Lub suab volume: qhov sib txawv pw tsaug zog qauv thiab decibels

Suab tsis impacting rau cov tib neeg nruas ntsej, ua hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv cov plaub hau. Lub amplitude ntawm lub suab deeg ncaj qha mus txog rau lub ntaus nqi loudness ntawm lub vuag - dab tsi nws yog, lub suab ntim yuav tsum muaj ntau xav. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, yooj yim zog txhais lus. Tab sis lub point yog!

Lub xaav ntawm tib lub suab siv txhua tus neeg yuav tau lawv tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog kev ncaj ncees rau cam hais tias lub ntim - ib tug subjective nqi. Ntxiv mus, qhov no parameter nyob ntawm qhov zaus thiab amplitude ntawm lub suab deeg thiab siab tsis. Nyob rau hauv lub suab volume yog pawg los ntawm xws li yam li lub duration ntawm lub oscillations, lawv localization nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab ib tug timbre spectral cov ntsiab lus.

Volume Unit yog hu ua pw tsaug zog (sone). 1 npau suav sau raws nkaus Ii kwv yees li rau lub ntim ntawm muted sib tham thiab qhov ntim ntawm lub engine ntawm lub aircraft yog 264 Sonam. Los ntawm txhais, sib npaug zos rau ib tug pw tsaug zog laus ntim nqi ntawm 1000 thiab ib theem ntawm 40 dB. Lub hwj chim ntawm lub suab, hais nyob rau hauv sones muaj cov mis:

J = k * Kuv ^1/3, ntawm no

k - lub coefficient ntawm lub zaus-dependent, kuv - siv hloov mus hloov los.

Vim lub fact tias cov oscillations nrog sib txawv suab siab (cov kev siv ntawm nws cov sib txawv) nyob rau txawv frequencies yuav muaj tib lub suab volume, xws li ib tug unit kuj yog siv los ntsuas nws lub zog raws li ib tug keeb kwm yav dhau (phon). F 1 yog sib npaug zos rau qhov txawv ntawm ntim ntau ntau 2 suab nrog tib zaus, rau cov uas hauv tib lub volume ntawm lub suab zaus ntawm 1000 Hz yuav sib txawv raws li lub siab theem (siv) ntawm 1 dB.

Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia kom meej los yog sib piv qhov ntim, feem ntau siv decibels - ib tug derivative chav tsev ntawm daylight. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub nce nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm cov suab yog tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug linear kev sib raug zoo rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov tsis, thaum nyob rau hauv logarithmic. 1 Bel = tenfold hloov nyob rau hauv hwj chim oscillation amplitude. Nws yog ib tug zoo nkauj loj. Yog li ntawd, rau qhov muab xam siv nws thib kaum ib feem - decibels.

Hnub ntawm lub tib neeg pob ntseg yuav hnov suab tsis volume ntawm 10 decibels thiab saum toj no. Nws yog xam hais tias lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yam ntawm tag nrho cov frequencies muaj neeg 000 yog 20-20 Hz. Nws yog pom hais tias nws hloov nrog lub hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas zoo tshaj plaws audible yoj nruab nrab zaus (kwv yees li 3 kHz) nyob rau hauv adulthood - zaus ntawm 2 mus rau 3 kHz, thiab nyob rau hauv cov laus hnub nyoog - cov suab ntawm 1 kHz. Suab tsis nrog amplitude mus txog 3.1 KHz (kilohertz thawj) muaj xws li nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev hais lus kev sib txuas lus. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv broadcasting thiab nyob rau hauv DV- SW bands, raws li zoo raws li cov xov tooj.

Yog hais tias lub zaus yog tsawg dua 16-20 Hz, ces xws suab nrov yog pom tias yuav infrasound, tab sis yog hais tias nws yog ntau tshaj 20 kHz - ultrasound. Infrasound nrog 5-10 Hz oscillations yuav ua resonance nrog lub co ntawm cov hauv nruab nrog cev thiab ua rau lub paj hlwb thiab txhim khu mob tej nyob rau hauv cov pob qij txha thiab cov pob txha. Tab sis ultrasound yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd nrog nws ua kab (midges, yoov tshaj cum), cov tsiaj (e.g., dev), cov noog ntawm airfields.

Yuav kom nrhiav tau tawm qhov ntim ntawm lub suab los yog suab nrov, siv ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv - ntsuas lub suab nrov theem. Nws yuav pab tau nrhiav kom paub tias tsis yog tsis pub dhau lub siab tshaj plaws permissible suab deeg nqi uas bears tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yog raug ntev-yoj nrog ib theem siab tshaj 80-90 dB, nws yuav ua rau ua kom tiav los yog ib nrab tsis tau hnov. Qhov no tej zaum kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pathological mob ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab kab systems. Luag volume yog tas rau 35 dB. Yog li ntawd tsis txhob mloog cov suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv headphones nyob puv ntim rau lub rooj sib hais kev txuag. Ua nyob rau hauv ib tug heev nrov ib puag ncig, koj yuav tau siv earplugs.