlau alloys yog:

• tungsten;
• tungsten nrog titanium rau cov ntsiab lus;
• tungsten nrog xam nrog ntawm titanium thiab tantalum.

VC series comprises tungsten thiab titanium. Seev raws li nyob rau hauv cov yam muaj lub siab coj kuj, tab sis cov kuj theem ntawm tej yam lawv tsis muaj. Txhia uas nyob rau ntawd lub hauv paus siv rau obrabatyvaniya hlau.

Cov hlau ntawm tungsten, titanium thiab cobalt yog muaj feem xyuam rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov hlau.

Synthesis of tungsten, titanium, tantalum thiab cobalt yog siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb mob qhov twg lwm yam ntaub ntawv yog tsis zoo.

Hard alloys yog yus muaj los ntawm siab kuj kub. Ntaub ntawv tungsten yuav tuav nws hais cuab yeej nrog HRC 83-90, thiab tungsten nrog titanium - HRC 87-92 ntawm ib tug kub ntawm los ntawm 800 mus 950 ° C, uas tso cai rau cov lag luam uas nyob rau high school tej speeds (500 m / min rau 2700 m / min ntawm obrabatyvanii txhuas).

Rau ib treat qhov chaw uas muaj kuj yuav xeb thiab kub, thov lub cuab yeej ntawm ib tug series ntawm zoo-grained alloys OM. Mark VK6-OM yog haum rau kev tag rau ib treat, thiab VK10-VK15-OM thiab OM - rau nruab nrab kom ntxhib.

Greater efficiency ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog "nyuaj" qhov chaw muaj superhard cuab tam ntaub ntawv Series BK10-XOM thiab VK15-HOM. Lawv tantalum carbide, chromium carbide hloov, ua rau lawv ntau check txawm thaum raug kub.

Yuav kom nce lub zog theem ntawm cov khoom phaj, resorting rau txheej nws nrog ib tug tiv thaiv zaj duab xis. Ii carbide, titanium nitride, thiab carbonyl, uas yog thov heev thinly. Lub thickness yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 10 microns. Cov no ib tug zoo txheej ntawm titanium carbide. Cov theem ntawm kuj paib nyob rau hauv peb-quav ntau tshaj li qhov uncoated phiaj, uas yog tsub kom tej ceev los ntawm 30%.

Nyob rau hauv ib co piv txwv, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cermets uas ua los ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm txhuas oxide nrog tungsten, titanium, tantalum thiab cobalt.

mineral ceramics

Rau tej cuab yeej siv mineral ceramics CM-332. S xam qhovkev kuj mus tsa kub. HRC hardness index xws li los ntawm 89 mus 95 nyob rau ntawm lub 1200 ° C. Tsis tas li ntawd hnav kuj cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj, uas tso cai rau ua ntawm steel, cam khwb cia hlau thiab ferrous alloys nyob rau high school tej speeds.

Kom txiav cov cuab yeej, cermet siv raws li series B. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv oxide thiab carbide. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm mineral tej hub hlau carbide thiab molybdenum, thiab chromium, yuav pab tau optimize lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm lub cermet thiab eliminates nws brittleness. Nce tej ceev. Medium kom tiav cov zauv ntaus ntawv raws li cermet yog siv rau cov gray cam khwb cia hlau, nyuaj hlau thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm ua uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau. Cov txheej txheem yog ua rau tus ceev ntawm 435-1000 m / min. Ceramics tej yog resistant rau cov teebmeem uas kub thiab txias. Nws hardness ntawm 90-95 HRC yog 950-1100 ° C.

Rau obrabatyvaniya hlau tom qab quenching, ib tug check cam khwb cia hlau, raws li zoo raws li fiberglass siv ntsuas, tej ib feem uas yog ua los ntawm cov khib nyiab uas muaj boron nitride thiab diamonds. Qhov taw qhia hardness CBN (boron nitride) yog txog tib yam li hais tias cov pob zeb diamond. Nws kub kuj ob lub sij hawm siab tshaj hais tias ntawm lub caij nyoog kawg no. Elbor es inert hlau cov ntaub ntawv. Tensile zog theem polycrystals thaum compressed nws yog 4-5 GPA (400-500 kgf / hli ^2), thiab thaum twg bent - 0.7 GPA (70 kgf / hli ^2). Kuj kub yog rau cov kev txwv ntawm 1350-1450 ° C.

Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm ceeb toom yog ib tug hluavtaws pob zeb diamond-raws li Ballas series ASB thiab Carbonado ISPC series. Tshuaj ua si ntawm lub yav tas rau hauv lub carbonaceous khoom yog ntau dua. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog siv tau nyob rau hliav ntawm qhov chaw ua los ntawm nonferrous hlau alloys nrog ib tug high school cov pob zeb ntais cov ntsiab lus, cov khib nyiab VK10, VK30 thiab tsis-metallic chaw.

kuj index cutters carbonade - 20-50 lub sij hawm ntau tshaj qhov theem ntawm kuj nyuaj alloys.

Uas alloys tau ua ntau nyob rau hauv lub lag luam?

Tas muaj cuab tam ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv uas siv nyob rau hauv Russia, teb chaws United States thiab nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, rau qhov cov tsis muaj tungsten. Lawv yuav mus rau ib tug series ntawm KNT016 thiab TN020. Cov qauv tau los ua ib tug kev hloov hom T15K6, T14K8 thiab BK8. Lawv yog siv rau ib tug kho rau steel lug, stainless hlau thiab cuab yeej ntaub ntawv.

Tshiab uas yuav tsum tau rau lub cuab tam ntaub ntawv vim tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tungsten thiab cobalt. Nws yog vim rau qhov cov zoo tshaj tias muaj lwm txoj hau kev ntawm tau tshiab nyuaj alloys uas tsis muaj tungsten yog lossi tau tsim nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, cov teb chaws Europe thiab Russia.

Piv txwv li, lub cuab tam ntaub ntawv raug American lub tuam txhab Adamas Carbide Co Titan series 50, 60, 80, 100 comprise ib carbide, titanium thiab molybdenum. Ua tus xov tooj qhia cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm lub fortress ntawm cov khoom. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cuab tam ntaub ntawv ntawm no qhov teeb meem implies ib theem siab ntawm lub zog. Piv txwv li, Titan100 series muaj ib lub zog ntawm 1000 MPa. Nws yog ib tug competitor ntawm ceramics.