Lubricants thiab muaj kua

Mus nqa tawm lub mechanisms thiab zog ua hauj lwm cov cav tov siv lubricants thiab kev kua. Lawv muab kev ntseeg tau thiab efficiency ntawm lub lag luam los ntawm ntau yam khoom.

Hom lubricants

Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, lub zog ntawm cov mechanisms tshwm sim hu hniav thiab lawv deterioration kub los ntawm kev sib txhuam. Yuav kom txo tau nws cov mineral thiab hluavtaws lubricants yog siv.

Lubricants thiab muaj kua rau lub feem ntau ib feem raws li lub hauv paus rau cov khoom uas muaj:

• Distillate - lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation ntawm roj roj (lub teeb feem);
• residual - distillation ntawm ib tau.

Ib tug los yog lwm hom ntxhia roj yog npaj los ntawm nws cov distillate thiab residual Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv tej ratios thiab ntxiv thereto additives.

Khoom cua roj ua los ntawm synthesis ntawm tej yam hydrocarbons nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv thereto improvers kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob.

Hom Lubricants

• lub cev muaj zog;
• kis tau tus mob;
• hydraulic;
• Greases.

Additives rau lubricants

Yuav tsum muaj rau roj kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txawv tej yam kev mob, yog lossi tau nruj. Basic moj khaum yog tsis muaj peev xwm siab muab cov kev tsim nyog cov khoom uas yuav tsuas yuav tsim los ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm additives nyob rau hauv roj thiab kev haus dej kom ntau. Lawv tus nqi yog los ntawm cov zauv feem ntawm ib tug feem pua mus rau 15% thiab saum toj no.

Hom ntawm additives:

• Tib muaj nuj nqi - muab ib tug ntawm cov khoom: anti-coj, huab siab, khov, antioxidant, kev sib txhuam kom txhob muaj, antifoam, depressor, xab npum-dispersant, thiab lwm yam.;
• Multifunctional - siab polymer tebchaw conferring roj ob peb ua hauj lwm cov yam ntxwv;
• additive pob thiab compositions - mixed thiab sib txheeb additives uas txhim kho lub zog thiab tsim ib tug tshiab zoo (mus txog 15 yam).

Cov khoom ntawm cov roj thiab kua

Rau cov khoom xws li roj, ua hauj lwm kua, los yog GOST specifications muab ib tug set ntawm txawv tsis defining tej yam kev mob rau lawv daim ntawv thov.

1. Lubricity - ib tug ua ke ntawm anti-kev sib txhuam, coj los tiv thaiv thiab huab siab zog. Lub ntsiab parameter yog lub viscosity, uas characterizes lub flow kuj ntawm cov kua khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg (dynamic viscosity, Pa ∙ s). Lwm cov yam ntxwv yog cov kinematic viscosity, txiav txim los ntawm cov kev ceev ntawm kua outflow ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub capillary viscometer. Nws yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv m ² / s. Rau roj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob tos ntawm viscosity rau kub. Nws yog Kwv yees los ntawm cov Viscosity Index.
2. Thermal stability - ib tug qhia ntawm antioxidant zog ntawm cov roj, yus muaj los ntawm ib lub sij hawm transformation ntawm ib tug nyias zaj duab xis roj nyob rau hauv lub lacquer zaj duab xis. Lub siab dua nws yog, qhov ntau dua zoo khoom. Cov oxidation txheej txheem pib thaum rhuab mus 50-60 ° ^C. Cov kev siv ho tsub kom pib los ntawm ^{hais txog} 250 C. Cov tsaus roj thiab hloov nws physico-tshuaj zog.
3. Xab Npum-dispersant thaj chaw ntawm cov roj cav qhia nws muaj peev xwm txo cov tsim ntawm sediments thiab cov pa roj carbon deposits hauv lub engine thiab tswj kev ua qias tuaj khoom nyob rau hauv ncua kev kawm ntawv.
4. Anticorrosive thaj chaw ntawm roj yog maj qub los ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm coj khib nyiab. Corrosivity yog kwv yees li ntawm acid nqi, thiab txiav txim seb lub xov tooj ntawm mg Koh yuav tsum tau mus neutralize lub acid nyob rau hauv 1 g ntawm ib cov roj. Acid cov ntsiab lus thaum lub sij hawm nws lub lag luam tsub kom 3-5 lub sij hawm thiab lawv yog cov feem ntau txaus ntshai rau cov ntsiab lus. Thaj chaw ntawm roj yog kho los ntawm plaug additives tsim kev tiv thaiv films rau cov hniav hlau los yog acid neutralizing alkaline ntiaj teb co.

lub cev muaj zog roj

Reciprocating nrog combustion xyaw (ICE), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ntawm lubrication. Rau lawv siv lub cev muaj zog roj, cov khoom uas raug xaiv rau txhua cov khoom.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm rau lub internal combustion engine rau ntiav cov ntshiab ntxhia roj. Niaj hnub nimno boosted xyaw yuav tsum tau cov kev taw qhia ntawm additives. Advantageously siv multigrade roj, lub rooj sib tham yuav tsum viscosity tshaj ib tug ntau ntau yam kub.

Rau ntau units haum semi-synthetics - ntxhia dej nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom cua organic Cheebtsam. Yuav nws, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov authenticity thiab zoo tshaj ntawm cov khoom no. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muab cov tswv yim pom zoo ntawm cov lus qhia rau lub tsheb. Ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog los paub hais tias cov manufacturers kom roj hom, los ntawm uas lawv profit. Cov neeg uas tsis dhau versed nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov nyiaj muas, koj yuav tsum ua raws li lawv cov tswv yim.

Ib suam ntawm lub cev muaj zog roj

Los ntawm kev ua tau zoo lub cev muaj zog roj yog txwv kom muab zais rau hauv ib pawg rau xyaw:

• A - neforsirovannom carburetor (ob peb additives).
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% additives).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (mus txog 8% additives).
• F - heev ceev (8-12% ntawm additives).
• D - heev ceev hnyav ncawv loaded diesel xyaw (18-25% additives).

Los ntawm degree ntawm lub cev muaj zog roj viscosity chav kawm ntawv yog 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. khoom multigrade engine roj ntawm mineral bases los ntawm thooj tsawg viscosity MPF additives. Lawv muaj 10 chav kawm, txhua tus uas yog xwm raws li ib feem, e.g., 4H / 8. Lub numerator ntawm lub viscosity qib teev ntawm -18 ^{° C,} thiab cov denominator - nyob rau ntawm ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Yog hais tias lub npe hu lub npe ntawm cov roj cav, e.g. M-6 _c / 10B _2, nws muaj peev xwm yuav deciphered raws li nram no: M - lub cev muaj zog 6 _h - viscosity qib nrog thooj additive 10 - viscosity ntawm 100 ⁰ C, - sredneforsirovannyh engine 2 - rau diesel xyaw .

cov roj cav zoo check yog ua nyob rau hauv lub diagnostic chaw, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug tej yam nqi. Puas muaj ib qho yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav mus saib: nrog cov kev sojntsuam yuav tau muab ib tee roj rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv. Yog hais tias nws yog sai ntws tam sim ntawd, tawm hauv saum nplaim ob peb fatty voj voog, nws txhais tau tias ib tug zoo cov khoom.

High kuj dauv characterizes tsis tau kev pab zog. Tej yam xws li yog haum rau kev ntsuag qhov zoo tshaj ntawm tshiab roj nplua nyeem.

kis tau tus mob roj

Tus qauv ntawm cov kis muaj xws li ib tug kis tau tus mob thiab tis, axles, kauj iav thiab lwm tus neeg. Lubrication yog yuav tsum tau rau ntau hom zog. Iav roj yog ua los ntawm cov mineral los sis semisynthetic los luj nrog haumxeeb additives raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, phosphorus, sulfur, disulfide, tsim ib tug tiv thaiv zaj duab xis, muab cov khoom los ntawm tsis zoo influences. Viscosity agents yuav tsum muaj cov zaj duab xis ntawm ib tug siab load thiab kub. Nyob rau hauv huab cua txias, lub roj viscosity yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov mechanisms, uas yog xaiv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tsim nyog viscosity Performance index.

Tso iav roj:

• yuav txo tau ntawm losses nyob rau hauv tsis sib haum xeeb thiab coj;
• Thaum tshav kub kub tshem tawm los ntawm cov kev sib cuag aav;
• yuav txo tau ntawm poob siab loads;
• uas tsis yog-tshuaj lom thiab uas tsis yog-pov tseg.

Cov feem ntau pheej yig kev haus dej kom ntau thiab greases raws li ntxhia roj. Lawv muaj zoo yam ntxwv, txoj kev kom ib tug txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis.

Khoom cua roj yog ho muaj dua nyob rau hauv zoo, tab sis lawv yog cov feem ntau kim khoom. Zoo muaj nuj nqis rau cov nyiaj yog semi-synthetics.

Domestic kis tau tus mob roj comprise viscosity qib 4. Raws li cov kev kawm cov yam ntxwv lawv muab faib ua 5 pab pawg. Cov npav ntawm txawv compositions qhia yooj yim yam ntxwv, piv txwv li, TM-5-9 _ntawm - kis tau tus mob roj Group 5, cov viscosity ntawm lub 9 chav kawm ntawv thooj additive. QAUV txawv teb chaws Classification - SAE 80W-90, nyob qhov twg lub cim qhia 80 - viscosity qib, W - txheej txheem 90 - sib nug xov mus rau lub yam tsawg kawg nkaus viscosity ntawm 14 hli ² / s ntawm 99 ⁰ C.

Kua rau hydraulic tshuab

Nyob rau hauv gidromehanizmov systems thiab actuators rau actuating tshwj xeeb kev kua siv. Cov no yog cov uas yuav tsum tau:

• pumpability, thiab ib tug me me kub dependence ntawm viscosity;
• siab xeb kuj thiab tsis muaj o los yog degradation ntawm hydraulic cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj;
• siab lubricity;
• tshuaj thiab lub cev stability thaum tswj cov thawj thaj chaw rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam;
• hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm impurities, dej thiab corrosive tshuaj uas ua rau corrosion.

Hydraulic roj xws li hais txog 20 hom. Lawv yog ua los ntawm blending roj av distillates thiab additives. Cov feem ntau siv ntxaiv roj AU. Paub roj MG-30, M-2IHP, AMG-10, MGE-10a.

Kua rau dampers thiab nres tshuab

Nres kev haus dej kom ntau tsim siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuab hydraulic. Cov no yog cov uas yuav tsum tau:

• tsawg khov taw tes;
• ib tug me me viscosity;
• zoo lubricity;
• xeb kuj;
• tsis muaj nyhuv dejnum rau roj hmab ntsaws ruaj ruaj.

Hom nres kua.

1. ESC - 60% Castor roj + 40% ethanol.
2. SBR - 50% Castor roj + 50% butyl haus dej cawv.
3. 35% glycerol + 65% cawv.
4. "Neva" thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov me me kauj ruam-22M - ib tug glycol-raws li additives.
5. "Tom" - ib tug sib tov ntawm glycols nrog esters ntawm boric acid.

Nres kua rau kev castor hauv paus ntawm ib tug kub hauv qab no -20 ⁰ C. stiffen, tab sis tsuas yog ib tug dej cawv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lawv raug xaiv nyob ntawm seb lub cheeb tsam. Hloov kua nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov yog tsis tshua muaj tau. Feem ntau cov nyiam tag nrho-lub caij thov kua compositions uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv glycol. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog "Tom", uas muaj zoo corrosion thiab coj los tiv thaiv lub zog.

Poob siab thov formulations AF-12T thiab IHP-10, muaj raws ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm pob zeb hauv av roj roj nrog cov uas tsis muaj viscosity silicone kua thiab additives.

Kev kua

Cov kua txias system yog tsim kom muaj qhov yuav tsum tau kub lub ICE hom. Nws yog ib tug raug kaw, noj tam sim ntawd thaum tshav kub kub los ntawm tus ua hauj lwm mechanisms thiab dua nws los ntawm ib tug radiator rau cov ib puag ncig.

Yav tas los, lub hwj chim nroj tsuag txias los ntawm dej, tab sis nws twb tso tseg vim me rapids khov thiab kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov ntaub ntawv scum, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau corrosion.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev haus dej kom ntau hloov nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis cov kev qhia tswj nyob twj ywm hauv dej.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws daim ntawv thov tau txais dej ntsuab - ib tug sib tov dej nrog glycols thiab tshwj xeeb additives. Lawv muaj cov nram qab zoo:

• tsawg khov taw tes;
• me ntsis expansion raws li qhov khov;
• boiling point saum toj no 110 ^{° C;}
• zoo lubricating zog.

Dej ntsuab raws li ethylene glycol pheej yig - nws yog lom technical kua. Lower toxicity muaj compositions raws li propylene glycol, tab sis lawv cov nqi yog ntau dua.

xaus

Roj thiab kev haus dej kom ntau ua tswvcuab rau lub lag luam nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam. Tsav tsheb tsis muaj qhov kev paub ntawm lawv cov daim ntawv thov yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub compositions, pom zoo cov lus qhia rau ib tug lub tsheb hom. Kev mloog yuav tsum tau them mus rau lub caij ntuj no lub sij hawm ntawm lub lag luam. Thaum khaws cia rau hauv lub tsheb nyob rau hauv ib tug rhuab chav nres tsheb yog heev haum rau txhua lub caij nyoog ntawm cov kua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua kom pom tseeb rau hauv lub zoo indicators, As, tsis nyob rau nqi. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lwm yam, xws li lub cav lub neej.