Lub proportions ntawm qhov muag tsis pom thaj tsam ntawm pob zeb rau: muab xam, nta, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov tswv yim

Qhov muag tsis pom thaj tsam - heev ib qho tseem ceeb architectural caij ntawm lub tsev. Yog li ntawd, thaum nws yog poured yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tej yam technologies. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj ib tug tov. Yog hais tias lub pob zeb proportions rau lub qhov muag tsis pom thaj tsam tsis tau ntsib ib tug ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej nws yuav tsis ua hauj lwm.

lub sij hawm

Lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub qhov muag tsis pom thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev yog, ntawm chav kawm, cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub underground ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm rainwater thiab meltwater. Uake ntawm no architectural caij, yog li, yuav ho cuag cov kev pab cuam hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Yog hais tias cov av yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub hauv qab daus yuav nyob twj ywm qhuav, sib nrug los ntawm lwm yam, nws yuav txo tau cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav load thaum lub sij hawm heaving ntawm cov av. Tej zaum lub tsev muag tsis pom thaj tsam thiab ua lwm muaj nuj nqi - ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug walkway. Yog hais tias lub tsev yog nyob ib sab nyom nrog nws nws tseem yog heev yooj yim mus nqa tawm dej.

Yuav tsum muaj rau cov neeg dig muag thaj tsam

Nrog kev tsim kho ntawm no architectural caij ntawm lub tsev mus rau raws li cov kev cai SNIP:

• Lub dav ntawm lub qhov muag tsis pom thaj chaw rau av chav kawm ntawv kuv yuav tsum tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li 1 m, rau Class II - 2 m.
• Qhov siab tshaj plaws thickness ntawm lub compacted av hauv qab lub pob zeb ribbon - 0.15 hli.
• Yam tsawg kawg nkaus nqes hav otmostki - 0.03 m.
• xuab zeb cushion thickness nyob rau hauv daim kab xev yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsawg tshaj li 3 cm.

Thaum lub sij hawm pouring otmostka yuav tsum tau siv tam nrog ib tug hlau ntxaij ntoo. Rau teem caij cov kua txheej yuav tsum tau siv rubble.

Los ntawm uas tej zaum yuav yog nyob ntawm seb qhov zoo tshaj ntawm qhob

Ib txhia cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev yog xam hais tias, txij li thaum lub yam ntxwv caij ntawm lub tsev yog tsis muaj kev load thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam yuav tsis tau tuav, koj yuav siv tau tej yam, txawm tsis zoo heev mix rau nws. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis yog li ntawd. Qhob kev faib ua feem rau cov dig muag thaj tsam, yuav tsum ua raws li. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv nws kev puas tsuaj (ntes thiab spalling) lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev tam sim ntawd pib yuav tsum tau raug mus ya raws. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ho thiaj li pab lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov tsev.

Raws li SNIP cai rau qhov no architectural caij ntawm lub tsev yog tso cai rau siv cov brand-mix qhob yog tsis qis tshaj li tus M200, uas sib raug rau cov tub kawm B-15. Yuav kom npaj no sib tov, nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv txoj cai MAAs, xuab zeb thiab muab tub lim. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lawv yuav tsum tau tov nyob rau hauv txoj cai proportions.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm cov xis mas mus yuav

Qhov no feem nyob, thiab txiav txim yuav ua li cas zoo yuav nws thiaj li ua vaj tse muaj pes tsawg leeg rau lub qhov muag tsis pom thaj chaw. Lub proportions ntawm qhov seem uas Cheebtsam yog txiav txim tsuas yog los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov xis mas. Rau pob zeb ua mixtures chav kawm ntawv B-15 yog tsim nyog los xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas qib M400. Tej MAAs muaj cov nram qab cov yam ntxwv:

• Duration ntawm qaug dab peg - 2-4 teev ambient kub +18 ... + 22 ° C.
• Kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam kub - -60 rau +300 ° C.
• Lub neej ntawm cov qauv - mus txog rau 100 xyoo.

Npaj qhob qib M200 manufactured siv M400 MAAs zoo watertight, amorphous tiv thaiv feem ntau hom ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab yog tsis ntshai ntawm ntse kub ncos.

Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum yog tus muab tub lim

Lub proportions ntawm lub pob zeb ua rau lub qhov muag tsis pom thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum tau ntsib tas, tab sis nws yog Attendance tseem ceeb heev rau xaiv txoj cai muab tub lim rau lub sib tov. Qhov no lub caij nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog ib yam "qhov cuab lub zog" txais tag nrho cov sab hauv stresses. Raws li ib tug tub lim rau cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag tsis pom thaj chaw, nws yog tau tso cai rau siv gravel los yog crushed pob zeb. Koj muaj peev xwm hloov cov khoom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-qhov loj qhov me, yog koj nyiam crushed pob zeb.

Yuav ua li cas npaj cov xuab zeb

Durability nyob rau ib qhob mix nrog qhov zoo ntawm cov kev tivthaiv. Cov xuab zeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog ib qho zoo yuav coj ib tug loj dej. Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, lub sijhawm los tau tej khoom muaj tsis tag nrho cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev nyob. Yog hais tias tus dej xuab zeb mus yuav tsis, koj yuav tau hloov nws nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, ua ntej kneading ib tug sib tov ntawm xws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas yog yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau sifted los ntawm ib daim phiaj nrog 23 hli cell. Ua no txoj kev yog zoo dua nyob rau hauv cua hlob tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov xuab zeb cais xws li cov zoo tivthaiv (hmoov av).

ntxiv dej

Dilute lub pob zeb sib tov yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj hais tias nws yuav muag txaus mus ua hauj lwm thiab yuav nyiam nrog nws. Dej yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj rau qhov muag tsis pom sov cheeb tsam. Koj muaj peev xwm siv lub tiaj borehole los yog zoo. Pub rau kos dej los ntawm ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej tsav. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog tsim nyog los saib mus rau nws hais tias nws yog huv si.

Thaum kawg diluted tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob nrog kua nrog shovels. Tsis txhob ua rau cov sib tov heev tuab. Yog hais tias nws yuav vau los sticks mus rau lub duav thiab ntxuav tawm loj chunks ntawm nws tsis yooj yim, nws yuav tsum tau ib tug me ntsis diluted. Tom qab nws cov tshuaj zoo dej sib cais tsis yog cleaved.

Proportions rau pob zeb ua qhov muag tsis pom cheeb tsam: muab xam

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, rau qhov kev npaj ntawm high-zoo tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas xaiv tus haum cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj muaj txoj cai sib tov rau lawv. Lub proportions ntawm lub pob zeb ua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum xws li:

• Maas - Part 1;
• xuab zeb - 3 qhov chaw;
• macadam - 4 qhov chaw;
• Dej - 0.5 qhov chaw.

Yog li feem ntau txhais proportions rau pob zeb ua nyob rau hauv thoob qhov muag tsis pom thaj chaw. Rau ntau cov menyuam yog ib qho zoo yuav ua rau ib tug ntau khoom sib tov, ntxiv ib tug 1 lub thoob ntawm MAAs peb - crushed pob zeb los yog gravel. Thaum sau daim kab xev ib ncig ntawm lub outbuildings yuav, on qhov tsis tooj, txuag rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv los ntawm peb mus rau plaub qhov chaw xuab zeb.

Suav proportions rau pob zeb ua qhov muag tsis pom cheeb tsam yuav npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account nrog lub fact tias cov nroj tsuag rau qhov kev npaj ntawm 1 m ³ tshuaj qhab nia M200 coj 280 kg ntawm MAAs, 1.4 tons ntawm gravel, 840 kg ntawm cov xuab zeb. Tag nrho cov no yog lawm ua tus sau nrog 190 litres ntawm cov dej.

Pom zoo rau kneading

Yog li, peb pom seb zoo li cas kev faib ua feem ntawm lub pob zeb ua rau lub qhov muag tsis pom cheeb tsam yog lub feem ntau tsim. Tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, kom tau ib tug zoo kev daws nyob rau hauv lub qhov zis, nws yog tsim nyog kuj yuav zuaj zoo. Yuav kom npaj cov khoom rau filling cov qhov muag tsis pom thaj chaw no muaj nqis siv ib tug xis mas tov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav tau txais npaum li cas zoo zoo. Heev qhob tov khoom ua ntej pib ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug ca saum npoo. Cheebtsam backfilled therein nyob rau hauv ib theem zuj zus:

• MAAs;
• xuab zeb;
• rubble.

Tom qab cov khoom xyaw qhuav tov, dej yog ntxiv rau lub nruas. Tag nrho cov sij hawm ntawm kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawm cov khoom. Yuav yuam kom qhov kev txiav txim li no feem ntau 2-3 feeb, thiab khoom siv rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus - 5-6 feeb. Txo los yog ua rau kom qhov kev kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj lub sib tov yuav tig inhomogeneous, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - ib yam nkaus thiab qhuav.

Yog hais tias lub MAAs tov khoom nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag yog tsis tso cai rau ua ib tug tov rau lub qhov muag tsis pom thaj chaw manually. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov uas yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav coj kom zoo dua ntawm lub trough thiab motyzhkoy. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv npaj kuj thawj kom huv si sib tov tag nrho cov khoom xyaw qhuav. Ces, nyob rau hauv lub trough ntxiv yuav tsum tau npaum li cas ntawm cov dej. Thaum manually kneading cov tshuaj li tau yog tsoog naav kawmntawv hab zoo li thaum uas siv cov mixers. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus MAAs yuav tsum tau ntau dua.

Qhov ntawd yog txoj kev thiab ua vaj tse npaj rau lub qhov muag tsis pom thaj chaw. Lub proportions ntawm lub Cheebtsam ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ntsib raws nraim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub sib tov yuav tig yas, kev zoo siab thiab yuav ua hauj lwm seamlessly nrog nws. Tus heev tib yam qhov muag tsis pom cheeb tsam, uas rau nws siv, yuav tuaj tawm muaj zog, muaj tseeb thiab check.