Mail neeg rau zaub mov rau Linux: txheej txheem cej luam thiab teeb

E-mail rau feem ntau cov neeg zoo li ib tug qub website nrog ib tug user-friendly interface, nyob rau hauv uas koj yuav khaubncaws sau ntawv, muab cov duab thiab xa xov mus rau cov phooj ywg. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ua tau ntau npaum li cas complicated. Yuav kom hloov cov ntaub ntawv siv e-mail servers rau Linux. Nws yog lawv uas koom nyob rau hauv kev, tus me nyuam thiab cov lus routing. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav sib tham txog cov feem ntau nrov e-mail servers rau Linux, raws li zoo raws li yuav ua li cas rau configure ib co ntawm lawv.

Review ntawm kev txiav txim siab los ua ib tug system ntawm xa thiab tau txais cov lus

Nrog kev pab los ntawm e-mail rau ib tug Linux neeg rau zaub mov, koj yuav tau sai thiab yooj yim rau deploy lawv tus kheej mechanism yuav tau txais thiab xa lus. Lub web muaj kom ntau npaj txhij-ua kev daws teeb meem, uas muaj peev xwm tsuas teem ib tug me ntsis "tiav lawm." Ntawm lawv, ntawm chav kawm, muaj cov tseem ntau nyob rau hauv lub system configuration, cov configuration ntawm uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov nram no piv txwv postfix.

SendMail - nrov thiab ceev ceev

SendMail yuav hu ua ib tug tho kev nrog mail servers rau Linux. Tus thawj version twb tso tawm rov qab nyob rau hauv 1983. Txij li thaum SendMail mastered plurality ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb thiab ntshav. Nws yog dav siv rau hnub no. Ceev thiab optimized neeg rau zaub mov, tab sis nws tsis tau raws li niaj hnub qauv kev ruaj ntseg thiab yog heev hnyav teeb.

Postfix - saj zawg zog, muaj hwj chim loj thiab txhim khu kev qha

Nws yog Ameslikas tsim rau hauv kev siv IBM tshawb fawb Center. Muaj ntau zog thiab nta borrowed los ntawm SendMail. Txawm li cas los, nws yog sai npaum li cas, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab teeb yuav siv sij hawm tsawg lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab. Nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug mail rau zaub mov ntawm Linux, MacOS, Solaris.

IredMail

Qhov no neeg rau zaub mov yog yeej tseem zoo ib tug ntau dua virulence teem ntawm scripts thiab configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Nrog lawv pab, koj yuav ceev nrooj tuaj tos lub mail rau zaub mov ntawm Linux Web-raws li thiab dawb. Nws muaj kev txhawb rau cov SMTP, POP3 thiab IMAP. Lub installation txheej txheem yog feem ntau tsis coj ntau tshaj li 10 feeb, nyob ntawm seb cov kev txawj ntawm cov neeg khiav dej num.

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw kawm ib mail neeg rau zaub mov Linux- iRedMail yuav tau txiav ntsia txhais tau tias kev soj ntsuam txog nrog cov kab mob thiab spam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov muaj peev xwm yuav ntxiv kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv brute quab yuam, ntau yam analyzers thiab thiaj li nyob. Ib tug zoo kev xaiv npaj Linux-mail neeg rau zaub mov.

IndiMail

Nws combines ob peb lub npe hu twg thiab yees rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov kis ntawm email lus. Lub system kev muaj peev xwm tsim kev mus ntawm lub pob hlav ntawm ib tug network, piv txwv li, kev sib qhia ib tug mail kev pab rau cov tuam txhab uas muag sib txawv ntawm cov ceg. Lub system muaj ib tug heev saj zawg zog configuration mechanism. Nws yog siv los ntawm ib tug redefinition ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, ntawm uas tus neeg rau zaub mov hais txog 200. Nws yog tau los mus tsim ob peb thaum uas tig mus IndiMail ua hauj lwm tsev.

Rumble

Postal Linux web neeg rau zaub mov sau nyob rau hauv C ++. Muaj yog ib tug ua-nyob rau hauv API rau tswj thiab tsim scenarios. Nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov nta thiab functionality "tawm ntawm lub thawv." Kev txhawb los ntawm ob peb lub zoo-paub versions ntawm lub database. Yog hais tias qhov kev kawm, los yog reconfiguration, koj yuav ceev nrooj hloov los ntawm ib tug mus rau lwm yam. neeg rau zaub mov interfaces muab faib cov cai rau lawv cheeb tsam - cov neeg siv, cov thawj coj, thiab sau neeg rau zaub mov.

Zentyal

Tej zaum qhov uas yooj yim thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws lub tsheb ciav hlau xa Linux-neeg rau zaub mov. Nws yog yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov lus qhia thiab ua lub chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb graphical interface. Raws li cov mail neeg rau zaub mov Linux Ubuntu. Ntxiv zog los yog peev xwm txhim kho tshiab modules. Nrog nws yuav txheej txheem raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib mail neeg rau zaub mov thiab ib tug router los yog tso cai ntawm ntawm lub ntsiab thoroughfares.

Axigen

Pub dawb, haib thiab feature nplua nuj mail neeg rau zaub mov. Nws yuav siv tau raws li los ntawm nws tus kheej web interface los yog los ntawm tej yam e-mail neeg. Nws yog tau mus sau xa los ntawm lwm thawv, los ua ib qho automatic lo lus teb rau cov lus, lim lawv, thiab kuj yooj yim rau import ib CSV cov ntaub ntawv.

Configuration thiab Administration nws muaj nws tus kheej Web interface. Rau lovers ntawm classical tswj qauv - cov neeg ua hauj lwm yog muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov hais kom ua console.

Cov neeg rau zaub mov kev pab txhawb ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm systems, xws li lub qhov rais kab. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sis raug zoo yog heev zoo sau tseg thiab razyasnon heev heev piv txwv rau tus tsim tawm lub website.

CommuniGate Pro

Ntoo khaub lig-platform neeg rau zaub mov uas yuav ua hauj lwm nrog e-mail thiab lub suab lus. Nws yog ua tau mus txuas rau nws ntawm e-mail neeg los yog ib tug centralized web interface. Yog lub realization ntawm ntau yam ntawm kev nkag tau txoj cai rau ib tug ob peb cov neeg dab tsi. Plugins yuav pab tau integrate ntau yam anti-virus tshuab thiab cov kev daws.

Chaw kawm ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug system

Tom qab ib tug saib xyuas ntawm e-mail servers rau Linux yuav tsum xav txog qhov chaw kawm ib tug ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Piv txwv li, peb yuav qhia koj yuav ua li cas rau nruab thiab configure postfix rau Ubuntu. Nws yog assumed tias tus kho vajtse no twb muaj thiab cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system tshiab mus rau qhov tseeb version.

Tus thawj tshaj plaws ua - yog mus download tau neeg rau zaub mov nws tus kheej. Nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub repositories ntawm Ubuntu, li ntawd, lub davhlau ya nyob twg, hom:

Thaum lub sij hawm installation, lub kaw lus yuav nug rau ib tug tshiab lo lus zais rau lub database neeg siv nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus account. Ces nws yuav tsum tau rov qab kom paub meej tias. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav hais dab tsi hom ntawm installation xav. Ces, lub system tus mail lub npe, qhov chaw uas koj tau qhia kom meej - some.server.ru.

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug database rau lub neeg rau zaub mov. Qhov no yuav ua tau nrog qhov hais kom ua:

mysqladmin -u hauv paus -p tsim mail.

Qhov no yog qhov twg qhov yuav tsum tau qhia kom meej rau ib tug siv tau cov lo lus zais rau lub database.

Tam sim no koj muaj peev xwm mus rau lub heev daim tawv nqaij MySQL nrog qhov hais kom ua:

mysql -u hauv paus. dua, lub kaw lus yuav nug tus password uas tsim nyog nkag mus.

Tom ntej no yuav hais kom teeb, uas yuav pab tau los tsim ib tug tshiab neeg siv nrog kev tsim nyog tau:

Tsis tas li ntawd yuav tsum tau ntxhuav nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab database, tsim lawv li koj ua tau:

Tam sim no mysql console yog tsis xav tau thiab koj yuav tau tawm ntawm nws.

postfix configuration

Ua ntej koj yuav mus qhia cov neeg rau zaub mov, yuav ua li cas mus saib tau cov database, yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav nws qhov tseem ceeb tsim. Ua li no, yuav muaj ob peb cov ntaub ntawv. Tej zaum lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub directory / etc / postfix. Ntawm no yog lawv cov npe:

Lawv yuav tsum muaj cov nram no txheem, cov uas cov lus nug txoj hlua rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb:

cov neeg siv = admin lub npe teev thaum tsim ib lub rooj;

lo lus zais = ;

dbname = lub npe tsim database;

cov lus nug = lus nug, txhua rau ib qho ntaub ntawv;

fwjchim luj kawg nkaus = 127.0.01.

Tej lus nug rau cov ntaub ntawv:

Cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab cov lo lus zais rau teev rau hauv lub database, yog li ntawd nkag tau mus rau lawv yuav tsum cas txwv. Piv txwv li, lub tso cai, nws yog muaj kev txwv.

Tam sim no peb muaj ntxiv ib co kev xaiv rau postfix. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no kab, hloov some.server.ru tiag tiag no.

muaj kev ruaj ntseg Lawm

Yuav pib, koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib daim ntawv cai, uas yuav paub meej tias cov validity ntawm tag nrho cov daim ntawv pov.

Tsim los khw ntaub ntawv:

mkdir ~ / CA_new

Thiab ib tug configuration cov ntaub ntawv. Nws hosts lub cai nram qab no:

Ib me ntsis piav rau nws:

• nce mus nce los C - ntawm no yog koj xav tau qhia kom meej rau lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ob-tsab ntawv hom ntawv, piv txwv li, rau Russia - RU;
• ST - txhais tau tias ib thaj av los yog cheeb tsam;
• L - lub nroog;
• O - lub npe ntawm lub tuam txhab;
• CN - ntawm no yog koj xav tau qhia kom meej rau cov sau hais tias lub hom phaj tus yuam sij;
• e-mail chaw nyob.

Ces tsim thiab tus yuam sij rau nws tus kheej:

sudo OpenSSL genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 4096

Lub system qhia rau koj rau ib lo lus zais rau lub ntsiab, uas nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub tsis txhob hnov qab.

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum qhib cov tseem ceeb Version:

OpenSSL req -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 3650 -key ca.key -out ca.crt -config ca.conf

Muaj yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau ib tug yav tas los tsim lo lus zais rau lub lwm yam tseem ceeb.

Tam sim no lub daim ntawv pov thawj:

OpenSSL pkcs12 -export -Nyob rau hauv ca.cer -inkey ca.key -out ca.pfx

Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug directory nyob rau hauv uas mus khaws tag nrho generated lub lag luam. tus kheej sis txhais rau txhua neeg rau zaub mov.

mkdir nqi

mkdir nqi / some.domen.ru

Thiab tsim lawv tus kheej configuration:

nano nqi / some.domen.ru / openssl.conf

Hauv nws yuav tsum tau lub chaw teev hauv qab no. Lawv yog cov uas zoo sib xws rau cov neeg twb tsim.

Yuav kom muaj ib tug tseem ceeb, siv qhov hais kom ua:

sudo OpenSSL genrsa -passout dhau: 1234 -des3 -out nqi / some.server.ru / server.key.1 2048

Qhov no kab siv cov lo lus zais 1234. Nws yog yuav tsum tau rau ib lub sij hawm.

Cov lo lus zais yog tam sim no muab tshem tawm los ntawm pab neeg no:

OpenSSL RSA -passin dhau: 1234 -Nyob rau hauv nqi / some.server.ru / server.key.1 -out nqi / some.server.ru/server.key

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum kos npe rau tseem ceeb:

SERV /some.server.ru/ openssl.conf -new -key SERV /some.server.ru/ server.key -out SERV /some.server.ru/ server.csr OpenSSL req -config nqi /some.server.ru/ openssl.conf -new -key nqi /some.server.ru/ server.key -out nqi /some.server.ru/ server.csr

rm -f SERV/ some.server.ru/server.key.1 Thiab tshem tawm cov ib ntus: rm -f nqi / some.server.ru/server.key.1

Nrog kev pab los ntawm manipulation nqa tawm yuav tsum yog ib tug mail rau zaub mov uas muaj peev xwm tsuas xa thiab tau txais cov lus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab, muaj ntxiv modules uas yuav tsum tau ntsia mus nthuav lub functionality. Qhov no yuav tsim ib tug tag nrho-featured mail rau zaub mov ntawm Linux rau lub enterprise.

ntxiv nta

Cov nram qab no modules yuav siv tau mus cuag lub peevxwm ntawm lub mail neeg rau zaub mov, xws li "spam" los yog kev pab tis.

• Horde. Heev neeg siv-phooj ywg web interface rau mail. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau nws cov ntsiab hauj lwm muaj ib tug built-in daim ntawv qhia hnub, paub tab, thiab muaj mob. Nws muaj ib tug yooj yim configuration thiab nyob Circuit Court.
• Amavisd-tshiab. Nws ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib lub rooj vag thiab yog siv rau docking txawv technologies. Amavisd-tshiab tau txais, ntxaij lim dej nws txiav txim seb nws yuav ua tau txaus ntshai, thiab txuas ntxiv zog ntawm lwm modules ua pov thawj.
• SpamAssassin. Raws li lub npe implies, lub tsev ntxaij lim dej cov tsiaj ntawv raws li cov kev cai, xam spam. Nws yuav siv tau ob qho tib si nyias thiab raws li ib feem ntawm ntau yam dab.
• ClamAV. Nrov Linux-ib puag ncig antivirus. Nws yog ib tug dawb software. Tau mus ua hauj lwm nrog ntau mail servers luam theej duab cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus "rau tus yoov".
• Rab chais. ostfix. Qhov no module khw muag khoom lub checksums ntawm spam lus thiab sib txuas lus ncaj nraim nrog P ostfix.
• Pyzor - lwm lub cuab tam los mus txiav txim cov lus uas muaj siab phem los yog puas rau cov neeg siv code.
• Fail2ban. Ib lub cuab tam uas tiv thaiv cov neeg siv nyiaj tiv thaiv hacking brute quab yuam passwords. Tom qab ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov sij hawm ib lub qhov IP-chaw nyob yog sim rau ib pliag.
• Kws xa ntawv nqa. Kev uas yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav tsim chaw nyob xa ntawv npe los ntawm cov Web interface.
• Munin. Ib lub cuab tam rau cov saib xyuas neeg rau zaub mov kev kawm. Nws muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ready-made plug-ins kom nthuav nws cov tuition. Network twg ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tracked nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim lub sij hawm.

xaus

Raws li yuav pom los ntawm tsab xov xwm, cov installation thiab configuration ntawm ib tug tag nrho-fledged mail neeg rau zaub mov manually - ib tug ntev thiab nyuaj ua hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, qhov no mus kom ze yuav feem ntau to taub yuav ua li cas lub system ua hauj lwm thiab paub nws cov kev txawj thiab vulnerabilities. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov teeb meem uas npaj los ntawm tus kws tswj txoj yuav tsum tau sai sai nrhiav thiab txhim kho qhov teeb meem. Tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb nws yog rau cov loj tuam txhab uas muag uas nws ua hauj lwm yog lig nyob rau ntawm cov kev ceev ntawm xa thiab tau txais cov lus mus rau cov neeg los yog cov neeg koom tes. Rau me me tes hauj lwm yog heev haum tshuaj "tawm ntawm lub box", uas yuav tsum tau deployed sai sai siv neeg siv-phooj ywg interface.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug neeg rau zaub mov tsis ua hauj lwm yuav muaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm mus txeem thiab to taub cov system unit. Cov tsab xov xwm nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv ntawm postfix mail neeg rau zaub mov tso qhov yooj yim txoj kev thiab hom kev kawm rau qhov chaw kawm lub thawj lag luam. Coupled nrog cov loj tus naj npawb ntawm modules, plug-ins thiab ntxiv-ons nws yuav tsim ib tug haib thiab txhim khu kev qha twj rau xa thiab tau txais cov lus.