Kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia

Keeb kwm ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia pib muaj nyob rau hauv lub 60s 19veka. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, lub nyeem pej xeem thiab cov scientific lub zej zog twb xub paub translations ntawm cov khoom thiab cov phau ntawv Comte. Thoob plaws Lavxias teb sab Sociology xav khi censorship ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm Comte, raws li zoo raws li tsis muaj lub siab txawv teb chaws positivism tom qab nws tuag. Ib tug yoj ntawm "ob nyeem ntawv" ntawm Auguste Comte, los ntsib qhov tseeb lub teb chaws uas tsim thiab Fabkis, thiab Russia seized. Cov phau ntawv Magazine "Lavxias teb sab lo lus", "kawm", "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland", thiab lwm yam cov khoom pib tshwm rau hauv lub Sociology thiab Comte, sau los ntawm VV Lesevichem, P. L. Lavrovym, D. I. Pisarevym.

Ib tug enormous pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia ua tus thawj Lavxias teb sab sociologists: lub founders ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm Kareah Yuzhakov, Mikhailovsky, Lavrov thiab lwm tus neeg. Lawv tau pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia, txoj kev ua nws tus kheej mus kom ze rau txoj kev paub thiab kawm txog kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim. Lawv saib cov haiv neeg los ntawm lub plaub ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm nws cov neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg mob siab, tsim, active - subjective txoj kev. Ib tug ntawm cov tej hauj lwm N. K. Mihaylovskogo hu ua - "Heroes thiab cov neeg coob coob". Kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia twb cim los ntawm cov nram qab no tej teeb meem: cov emergence ntawm tus tib neeg tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsiaj hom, qhov kev kawm ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab cov division of labor, qhov ratio ntawm tej yam ntuj tso thiab kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, tej yam rau qhov kev kawm ntawm cov nyiaj txiag kheej.

Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau muaj ib co achievements. Kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb cim los ntawm cov expansion ntawm lub ntau yam ntawm cov tshawb nrhiav cov teeb meem tshwm sim raws li nram no: puas siab puas ntsws, thaj, materialistic. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub Lavxias teb sab Sociology pib muaj kev cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov ntev-tsim sciences: keeb kwm, kev cai lij choj, philosophy thiab lwm yam kev sib raug zoo sciences.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia, thawj theem yuav zoo yuav ntaus nqi tsim, cov me nyuam yug ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia, uas ntawd kub ntev li ntawm 60 mus rau 90 xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no kis tau sociological tswv yim, tsim cov kev taw qhia ntawm sociological thought, uas coj cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab science.

Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia lub sij hawm los ntawm 90 xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 mus rau lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, xam raws li lub thib ob theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob - yog institutionalization, piv txwv li nws paub los ntawm haiv neeg thiab lub xeev, lub tsev lag luam ntawm scientific tsev, departments thiab kev sib cais .. lub hauv paus ntawm lub sawm fem thiab scientific phau ntawv, thiab lwm yam

Rau ntawm no theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ze kev koom tes nrog txawv teb chaws, uas yog lub nyob sab Europe Sociology.

Tu siab kawg, nyob rau hauv lub 1920s. tsim ntau ceev faj thiab hostile yam ntxwv rau social science los ntawm cov Soviet cov tub ceev xwm pib. Tiav cov kauj ruam no kaw qhov sociological tsev, thiab sociologists nrog non-Marxist views thiab tej lus qhia raug ntiab tawm los ntawm Russia, los yog xa mus rau lub camps rau "re-education". Txij li thaum 1922, lub department kaw thiab nres txoj kev kawm nyob rau hauv Sociology ntawm cov universities kaw sociological Society, raws li M. M. Kovalevskim.

Qhov thib peb theem nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Sociology yog tus "dub" thiab ntawd kub ntev li los ntawm cov 1920 los. kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1950. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, Sociology tau txais daim ntawv lo ntawm "bourgeois science" thiab ousted Marxist-Leninist philosophy thiab scientific communism.

Tshiab ib nrab institutionalization pib tsuas yog tom qab lub txim "cwm pwm cult" ntawm Stalin, tab sis twb khi los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology ntawm cov CPSU thiab nws tsis tau txais ntau tis rau cov haiv neeg.

Niaj hnub nimno, cov plaub theem tuaj nyob rau hauv lub 1980s thiab twb cim los ntawm cov ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Sociology. Sociology tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm ib qho kev ywj science thiab yog qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Tom qab mus los ntawm tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv Russia peb pom hais tias nws muaj ntau tshaj li ib nrab centuries. Vim lub fact tias nws yog ib tug ntawm cov sai tsim science, maj mam tshem tawm qhov khoob ntawm peb paub txog kev sib raug zoo thiab lub neej, peb yuav maj mam tuag mus nrog lub teb chaws lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Sociology nyob rau hauv tsim lub teb chaws uas tau ploj mus rau pem hauv ntej.