Lub zog muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nqaijrog: piv txwv thiab piav qhia. Yuav ua li cas yog cov nqaijrog thiab qhov twg mus nqa tawm zog muaj nuj nqi?

Peb lub cev yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam ib txoj lw ntsiab thiab tshuaj. Vim lawv tas mus li hloov dua siab tshiab peb yuav nyob thiab nqa tawm lawv ua lag ua luam. Peb tsis txawm xav txog hais tias txhua txhua feeb ntawm lub neej ntawm me me ntawm lub cev yog lossi ua hauj lwm, coj peb ib tug haum. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm txhua tus neeg yog lossi replenish lawv cov stocks.

Substance rau lub neej ntawm tus kab mob

Lub ntsiab yam uas tso cai rau peb rau siab ua yog carbohydrates, cov nqaijrog thiab nqaijrog. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv txawv proportions nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov zaub mov, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb sib npaug cov ntsiab, raws li tej zaum yuav tsis pib ib lub noj qab haus huv tej teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav saib lub zog ntawm cov nqaijrog, raws li lawv muaj peev xwm muab lub cev muaj zog.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm tshuaj - cov nqaijrog?

Cov no yog cov hais tias tshwm sim tawm lub amino acid saw. Lawv muaj ib tug siab molecular luj, raws li ib tug tib molecule accommodates ob peb amino acids uas khi lub polypeptide daim ntawv cog lus. Ib chav tsev ntawm protein tivthaiv, uas muaj tuaj los ntawm tej yam amino acid.

Qhov no tshuaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb lub tsev khoom siv rau lub cev. Ntawm amino acids thiab proteins uas kom tsim zoo tag nrho ntawm lub cev: lawv txiav txim seb tus neeg muab kev pab cov pa li hemoglobin - ib tug protein. Qhov no tshuaj yuav pab tau pab txhawb cov kev tiv thaiv kab mob, koom nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, yog li tsim nyog rau cov kev cai ntawm ntau nrog dab. Nws twb tseem them nrog lub zog muaj nuj nqi, uas yog tsis peculiar rau nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Yog tsis muaj nws, lub cev yog heev yooj yim tsim thiab loj hlob. Tab sis qhov tshaj protein yog tsis tsim nyog rau peb. Los ntawm cov loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv yog dab ntawm fermentation thiab lwm yam tsis zoo los rau lub hlwb thiab kabmob.

Lawv lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi

Cov nqaijrog ua ntau zog ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm lub cev tsis muaj ntawm kev cai ntawm tej txheej txheem, zus tau tej cov hlwb tshiab, lub cev tsis tiv thaiv thiab thiaj li nyob. Cia peb kawm lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.

1. Catalytic. Amino acids, txuas txoj kev, tsim enzymes uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev ceev ntawm tej yam tshua nyob hauv lub cev. Peb yuav tsis tham txog ib tug kaum os cov neeg ua hauj lwm catalyzation enzymes. Lawv muaj ib tug ob peb txhiab, thiab lawv tswj mus txog 4000 cov lus teb. Tag nrho cov dab koom nyob rau hauv ib tug tswvyim - cov metabolism hauv. Namely cov nqaijrog txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm uas nws yuav tshwm sim.
2. Lub Khoos Loos Tsev - uas muaj tej yam cov nqaijrog kom hauv daim ntawv ntawm nrog hlwb nyob rau hauv sab nraum peb muaj ib tug mus tas daim ntawv ntawm tes, cov plaub hau thiab thiaj li nyob.
3. Cov kev tiv thaiv nuj nqi. Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov proteins uas yog ib feem ntawm lom kua, lub hlwb thiab cov ntaub ntawv, muab kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub cev, cov tshuaj lom, tiv thaiv kab mob lawm.
4. Ntxawg - muaj squirrels, uas yog tsis tsim ntaub ntawv ntawm hlwb tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub metabolism, lub zog muaj nuj nqi rau lawv yog tsis peculiar, tab sis lawv yog koom nyob rau hauv cov kev cai dab nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Lawv yog "menyuam" rau cov kev hloov ntawm caj ces, kev ua ub no, thiab cov amino acid synthesis.
5. Thauj muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nqaijrog yog hais tias lawv nqa ib qho tseem ceeb thiab pab tau tshuaj rau lub cev los ntawm cov hlab ntsha los yog ntawm lub hlwb.
6. Receptor - txwv tsis pub nws yuav hu ua mechano-tshuaj. Ib txhia cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv txawv Pib ntsais koj teeb muaj peev xwm hloov lawv ntev los ntawm tej.
7. Energetichekoy muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nqaijrog - cov nqaijrog tso tawm los ntawm cleavage ntawm ib tug tej tus nqi ntawm lub zog. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv tej yam hauj lwm raws li nws qhov chaw.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv twg, muaj ib tug lub zog muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nqaijrog?

Tsis yeej ib txwm peb noj cov zaub mov yog balanced thiaj li hais tias cov proteins, cov rog thiab carbohydrates nyob rau hauv peb lub cev ua nyob rau hauv xws nqi raws li yuav tsum tau. Yog li ntawd feem ntau muaj yog ib tug tsis muaj los yog tshaj ntawm tej yam tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub caij nyoog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm txaus carbohydrate thiab muaj roj mus rau lub fore zog muaj nuj nqi ntawm proteins. Cov kab mob tsis tu tsis tseg rau haus zog, li ntawd, nws yog ib tug compound ntawm amino acids pib xa nws.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog?

Protein - ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev. Variations nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv mozht yuav txhiab, nyob ntawm seb nws rau lawv cov distinguished zog. Ndlwg tus nqi ntawm lub substance tshaj ib lub sij hawm ntev loj loj, lub qub zog muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nqaijrog ua rau splitting yog li ntawd tsim nyog lossi replenish lawv cov mov. Qhov no yuav pab peb ua peb lub cev - yog ib tug txheej ntawm hlwb uas ua ke protein thiab tej hom thiab zog.

Tus tso tawm ntawm lub zog muaj tshwm sim nrog hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev zom cov protein nyob hauv lub ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Qhov kawg cleavage ntawm amino acids tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cellular theem.

Conversion ntawm cov nqaijrog nyob rau hauv lub plab

Lub zog muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nqaijrog, piv txwv uas yuav tau los sib tham li hauv qab no, pib nrog lub cleavage ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub plab. Ntawm no los txog rau cov kev pab ntawm tib yeeb tshuaj, lub nkaus xwb lwm yam qauv - cov enzyme pepsin. Nws yog active nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob (thaum lub pH yog saum toj no thiab hauv qab no 5.0 2.0). By hloov lub tso pa tawm ntawm pais plab qog ntawm lub acidic pais plab kua txiv, uas yog pab rau lub lag luam ntawm pepsin.

Twb nyob rau ntawm no theem peb yuav pib lub zog muaj nuj nqi ntawm proteins. Pepsin - ib qho ntawm ntau enzymes, uas muaj peev xwm muab siab npuab txoj protein collagen (tus thawj xib fwb lub tebchaw nyob rau hauv cov nqaij cov ntaub so ntswg). Combining nrog dej (hydrolysis), nws cov ntaub ntawv intermediate decomposition khoom thiab ib tug me me feem ntawm lub tshav kub uas dissipates los ntawm lub cev ib feem nyob rau hauv lub zog metabolism. Koj yuav hais tias cov proteins ua zog muaj nuj nqi, nws cov qauv yog tsis enzymes, raws li tus tom kawg tsuas pab no muaj nuj nqi mus nqa lwm yam tshuaj.

Kev Koom Tes nyob rau hauv pancreatic cov nqaijrog cleavage

Cov txiav tsis tau ib yam khoom rau cleavage. Tab sis nws yog ib lub chaw muag khoom ntawm lub yuav tsum tau truss, thiaj li tsis muaj nws, nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov ntawm cov nqaijrog yog yooj yim ua. Nws muab cov digestive kabmob pancreatic enzymes: proelastazoy, chymotrypsin, trypsin, karboksipolipeptidazoy.

Splitting nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv

Tsis yog txhua txhua proteins uas raug mus rau ib tug ua tiav disintegration ntawm txoj hnyuv, txawm hais tias nws ua hauj lwm rau ib tug ntau ntawm tshuaj. Txawm nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub plab zom mov yuav ua tau dipeptides thiab tripeptides. Tsuas yog ib tug ob peb amino acids mam li tawm no GI unit.

Trypsin thiab chymotrypsin pab txia cov nqaijrog rau hauv polypeptides, qhov tseem ceeb cov tsis muaj piam thaj nyob rau hauv lub cev thaum tshav kub kub, muaj tseem yuav zoo zog cov kev ua ntawm proteins. Piv txwv li transformations peb yuav soj ntsuam txhua txhua hnub, thaum peb siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Tom qab lub neej puas ntawm cov nqaijrog rau polypeptides nkag mus rau ua hauj lwm enzyme karboksipolipeptaza - nws disconnects tus neeg amino acids los ntawm lub kawg ntawm lub tsim tebchaw. Proelastaza digests elastic fibers ntawm cov nqaij cov khoom thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

Cov nqaijrog ua zog muaj nuj nqi, yog tus kawg theem ntawm kev zom nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, lub duodenum. Muaj lawv raug mus rau lub villi uas muaj peptidase. Cov tshuaj, ua kom tiav tus txheej txheem ntawm splitting cov polypeptides mus rau ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov amino acids interacting nrog plab hnyuv kua. Ntxiv faib ntawm tshav kub zog los ntawm lub txheej txheem raws li ib tug protein neej puas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cellular theem, thiab kawg khoom ntawm lub cleavage ntawm cov complex qauv tshuaj yog uric acid, urea, dej thiab carbon dioxide. Yog li, peb tau pom, qhov twg lub zog muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nqaijrog yog nqa tawm. Nws twb tsis muaj ib qho amino acids localization. Tab sis nws yog nqa tawm los ntawm thaum pib mus rau tag nrho kev zom ntawm cov protein.

cellular zog

Zog muaj nuj nqi rau ua xws cell organelles li mitochondria. Thaum lub cell daim nyias nyias transporter molecule muaj rau luag decomposition khoom ntawm cov nqaijrog nrog molecules. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj, lub zog yog tso tawm, uas yuav pab ua ke molecules ntawm ATP thiab ua num ua ke nrog rau oxygen. Txawm nyob rau ntawm lub cellular theem, koj muaj peev xwm teb cov lus nug raws li uas cov nqaijrog muaj zog muaj nuj nqi. Cov no yog cov tshuaj uas tsis muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv enzyme ua hauj lwm thiab kev tsim kho, raws li nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub cev hlwb yog muab kev koom tes ntau survivors thaum lub sij hawm cleavage polypeptides. Tab sis lawv ho muaj peev xwm coj ib tug me me feem ntawm lub zog ntawm cov cellular theem ntawm mitochondria thiab ATP molecules tsim (ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw ntawm lub zog rau tag nrho cov dab nyob rau hauv lub cev).