Main Caucasian Ridge: piav qhia, tsis, peaks

Toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj heev tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov zoo thiab tshwj xeeb hauv nws qhov chaw zoo nkauj. Cov paj lug zoo tshaj plaws yog lub Great Caucasian Range. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas zoo tshaj plaws thiab ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nws ntev ntawm lub roob ntawm lub cheeb tsam Caucasus.

Cov Caucasus thiab cov kwj ha (Cov Riono-Kura kev nyuab siab) sawv cev rau lub complex ntawm Transcaucasia.

Caucasus: ib qho kev piav qhia

Lub Caucasus nyob ntawm Hiav Txwv Caspia thiab Hiav Txwv Dub nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob Asia.

Qhov no cheeb tsam muaj xws li lub roob ntawm lub Greater thiab Lesser Caucasus, raws li zoo raws li ib tug kab noj hniav ntawm lawv, hu ua lub Rioni-kurÅ kev nyuaj siab, lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv thiab cov Caspian hiav txwv, toj Stavropol, ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub Caspian kev nyuaj siab (Dagestan) thiab lub tiaj tus Kuban-Azov mus rau sab laug ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm tus dej Don rau Tshooj ntawm nws lub qhov ncauj.

Roob ntawm Greater Caucasus muaj ib qhov ntev ntawm 1500 mais, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws yog Elbrus. Qhov ntev ntawm cov roob ntawm Lesser Caucasus yog 750 km.

Ib me ntsis tom qab peb yuav xav txog Caucasian Ridge nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej.

Geographical qhov chaw

Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Caucasus ciam teb rau Black and Azov seas, sab hnub tuaj - nrog Hiav Txwv Caspia. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb, nws ncua lub tiaj ntawm sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Europe, qhov twg tus ciam nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab tus foothills ntawm tus Caucasus li nram no cov ciam teb ntawm cov teb chaws Asia thiab teb chaws Europe. Lub caij dhau los dhau ntawm tus dej. Kuma, hauv qab ntawm Kumo-Manych Depression, raws Manych thiab Vostochny Manych cov dej ntws, thiab tom qab ntawd ces sab laug ntawm lub Don.

Cov yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub Caucasus - Araks dej, rau cov uas muaj Armenian thiab Iranian toj siab, thiab p. Chorokh. Thiab dhau tus dej, cov roob ntawm Pontic thaj av qaum teb hauv Asia pib.

Caucasian Ridge: piav qhia

Qhov tseem loj nteev neeg thiab climbers tau ntev xaiv Caucasus roob, uas attracts adventurers los ntawm tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Caucasian sib faib ua ob ntu rau tag nrho Caucasus: Transcaucasia thiab North Caucasus. Cov roob no nthuav tawm ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv mus rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Cas.

Qhov ntev ntawm Caucasus Ridge yog ntau tshaj 1200 kis lus mev.

Lub vev xaib, nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub zeem cia, sawv cev ntawm cov roob siab tshaj plaws ntawm Western Caucasus. Thiab cov heights yog heev ntau. Lawv cov qhab nia ntawm 260 mus rau ntau tshaj 3360 meters saum toj no hiav txwv.

Ib qho zoo meej ua ke ntawm ib lub teeb nrhav kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua rau zoo tshaj plaws ua qhov chaw zoo tagnrho rau cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas lub tsev so thaum txhua lub sijhawm.

Lub Caucasian caum tseem ceeb nyob rau thaj tsam Sochi muaj ntau qhov loj tshaj: Fisht, Khuko, Lysaya, Venets, Grachev, Pseashkho, Chugush, Malaya Chura thiab Assara.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pob zeb: limestones thiab marls. Yav tas, muaj ib qho chaw hauv dej hiav txwv. Thoob plaws hauv lub loj heev massif, ib tug muaj peev xwm saib ib tug muaj zog pronounced folding nrog ntau glaciers, rugged dej thiab roob pas dej.

Hais txog qhov siab ntawm Caucasian ntau

Cov saum toj ntawm Caucasian Ridge yog heev heev thiab muaj ntau ntau hauv qhov siab.

Elbrus yog qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws ntawm Caucasian roob ntau yam, uas nruab nrab yog lub siab tshaj plaws ncov tsis yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe. Qhov chaw ntawm lub roob yog xws li nyob ib ncig ntawm nws muaj nyob ntau haiv neeg, uas muab nws cov npe tshwj xeeb: Oshkhomakho, Alberis, Yalbuz thiab Mingitau.

Lub roob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Caucasus qib tsib nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub roob, tsim nyob rau hauv no txoj kev (raws li ib tug ntawm lub volcano).

Qhov siab ntawm qhov tshaj plaws kev sib tham ntawm Russia yog tsib kauj vaum rau puas thiab plaub caug-ob meters.

Nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej txog lub siab tshaj plaws ncov ntawm Caucasus

Qhov loj tshaj qhov siab ntawm lub Caucasus roob - yog lub roob siab Russia. Nws zoo li ob lub cones, ntawm qhov twg (nrug 3 km ntawm txhua lwm) nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 5,200 meters yog ib lub eeb. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, raws li twb tau sau, ib qhov siab ntawm 5,642 meters, ib tug me - 5621 meters.

Zoo li tag nrho cov kab uas tshwm ntawm volcanic keeb kwm, Elbrus muaj 2 qhov chaw: 700-meter pedestal ntawm pob zeb thiab ib lub khob ntawm tej (1942 meters) - ntawm ib tug volcanic kev tawg.

Cov saum toj daus saum toj no yog los ntawm qhov siab txog 3,500 metres. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj glaciers, feem ntau nrov ntawm uas yog Me thiab Big Azau thiab Terskop.

Qhov kub ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm Elbrus yog -14 ° C. Nag lossis ntog ntawm no ntog yuav luag txhua zaus hauv daim daus thiab thiaj li glaciers tsis txhob yaj. Vim yog qhov pom kev zoo ntawm Elbrus peaks los ntawm ntau qhov chaw rau tej thaj chaw deb thiab ntawm ntau lub sijhawm xyoo, lub roob no tseem muaj lub npe nthuav tawm - Malaya Antarctica.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thawj thawj zaug uas sab hnub tuaj ncov tau raug khoov los ntawm cov neeg nce toj hauv xyoo 1829, thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob ntev hauv xyoo 1874.

Glaciers nyob rau sab saum toj pub rau saum dej ntws ntawm thaj chaw no - Terek thiab Kuban.

Central Caucasus: ridges, tsis

Geographically, Central Caucasus yog ib feem ntawm lub Great Caucasus, nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub roob ntawm Elbrus thiab Kazbek (nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj). Ntawm lub vev xaib no qhov ntev ntawm lub Caucasian Ridge yog 190 kislas, thiab yog tias peb siv ua tus lej ntawm gyrus, txog 260 mais.

Lub ciam teb ntawm Lavxias lub xeev dhau los ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub Central Caucasus. South Ossetia thiab Georgia yog tom qab nws.

22 kilometers sab hnub poob ntawm Kazbek (sab hnub tuaj ntawm Central Caucasus), tus ciam teb Lavxias tebchaw me ntsis mus rau sab qaum teb thiab hla mus Kazbek, hnav cov Georgian hav ntawm Terek River (sab qaum).

Nyob rau hauv Central Caucasus, muaj 5 daim npav (piv nrog cov latitudes):

1. Lub ntsiab Caucasian Ridge (txog 5203 m siab, roob Shkhara).
2. Ridge Lateral (qhov siab mus txog 5642 metres, Mount Elbrus).
3. Ridge Rocky (qhov siab txog 3646 meters, Mount Karakay).
4. Ridge Pasture (txog 1541 meters).
5. Ridge Lesid (qhov siab ntawm 900 meters).

Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi thiab cov neeg nce toj feem ntau tuaj xyuas thiab cua daj cua dub thawj peb lub tsheb.

North thiab South Caucasus

The Great Caucasus, raws li ib yam khoom ntawm lub ntiaj teb, pib los ntawm Taman Peninsula, thiab nws xaus rau thaj tsam ntawm Apsheron (ceg av qab teb). Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no yog mus rau Caucasus. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm Russia muaj ib qho kev faib ua ob yam:

• Lub North Caucasus suav nrog Krasnodar cheeb tsam thiab Stavropol, Sab qaum teb Ossetia, Rostov Region, Chechnya, Republic of Adygea, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan thiab Karachay-Cherkessia.
• Sab Qab Teb Caucasus (lossis Transcaucasia) - Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan.

Elbrus cheeb tsam

Elbrus thaj - feem ntau thaj feem ntawm Central Caucasus. Nws thaj chaw npog lub taub hau ntawm Baksan River nrog nws cov pawg, ib qho chaw sab qaum teb ntawm Elbrus thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Mount Elbrus mus rau sab xis ntawm Kuban. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub cheeb tsam no yog lub npe Elbrus, nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab nyob rau hauv Ridge. Qhov thib ob siab tshaj plaws ncov yog Mount Ushba (4700 m).

Lub cheeb tsam ntawm Elbrus cheeb tsam yog nto moo rau nws loj tus naj npawb ntawm peaks nrog ntxhab ridges thiab mob rocky phab ntsa.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws glaciers muaj concentrated nyob rau hauv qhov loj loj Elbrus glacier complex, uas muaj 23 glaciers (tag nrho cheeb tsam - 122.6 sq. Km).

Qhov chaw ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus

1. Cov koom haum Lavxias Federation yog ib feem ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Greater Caucasus thiab nws cov khab los ntawm Watershed thiab Main Caucasian Range mus rau sab qaum teb. 10% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem nyob hauv North Caucasus.
2. Abkhazia kuj muaj thaj av uas yog qhov chaw ntawm Greater Caucasus: thaj av ntawm Kodori mus txog rau Gagra Range, Dub hiav txwv ntug dej ntawm tus dej. Psou thiab Inguri, thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Inguri ib qho me me ntawm cov lowlands ntawm Colchis.
3. Sab Qab Teb Osetia yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam hauv paus ntawm Greater Caucasus. Pib ntawm qhov chaw uas zoo tshaj plaws yog lub Caucasian Feem ntau. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm txuas rau sab qab teb los ntawm nws, nruab nrab ntawm Rachin, Suram thiab Lomis ranges mus rau lub hav dej ntawm Kura River.
4. Georgia muaj feem ntau cov khoom noj thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub teb chaws nyob hauv lub kwj ha thiab lowlands ntawm cov kab Caucasus Small thiab Loj mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Kakheti Khwv. Feem ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub tebchaws yog Svanetia, ib seem ntawm Greater Caucasus ntawm cov kab lus ntawm Kodori thiab Suram. Lub Georgian ib ncig ntawm lub Lesser Caucasus yog sawv cev los ntawm Meskheti, Samsara thiab Trialeti. Nws hloov tawm tias tag nrho ntawm Georgia yog nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus.
5. Azerbaijan nyob nruab nrab ntawm Watershed Ridge nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab Araks thiab Kura Rivers nyob rau sab qab teb, thiab nruab nrab ntawm Lesser Caucasus thiab Kakheti Range thiab Hiav Txwv Caspia. Thiab yuav luag tag nrho ntawm Azerbaijan (lub Mughan dawb thiab lub Talish toj siab mus rau Iranian uplands) yog nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus.
6. Armenia yog ib feem ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Lesser Caucasus (me ntsis mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Akhuryan River, uas yog lub tributary ntawm Araks).
7. Qaib ntxhw occupies sab south-western ntawm Lesser Caucasus, sawv cev rau plaub lub xeev sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws no: Ardahan, Kars, ib nrab Erzurum thiab Artvin.

Lub roob ntawm Caucasus yog ob qho zoo nkauj thiab txaus ntshai. Raws li qee tus kws tshawb fawb, muaj ib qho ploj lawm tias tom ntej puas xyoo lub roob hluav taws (Mount Elbrus) tau sawv los. Thiab qhov no yog fraught nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov cheeb tsam uas nyob sib ze (Karachaevo-Cherkessia thiab Kabardino-Balkaria).

Tab sis, txawm nws yog, lub xaus yog hais tias muaj tsis muaj dab tsi zoo nkauj tshaj lub roob. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom piav txog tag nrho qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm no lub teb chaws zoo heev mountainous. Yuav kom paub tag nrho cov no, koj yuav tsum mus saib cov kev xav hauv lub vaj kaj siab zoo nkauj. Tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws impressively, lawv saib ntawm cov qhov siab ntawm lub peaks ntawm Caucasus Toj siab.