Logistics Systems - Fundamentals ntawm Logistics yog ...

Lub sij hawm "logistics" nyob rau hauv Greek logistike txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus tshaj kos duab rau ntawm kev xav, los xam. Thov cov tswvyim no pib nyob rau hauv lub 6 xyoo pua. Qhov no yog evidenced los ntawm treatises piav txog cov kos duab ua tsov ua rog thaum lub sij hawm. Txoj hauj lwm logistician muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub Byzantine huab tais. Nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau qee ntawm cov purchase mus rau lub rooj ntawm khoom noj khoom haus.

Muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm logistics Napoleon. Nws siv lawv los coj nws pab tub rog.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lub sij hawm "logistics" nyob xwb nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. Cov tswvyim no twb qhia los ntawm qhov Fabkis cov tub rog kws muaj txuj Antuanom Zhomini.

Cov yooj yim lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm

Logistics - qhov no yog ib feem ntawm nyiaj txiag science. Cov kev kawm ntawm tus saib xyuas yog cov koom haum ntawm lub ntau npaum txheej txheem, nce qib ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam originating los ntawm tus tsim rau cov neeg siv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, logistics - yog ib tug qhuab qhia, daim ntawv thov ntawm cov uas yog tsim nyog rau zoo cov lus nug tswj los ntawm cov khoom, raws li zoo raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv nce qib mus rau lub buyer. Suav no science thiab cov creation ntawm qhov tsim nyog infrastructure kom tau raws li tej kev cov nyom.

Ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov kev tswj ntawm tej lub koom haum Logistics - nws yog tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li lub tswv yim kev tswj ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas tsev los ntawm lub purchase txheej txheem, xaus qhov muag thiab cia ntawm cov khoom, technology thiab thiaj li nyob tau xav txog lub tswvyim yog siv lub tswj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab nyiaj txiag kev pab ntawm lub enterprise ...

Lub tswvyim ntawm logistics system

Lub Encyclopaedia tau mus nrhiav tau ib tug txhais ntawm lub teeb ntawm hais tias, thaum nyob rau hauv tej yam kev sib txuas nrog txhua lwm yam daim ntawv ib tug tej yam kev sib sau. Nws yog ib lub system.

Siv cov tswvyim no thiab peb yuav xav tias yuav science. Tsis tas li ntawd, logistic systems - ib lub sij hawm uas yog lub hauv paus rau qhov kev qhuab qhia. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv cov creation yog los txo cov nqi los yog txuag lawv mus rau ib tug tej theem nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tus me nyuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev pab los yog cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov yam ntau yam thiab kom muaj nuj nqis mus rau qhov chaw teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau cov buyer.

Ntsiab zog

Logistics Systems - yog economic khoom, uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm compatibility ntawm hais, xws li:

• plurality ntawm txawv units uas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog txhua lwm yam;
• tej kev mus uas muaj feem xyuam ib zoo;
• systemically tseem ceeb tshaj txoj kev ua rau kom sib raug zoo;
• integrative qualities ntawm tag nrho cov system, tab sis tsis yog hais rau nws cov neeg units.

Hais ntawm zus tau tej cov tsheb thauj mus los tshuab

Raws li thoob ntiaj teb xyaum, economists unequivocally xaus uas tej ntsiab cai ntawm logistics yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub cev kab yuav tsum tau rau lub qub kev loj hlob ntawm lub enterprise. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tej kev loj hlob - ua lub efficiency ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas, ua hauj lwm thiab nyiaj txiag kev pab, raws li zoo raws li cov kev tswj ntawm ntau.

Hais ntawm logistics system yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Lawv muaj xws li:

• cov ntaub ntawv uas txhais tau tias tsim nyog rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom (loading thiab unloading mechanisms, TC, warehouses);
• khoom kias;
• departments rau tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm cov mov saw tswj.

Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nce qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus ua thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam ntawm cov neeg txawj cov neeg ua, uas siv cov khoom siv tes, ib tug ntau yam kev kawm, thiab hais txog. D.

Lub tswvyim ntawm logistics system yog tsis tau tsis muaj ib tug coherent thiab harmonious lag luam ntawm nws cov units, uas ua ke muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom, namely:

1. kev ntseeg siab thiab chlenimostyu. Tej system, xws li logistics, xam tau tias yog raws li ib tug txheej ntawm interacting ntsiab. Thaum lub macro theem nws yog hais txog mus rau lub tuam txhab thiab tsiv tsheb nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Ib tug xav paub ntau dua kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub logistics system - ib tug sau ntawm xws subsystems li:

• purchasing, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub logistic system khiav cov ntaub ntawv uas kwj;
• npaj thiab ntxiv cov kev tswj ntawm dab ntau lawm uas yuav coj muab stocks thiab nyiaj tso ncaj lawv mus ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev siv technology tshiab ua hauj lwm, transforming lub kawm ntawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kawg khoom;
• marketing kwv uas yog ib tug outflow ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ntws los ntawm lub logistics system.

Tag nrho cov ntsiab sib txawv zoo, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tshaj txhua lwm yam. Lawv zuag qhia tag nrho kev kawm thiab kom cov hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov logistics system.

2. Kev sib txuas lus. Lawv yog cov muaj ntawm tag nrho cov logistical ntsiab ntawm lub cev, defining nws integrative zoo. Thaum lub macro theem li kev sib raug zoo ua daim ntawv cog lus. Nyob rau hauv mikrologicheskih systems yog lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau lawm.

3. Organization. Qhov no vaj tse ntawm lub logistics system muab nws ib tug txiav txim.

4. integrative zoo. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse muaj feem xyuam rau cov efficiency ntawm lub logistics system raws li ib tug tag nrho. Integrative zoo yog cov muaj peev xwm xa cov yuav tsum tau cov khoom rau cov buyer ntawm txoj cai qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm nrog tsawg heev dag zog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no feature tso cai rau koj kom pab tau tus system nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob.

kev faib

Yuav ua li cas yog cov hom ntawm logistics systems? Lawv muab faib ua tsheb thauj mus los thiab Khoom, raug thiab raws li txoj cai, cov neeg ua, ntaub ntawv, thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Tag nrho ntawm lawv yuav mus rau ob lub ntsiab pawg, uas yog cov macro thiab micrologistical. Cov no yog cov ntsiab logistical systems. Cia peb xav txog txhua yam uas lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.

macrologistical system

Nws yog ib tug loj saw links, uas npog lub koom haum kev lag luam, cov lag luam tawm thiab thauj, nyob tog twg los nyob txawv teb chaws los yog nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev. Makrologicheskuyu muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab intermediary tuam txab. Tag nrho cov chav nyob ua ke tshwm sim tawm lub economic infrastructure ntawm lub cheeb tsam, ib tug neeg lub xeev los yog pab pawg neeg ntawm lub teb chaws.

Tsim ib tug transnational theem makrologicheskoy system yog heev lo qhia. Nws yog tsim nyog los mus kov yeej cov teeb meem uas yog txuam nrog rau cov nyiaj txiag thiab kev cai lij choj yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam lub xeev. Raws li nrog rau ntau ntau lwm yam teeb meem ces yuav tsum zoo xws li cov logistics systems. Qhov no tsis zoo tib cov nqe lus ntawm tus me nyuam los ntawm cov khoom, thiab ntau yam kev thauj cai thiab lwm yam teeb meem.

Tsim macrologistical system raws li ib feem ntawm thoob ntiaj teb cov kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau kom tus tsim ntawm lub PatientsÕ theem, ib kev ua lag luam thiab nyiaj txiag qhov chaw uas muaj tsis muaj nrog ciam teb rau lwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom, ua zog, capital thiab cov lus qhia, yuav tsum muaj tsis muaj kev lis kev cai tej.

Hom ntawm macro logistics systems yog txwv kom muab zais los ntawm cov nram qab no nta:

• rau tus thawj tswj-hwv division ntawm lub teb chaws;
• ntawm subjective functionality.

Nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe tus xyaum yog feem ntau siv xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug ntiaj teb no macrologistical system. Tej zaum yuav lub xeev (e.g., Translational) system. Nws tsim yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws theem. Ntiaj teb no hu thiab lub xeev system, yuav tsum vov ob peb lub xeev. Nyob rau tib lub tswvyim xws li cov transcontinental saw, ua tau hauj lwm tsis pub dhau rau ib thaj tsam ntawm ob peb continents.

Raws li cov uas twb muaj lawm kev sib raug zoo macrologistical systems raug muab faib ua peb hom. Yog li ntawd, tej zaum lawv yuav muaj:

• ncaj kev sib txuas lus, thaum cov khoom flow yog tsiv ncaj qha los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm cov khoom mus txog thaum kawg tus neeg;
• tsawg kawg yog ib intermediary (xws logistical tshuab xa nyob rau hauv tsis);
• kev mus kev twb kev txuas los yog los ntawm ib tug intermediary kom xa cov khoom (saj zawg zog logistics system).

micrologistical system

Qhov no zoo ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus thov nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam lub tuam txhab. Tus aim yog rau optimize cov saw micrologistical txav kev pab nyob rau hauv lub ntau lawm, mov, thiab marketing.

Logistics enterprise system yuav tsum tau txiav rau lub tuam txhab hom phiaj xaiv yaam thiab daws tau cov teeb meem ntawm optimizing nws tau hauj lwm. Tej uas npog lub Scope ntawm txhua kev lub tuam txhab. Nyob rau tib lub logistics lawv muab ib cov tshuaj rau hauv lub internal koom haum ntawm teeb meem hais txog lub zog ntawm cov khoom txaus.

Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws muaj nws tus kheej cais. Hom ntawm micro logistics systems raug muab faib mus rau hauv:

• -internal (puab);
• lwm;
• kev.

Logistic nrog saib ntawm lub enterprise system yog tsim los rau optimize cov kev tswj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsev nyob rau hauv lub hauj voj voog ntawm ib tug ntau lawm. Nws lub ntsiab hom phiaj cov lus nug txo khoom kias ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev kawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas cov kev pab, raws li zoo raws li txo lub sij hawm ntawm turnover ntawm ua hauj lwm capital ntawm lub tuam txhab. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, lub tuam txhab logistics system yuav tsum tswj thiab tswj rau theem ntawm kev cov ntaub ntawv uas cov kev pab thiab optimize cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thauj mus los. Cov kev vam meej tov ntawm qhov teeb meem no yuav ua rau tsawg heev lawm cov nqi thiab ua rau kom tsim tau, thaum tswj yuav tsum tau tsis zoo ntawm cov tas khoom.

Logistics tshuab tsos tsim kom daws tau qhov teeb meem txuam nrog rau optimization thiab cov kev tswj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab txuam txaus los ntawm cov chaw muag khoom rau lub buyer. Tej zog yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw sab nraum ntawm lub hauj voj voog ntawm lub enterprise.

Lub ntsiab hais tias ua li tus sab nraud logistics system, qhov no logistics thiab tis network, muab lub zog ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov manufacturers 'warehouses mus rau qhov kawg neeg. Cov no muaj xws ob leeg nyob rau ib lub tsheb thauj mus los, Khoom, thiab hais txog. D. Chav, thiab tsa lub koom haum ua tau zoo rau carriage ntawm cov khoom. Lub ntsiab yam uas yog tsim nyob rau lwm logistics systems yog nyob rau hauv tsheb tswj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsev, raws li zoo raws li optimization ntawm tag nrho cov nqi thiab txo tus me nyuam lub sij hawm.

Niaj hnub nimno ua lag ua luam tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau ib tug kiag li txawv mus kom ze rau cov qib ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus. Thiab qhov no mus rau cov kev pab ntawm kev logistics system. Lawv yog raws li nyob rau txuas ntawm kev cai thiab txoj kev tshiab xaiv yaam tsheb tswj schemes. Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb no ua tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm logistics units dua cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus rau muab qhia ntaub ntawv thiab lub computer platform.

Qhov no ntaub ntawv tus xaiv yaam txoj system. Integrated logistics tswj enables tuam txhab uas muag heev kom tus nqi ntawm turnover ntawm cov cuab tam, txo cov lus nug thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev pab kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg muas zaub nyob rau hauv lub high-quality khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam. Txuas lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm managers, tag nrho nws cov ua lag ua luam rau lwm, raws li zoo raws li logistics cov neeg koom tes, peb yuav ua tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lag luam.

Lub koom haum ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom tsev

Tswj nyob rau hauv logistics systems muaj tej yam ntxwv. Nws muaj xws li xws lug li yuav khoom thiab manufacturing, thauj, thiab muab faib rau cov lus qhia. Cia peb xav txog txhua yam uas lawv nyob rau hauv kom meej.

ceev logistics teeb meem solved nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tus me nyuam rau tus nroj raw cov ntaub ntawv. Rau ntawm no theem xaiv thiab kawm distributors, kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus, raws li tau zoo raws li lawv tom ntej tiav tswj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua txhaum cai ntawm qhov kev pom zoo cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus me nyuam uas tsim nyog ntsuas yog npaum li cas.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug logistics system los daws kom tau tej teeb meem, muaj peev xwm yuav pom nyob rau hauv txhua txhua enterprise. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub tuam txhab, muaj cov mov cov kev pab cuam uas muab thiab tag nrho cov saum toj no tso cai.

Tom ntej no yog cov kev tswj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ntws nyob rau hauv lub enterprise. Hais tias yog, qhov twg yog qhov zoo los yog cov kev pab yog muab. Rau ntawm no theem ntawm nws cov kev pab raws qib kev los daws tau lawm logistics. Cov tseem ntawm cov qauv no yog tias tag nrho cov uas duav txhua yam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txaus yog ua nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub enterprise. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov neeg logistic schemes tsis nkag mus rau hauv ib tug kev sib raug zoo tovarodenezhnye. Yog li, cov khiav cov lus tsa suab yog tsis ua ntawv cog lus. Nws txav raws li kev txiav txim uas tau npaum li cas ntawm cov enterprise kev pab tswj. Tseem, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm ntau lawm logistics yog zoo txog rau lub ceev txheej txheem thiab qhov ntxiv faib ntawm cov khoom tiav.

Lub tswvyim ntawm logistics system muaj xws li cov kev faib thiab tiav zog. Cov kev pab raws qib yaum on tsis tau tsuas yog raug cov nroj tsuag tab sis kuj cov koom haum muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm thiab brokering. Rau ntawm no theem nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm logistics circuits yog muab rau thiab lub hwj chim qauv raws li lub tsev muaj nuj nqi muaj feem xyuam rau kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li, nws yog hais txog mus rau lub koom haum ntawm lub system, soj ntsuam txog cov tis ntawm cov khoom noj. Nyob rau qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus logistics qauv thim mloog mus rau cov theem thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv ntau lawm site. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, nyob rau cov teeb meem ntawm lub ntim thiab ntim, lub sij hawm, ntau lawm ntim, thiab hais txog. D.

Tom ntej no, logistics systems, tswj yog kis mus rau cov thauj seem. Muaj solved cov lus nug ntawm qhov ntxiv zog ntawm cov khoom txaus. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav mus rau tus kheej kev thauj logistics. Ib yam li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm yam kev mus ntawm lub saw, muaj yog tsis muaj kom meej meej tseg ib thaj tsam. Txoj kev kev thauj logistics yog siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm Workers txhua yam ntawm tsheb thauj mus los.

Cov ntaub ntawv logistics

Yuav ua li cas txiav txim lub zog ntawm cov khoom tsev? Successful kev siv ntawm qhov teeb meem no tau tsuas yog qhov muaj yog zoo tsim logistic ntaub ntawv systems. Hais tias lawv tso cai rau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum kawg nqa los ntawm cov kev tswj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsev.

Logistics ntaub ntawv systems siv microprocessor technology, niaj hnub siv technology thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias kom daws tau qhov teeb meem. Qhov no cheeb tsam yog zoo txuas nrog tag nrho cov lwm yam uas tswj thiab tswj lub zog ntawm cov khoom flows. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv no yog sib pauv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub enterprise nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj ntawm cov neeg koom tes nyob ntawm txhua lwm yam tshaj ntev ncua kev.

Analysis ntawm lub logistics system

Leej twg npaj zog ntawm cov khoom flows pib nrog ib tug saib xyuas ntawm lub tam sim no qhov teeb meem no thiab muab nws ib tug tsim nyog kev soj ntsuam. Ua li no, kev tsom xam ntawm lub logistics system. Nws yog tsim nyog los tshawb txog qhov sab nraud ib puag ncig, thiab kev ua lag luam kev luj xyuas cov neeg sib tw, thiab kev txiav txim rau tus yam ntxwv zog ntawm txhua tus ntawm qhov cov kev mus ntawm lub saw tsim.

Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb cov logistics system, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov txiav txim seb nws muaj lub reserves los txhim kho. Tom ntej no mus saib tau cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau rau lub hom phiaj thiab tseem ceeb heev los saib xyuas cov txheej txheem efficiency ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus. Nyob rau hauv xaus, tsom xam txiav txim cov kev xaiv uas hloov lub logistics system los pab txhawb cov creation ntawm lub feem ntau tsim nyog tswvyim.