Lub keeb kwm ntawm nkawm khau los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau lub hnub tam sim no

Keeb kwm ntawm nkawm khau muaj txog 30 txhiab xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, nws tau hloov ntau yeej thiab cov qauv, tab sis tseem nws tseem rau feem ntau tsim nyog thiab tseem ceeb tsab xov xwm ntawm cov khaub ncaws.

Nkawm khau ancient lub sij hawm

Thaum xaus ntawm zaum uas tau kawm thiab analyzed peb pom qhov seem ntawm txheej thaum ub cov neeg, cov qauv ntawm cov pob txha thiab ceg pob txha, tus thawj kuaj ntawm cov hiob khau nyob rau hauv lub lig Paleolithic nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm pib yuav hloov nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov taw ntawm lub ancient cov neeg: cov me ntiv tes pib kom txo tau nrog tus zoo ntawm ko taw, uas yog vim hnav nruj nkawm khau.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm nkawm khau muab dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, thiab raws li nyob rau hauv thawj txias SNAP ntawm lub ancient civilizations los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas, cov neeg pib mus hnav cov tawv ntawm cov tsiaj, thiab ob txhais ceg winding daim ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Rau rwb thaiv tsev txheej muab tso ntawm daim tawv nqaij qhuav tshuaj ntsuab siv raws li Anchorages bast los ntawm ntoo tawv ntoo.

Zaj dabneeg hauv lub khau nyob rau hauv kub tshaj lub teb chaws, xws li Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws, yog txuam nrog rau cov tshwm sim los ntawm khau khiab hais tias cov neeg coj qhws los tiv thaiv taw los ntawm lub kub xuab zeb, thiab cov chav lawv yeej ib txwm mus barefoot. Khau khiab sewn los ntawm papyrus los yog palm nplooj, khi mus rau lub ko taw nrog tawv straps. Nyob rau hauv lawv siv siv cov qauv uas cov tib yam rau ob leeg ob txhais ceg. Wealthier Egyptians coj qhws khau khiab nrog straps beautifully dai kom zoo nkauj. Lwm yam ntawm nrov nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt khau nyob ntawm excavation ntawm kev koom, yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau niaj hnub khau khiab nrog kaw ntiv taw xoo.

Nkawm khau nyob rau hauv Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws

Ntsia zoo li cov khau nyob rau hauv ancient Greece yuav raug txiav txim los ntawm murals depicting Greek gods: lawv rau khau khiab "krepidy", uas yog txuas mus rau txiav ceg yuav luag mus rau lub hauv caug. Raws li ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, nws yog tus thawj lub sij hawm Greeks pib xaws khau rau symmetrical qauv mus rau sab xis thiab sab laug ob txhais ceg.

Dhau li khau khiab, cov Greek cov poj niam twb nrov "endromidy" - siab khau looj plab hlaub nrog ib thiab sewn mus rau lub tawv uppers rau nws hais tias overtighten ntev lace pem hauv ntej, nrog ntiv taw peeking tawm. zam trendsetter twb Thais, leej twg yog tus tshaj plaws exquisite thiab richly decorated nkawm khau. Poj niam khau khiab, uas raug sab laug nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb inscription "Ua raws li kuv" twb nyob rau hauv Vogue cia li nyob hauv courtesans, kuj nyiam kawg thiab chaw "persikai" (khau looj plab hlaub, vuam txwv ntev).

Lwm hom khau - "buskins" rau ib tug siab platform - tau ua lub npe hu ua tsaug rau cov Greek actor uas coj qhws nws thaum lub sij hawm ua yeeb yam, yuav tsum tau pom thoob plaws hauv cov pej xeem.

Nkawm khau nyob rau hauv Ancient Rome

Ancient Roman Nkawm khau qhia tawm rau hauv kev sib raug zoo raws li txoj cai thiab pw ua ke:

• calceus - kaw khau nrog laces nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej coj qhws xwb plebeians;
• solea - khau khiab nrog straps, zoo ib yam li cov neeg Greek, cov neeg pluag Loos yuav tsuas siv ib pluaj, thiab cov nplua nuj patricians - 4;
• cov poj niam coj qhws xwb dawb khau, cov txiv neej - dub;
• Festive khau twb liab, thiab richly decorated nrog paj ntaub thiab lub pob zeb;
• tub rog cov khau uas Roman cov tub rog coj qhws, - muaj zog rau khau, nws qab xib taws tau ntsia, hu ua caligae;
• lam yuav hnav xwb khau khiab rau lub clothesline socci.

Muaj ntau yam uas nto moo ancient Ixayees, qhov chaw uas cov khau tau sewn heev zoo, siv ntaub plaub, tawv tsiaj, ntoo thiab pas nrig. Cov no yog cov khau thiab rau khau khiab, khau khiab thiab khau looj plab hlaub. Rau hauv av muaj drevneizrailskoy thiab khau rau siab heels nyob rau hauv lub kom ua qauv uas tau txuas mus rau lub heels zoo nkauj fwj naj hoom.

Scythian khau

Keeb kwm ntawm nkawm khau Scythian haiv neeg leej twg yog tus poj koob yawm txwv lub sab hnub tuaj Slavs, qhia tau hais tias lub feem ntau nrov ntawm lawv enjoyed siab mos tawv plab hlaub uas overtighten koj cov menyuam raws li ornaments siv multicolored ornaments, ua los ntawm rags. Lawv coj qhws khau looj plab hlaub rau sab saum toj ntawm lub felt stocking. Qhov saum ntawm lub plab hlaub tau sewn mosaic ntawm daim ntawm pluab, dawb lias felt thiab tawv. Ris ntsaws rau hauv khau looj plab hlaub hais rau showcase kev zoo nkauj ntawm nws yog nkawm khau.

Nkawm khau Scythian haiv neeg twb zoo xws li cov nyob rau hauv tsos rau khau looj plab hlaub hnav los ntawm sab qaum teb neeg nyob rau hauv Russia. Poj niam lub plab hlaub twb tsis raws li high school, tab sis ua los ntawm liab tawv, lawv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv, nyob lub hlws ris ntawm lub taub hau thiab tus ncej yog sewn liab woolen band nrog tawv Applique.

Tus ntau thawj feature ntawm Scythian khau - ornate qab xib khau looj plab hlaub, embroidered nrog cov hlaws dai, dawb lias xov ntawm lub txog leeg. Ib tug zoo xws li cov qauv muaj ib kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv Neeg Esxias steppe haiv neeg uas muaj cov kev cai txog txoj kev zaum hla ob txhais ceg, tuav lub pob taws sab nrauv.

Nkawm khau nyob rau hauv Medieval cov teb chaws Europe

European khau keeb kwm tau cim los ntawm txoj kev zam ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog rau tufli- "CRAKOW" nrog upturned ntswg uas tau ntev ua luaj li thiab thiaj li richly decorated nrog neeb hais tias lawv yuav tsum tau muab khi rau tus ceg, yuav tsum tau mus taug kev nquag. Tej nkawm khau nyob rau hauv lub 14th pua, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm noble tsev neeg tau yuav tsum tau hnav los ntawm tsim tej kev cai ntawm tus huab tais ntawm Fabkis Philip 4.

Xyoo pua 15th coj ib tug tshiab kev zam ntawm nkawm khau: shoemakers pib xaws xwb blunt qauv, thiab nrog rau cov expansion thiab nce ntawm tus hneev, tom qab tau ua nqaim. Twb tau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 16th caug xyoo. nkawm khau yuav tsum tau khi rau ob txhais ceg nyob rau theem ntawm rov qab. Thaum lub sij hawm no muaj cov siab heels, trimmed nrog tawv, raws li zoo raws li, vim cov mus yos hav zoov mob siab rau, nyob rau hauv zam khau looj plab hlaub nrog heev saum - "khau looj plab hlaub" uas nyiam thaum caij rau nees.

Zam khau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th yog tus txiv neej: nws yog cov txiv neej uas yuav qhia tawm cov tshiab liab khau nrog heels, thiab cov poj niam khiav nkaum lawv cov khau nyob rau hauv lub muag muag daim tiab, thiab yeej tsis tau pom dua.

Nws yog tsuas txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th., Thaum nws los ua fashionable luv luv tiab, cov poj niam tau mus qhia nws kiv cua graceful txhob lo lo ntxhuav, brocade thiab velvet khau nrog me me luj taws. Rich tej coj qhws nkawm khau, richly embroidered thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub pob zeb.

Baroque thiab Rococo cim los ntawm cov flowering ntawm luxurious ballroom nkawm khau, richly decorated nrog bows, hlaws dai, ribbons. Cov qauv rau lawv tus kheej tau ua los ntawm kim fabrics thiab tawv ntawm ntau yam xim (xim liab, daj, xiav, thiab lwm yam). Yuav kom kho cov txiv neej lub jackboot thiab rau lub yooj yim ntawm caij lawv ntxiv spur.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 18th caug xyoo, lub Enlightenment coj qhov chaw ntaub khau ntau tswv yim tawv plab hlaub uas tau hnav nrog Library, ob qho tib si cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej. Xis nkawm khau muaj buckles los yog laces, ib tug me me luj, ib khob, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog plaub lub caij ntuj no qauv.

ntoo khau

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, ntoo raws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas rau kev tsim khau siv tsis tshua vim hais tias nws suav hais tias heev tsis paub thiab snare. Lub tsuas kos yog zus tau tej cov txhais qab xib rau khau khiab, uas nyob rau hauv ancient Rome twb khi rau tus ceg ntawm tej ntaub thiab hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv cov neeg raug kaw ob txhais ceg, kom lawv tsis txhob khiav.

Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv 16-18 centuries nyob rau hauv Vogue ntoo "txhaws" (los yog clogs) nrog tuab qab xib taws, uas yog fastened mus rau lub hlau hoop ceg. Muaj nplua nwj cov poj niam coj qhws lawv, thiaj li tsis tau qias neeg tej av nkos tom tej kev. Cov neeg pluag peasants nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm tau overshoes ntoo hauv qab thiab tawv sab sauv, uas yog yooj yim mus rau lub roob.

Feem ntau cov nrov txhaws thiab galoshes yuav nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands thiab sab qaum teb Fabkis vim hais tias ntawm lub dag lub zog thiab amenities nyob rau hauv ib tug khau koj yuav mus kev raws wetland chaw uas tsis muaj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntub ob txhais taw. Ua los ntawm nws cov ntoo, uas tsis tawg :. Poplar, willow, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv 1570 lub guild ntawm shoemakers, specializing nyob rau hauv cov kev siv thiab txhaws tau tsim, ib tug ntoo khau tseem hnav ib co Dutch teb thaum lub sij hawm teb ua hauj lwm.

Ntoo nkawm khau thiab tom qab ntawd los ua nrov nyob rau hauv ces, qhov uas lawv tau hnav los ntawm peasants li xws li nkawm khau, uas thaum lub sij hawm cov hnub caiv hloov tawv khau looj plab hlaub.

Nkawm khau rau cov tub rog

Roman cov tub rog pib siv khau khiab li khau vim lub fact tias lawv yuav tsum tau taug kev deb tshaj ntxhib struts. Tub rog khau khiab twb siv tam straps, rau tes. Tom qab ntawd lawv pib siv cov khau uas yog stringing raws sab saum toj ntawm lub tibia, thiab rau hniav ntsiab yuav tsum tau txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv thiab cov qib ntawm cov peeb zeej.

Txij ancient sij hawm, cov tub rog coj qhws khau looj plab hlaub, feem ntau yog liab, vim hais tias lawv tsis tau pom cov ntshav thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua los yog ntshav hlwv tom qab qoj ib ce. Tom qab ntawd, nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov khaub ncaws, cov tub rog khau looj plab hlaub pib tsim dub. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, lub plab hlaub los ua nrov tom qab invasion ntawm lub tub rog ntawm lub steppe nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm lub tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov neeg, lawv pib los nqa tsis tau tsuas yog lub cavalry, tab sis ranchers.

Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, thaum knights khaub ncaws muaj hlau armor, kuj ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab nkawm thom khwm knightly nkawm khau (sabatons). Mob ntiv taw phaj nyob rau ntawm xws li ib tug khau raj tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug ntxiv lub cuab tam rau cov tub rog: lawv muaj peev xwm yuav cov mus ntaus tus yeeb ncuab. Sabatons tom qab pib mus ua ib tug puag ncig ntiv taw xoo, lawv raug hu ua "os taw".

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub British pab tub rog pib xaws rau lawv pab tub rog siab khau looj plab hlaub nrog txiav, nicknamed "blyuhersami". Raws li Legend, cov khau looj plab hlaub hnav los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub Army Blucher thaum lub sij hawm lub Napoleonic Wars. Lawv muaj raws li ib tug tub rog khau rau ntau xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no European lub xeev tau nruab tub rog "trench khau" nyob rau lub ruaj ib ua los ntawm tuab tawv. Pib los ntawm 1941, lub US Army siv tawv khau nrog laces rau ib tug hluavtaws ib.

Khau nyob rau hauv Russia

Lub keeb kwm ntawm khau nyob rau hauv ancient Rus 'pib nrog rau feem ntau ntau, lov tsis tau tsuas yog cov tswv teb, tab sis kuj rau lub nroog pluag - nws tus khau khiab. Tej khau tau muaj xwb nyob rau hauv Russia, cov ntaub ntawv uas rau nws tau siv thiab tau txais kev pab birch ntoo (linden, willow, ntoo qhib, thiab lwm yam). Rau ib tug khub ntawm bast khau yuav tsum tau sawb tsob ntoo ntawm 3-4.

Muaj bast bast txhua hnub thiab festive, ntau elegant: liab los yog liab. Rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no khau khiab Stela straw thiab hauv qab hemming hlua ua los ntawm hemp. Los ntawm lawv txhais ceg fastened Equi (nqaim straps tawv) los yog mochentsami (hemp ropes). Ib tug khub ntawm cov neeg pluag bast txaus rau 4-10 hnub, tab sis lawv twb pheej yig.

Lub hiob Lavxias teb sab-tawv khau - pistons, mos khau ntawm tag nrho cov daim tawv yog sau ua ke rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub pluaj. Feem ntau cov nrov nyob rau hauv Russia lub sij hawm, peb mas yuav kis tau lub plab hlaub, uas raug xaws tib yam rau txiv neej thiab cov poj niam. Tawv plab hlaub nyob rau hauv Russia vim lub incursions ntawm nomadic Neeg Esxias pab pawg neeg. Lawv ua los ntawm tawv thiab shoemaking masters uas nws tus kheej npaj thiab rawhide. Soles tau ua los ntawm ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cowhide los ntawm nws, lub sij hawm, pib ua heels.

Pob Luj Taws khau looj plab hlaub ancient txiav obliquely li hais tias cov pem hauv ntej ib feem yog siab tshaj lub rear. Lawv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm dub tawv thiab cov hnub caiv Morocco khau looj plab hlaub raug ua los ntawm liab, ntsuab, xiav daim tawv nqaij, uas tseg tau nws nrog hnav khaub ncaws. Cov khau looj plab hlaub tau ua nyob rau hauv Russia, ua ntej ntawm mas cov khoom, thiab ces los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th., Morocco steel ua tsob nroj nyob rau hauv Moscow Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Morocco khau looj plab hlaub raug ua los ntawm tawv ntawm tshis, uas yog tshwj xeeb uas soaked rau 2 lub lis piam nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj khib thiab ces ua tib zoo polished pob zeb kom tau ib tug ci iab nto. Tsuas nrog aniline dyes feem ntau ntxiv daim tawv nqaij tau muab ib tug tshwj xeeb cov qauv (sharkskin).

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. muaj ib tug ib txwm Lavxias teb sab felt khau looj plab hlaub: plab hlaub thiab rods, uas yog ua los ntawm ntaub plaub. Lawv cov nqi yog high school vim lub complexity ntawm kev siv thiab ua, li ntawd, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg muaj ib tug khub ntawm khau looj plab hlaub, uas yog hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv lem.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th. Russia lub cobblers tau nicknamed "saum" vim lub fact tias lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub suburbs (khau khw tau nyob rau hauv lub Marina Roshcha), thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug leeg hma.

19-20 xyoo pua thiab rov tshwm sim ntawm tus khau kev lag luam

Tus thawj guild thiab khau khw nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm feudalism, tab sis, ces txawm tau pib ua nkawm khau muaj me me ntawm kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm tawm zoo thiab tsos ntawm cov khoom.

Nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance, los ua raws li manufactory, thaum nkawm khau tau pib ua nyob rau hauv ua sawv, tab sis txhua tus khub yog tseem ua los ntawm ib tug neeg txiav txim. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. los hloov lub velvet khau tuaj ntau cov tswv yim thiab xis tawv khau thiab plab hlaub.

Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, loj zus tau tej cov khau pib nrog cov configuration ntawm cov ko taw, thiab nkauj nraug lub khub ntawm asymmetry nyob rau hauv sab laug-sab xis. Khau kev lag luam yog ua ntau mechanized, muaj khau Hoobkas, qhov twg kev ceev zog yog hloov los ntawm cov cav tov. Los ntawm thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. siv thiab ua cov khau khoom hlob mus rau 500 officers rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm, thiab los ntawm nruab nrab - mus rau 3 txhiab officers ..

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th khau pib mus ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm poj niam duab: raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub shortening ntawm daim tiab poj niam twb tau mus qhia lawv zoo nkauj ob txhais ceg thiab elegant nkawm khau los sis plab hlaub, dua nyob rau hauv Vogue poj niam khau khiab. Nyob ntawm seb cov huab cua thiab lo lus uas peb coj qhws khau ua los ntawm tawv, satin, suede los yog txhob lo lo ntxhuav, thiab nkawm khau tau kawm paub ua tsis yog tsuas yog lace, tab sis kuj nrog kev siv ntawm hooks thiab cov nyees khawm.

Nyob rau hauv 1930 zam khau pib hloov: muaj platforms thiab wedgies. Thaum lub sij hawm no, pib tawm designers S. Ferragamo S. thiab Arpad, uas ua hauj lwm koom nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm advanced qauv thiab tuaj mus nrog tshiab yeej. Thaum lub sij hawm, nkawm khau thiab plab hlaub yog pib ua tsis tau tsuas yog ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kuj siv ntaub thiab ntoo, roj hmab rau qhov siv thiab ua "bot".

Pib xyoo 1950 cim tsos khoom tshiab - ib tug me me luj-hairpin thiab yeej tsis muaj heels npaj rau kab ntsab thaum lub sij hawm seev cev (pob zeb thiab Yob thiab al.). Kuv tseem tsis tu tsis tseg sib cav tswv yim li uas yog tus progenitor ntawm pins: Fabkis Robert Vivier, R. Massaro los yog Italian
S. Ferragamo.

Khau Hoobkas thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau ua hauj lwm nrog zoo kawg hwj chim, nyob qhov twg tus txheej txheem yog siab siv thiab tswj los ntawm software. Lawv ua txhiab ntawm officers ntawm zam khau txhua lub hlis, uas yog, ob yam thiab hluavtaws cov ntaub ntawv.

Zam khau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st

Xyoo pua 21st - lub sij hawm ntawm tas mus li txoj kev txhim kho khau (tu ncua invented thiab manufactured tshiab tas, yeej, thiab insoles), thiab cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws qhov muag. Nkawm khau tam sim no yuav muas raws li ib tug me me boutique, ib tug loj tsev loj, thiab los ntawm hauv Internet.

Ib phau ntawm qhov tseeb qauv yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub podium nyob rau hauv txhua txhua lub caij ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lub teb chaws thiab lub zoo-paub designer, qhov twg muaj lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij ntuj no, thiab demi thiab yav tsaus ntuj nkawm khau. Niaj hnub nimno khau - qhov no ntau yam ntawm yeej thiab cov qauv, uas tau nrov thiab ntau centuries dhau los, thiab tshwm sim tsis ntev los no: nws tus khau khiab, thiab khau looj plab hlaub, khau, loafers, clogs, khau looj plab hlaub, khau thiab ntau lwm yam ntau haiv neeg hom. Niaj hnub nimno designers thiab manufacturers yog nruab nrog qhov tseeb technology, yuav yooj yim txhais lawv cov tswv yim rau hauv kev muaj tiag.