Lithography - ib txoj kev luam ntawv ...

Lithography yog ib tug printing txoj kev nyob rau hauv uas qhov print qauv ntawm daim ntawv npaj los mus hloov number case txheej nyob rau hauv siab los ntawm lub printing phaj rau ib daim ntawv cab kuj. Qhov no printing txoj kev hais txog cov ancient kos duab, nws yog invented nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Munich. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lithography - ib tug txheej txheem raws li cov kev thaiv kev rog-muaj tshuaj thiab dej. Lub hauv paus rau lub printing daim ntawv yog qhia tshwj xeeb uas ua pob zeb nrog du nto, muaj raws ntawm ib tug homogeneous limestone. Ua ntej kos duab yog tsim, lub resulting lithographic txoj kev, lub nram qab no cov kauj ruam yuav tsum tau ua:

- nyob rau polished nto ntawm lub pob zeb lithographic qauv yog thov number case los yog ib tug tshwj xeeb mem hluav, muaj ib tug rog;

- Daim Duab tshwm sim los etched tshwj xeeb sib tov ntawm nitric acid nrog dextrin;

- tom qab nto hnav khaub ncaws pob zeb tau coj dej thaum thawb tus number case nrog ib tug high school cov concentration ntawm roj;

- nyob rau hauv xaus nqus tshwj xeeb ntxuav tincture muaj siab ntau ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.

cov kev pab cuam lithography

Yog li, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim hais tias tus duab nyob thaum nws twb muab kev koom tes rau hauv lub printing txoj kev siv physico-tshuaj ntawm cov khoom. Lithography yog feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog lub engraving, tab sis nws yog txawv kiag li txoj kev kos. Engraving yog ib qho imprint nrog ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas npaj cov ntaub ntawv. Tej qauv rau cov ntoo - tus ntawd yog tus engraving, lithography tsis yuav tsum tau tej yam ua ntej lub dag zog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib yam tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug luam qauv ntawm daim ntawv tshwm. Cov tau txais cov duab yuav replicated ntau lub sij hawm. Manufactured los ntawm lithography qauv yuav ua tau ib zaug xwb, tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv nws zoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lithography muaj undeniable zoo. Masters, pheej siv lithography txheej txheem nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, nco ntsoov tias lub lithography - nws kuj yog ib tug kuj pheej yig txoj kev luam ntawv. Faib raws li nram no cov kev pab cuam:

- nyob rau hauv kos duab tsim txoj kev yuav dawb do hloov, hloov cov zajlus txawv, ntxiv khoom tshiab;

- pob zeb tuaj pwm yuav siv tau dua, tom qab sib tsoo ib tug nws dua;

- tsis zoo li engraving txoj kev tso cai rau kom tsim xim dluab, rau txhua lub xim qauv yog thov cais lub pob zeb;

- cov txheej txheem raws txheeb ze yooj yim ntawm kev ua tau zoo.

Printing dluab

Yog li ntawd hais tias cov duab yog tseeb, nrog rau cov leej, tsis qhov muag plooj ntsej muag, lithographic pob zeb yuav tsum yuav ruaj rau ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuab. Chiv muab nqus ntxuav, tom qab uas lub hauv paus yog thov pre-moistened tshwj xeeb xim, uas yog ua los ntawm cov kua roj vanish. Ntxeem tau daim ntawv luam nruj nreem rau lub tseev them nrog number case pob zeb, ces dov rau sab saum toj ntawm lub tshuab cov menyuam. Cov no yog ib cov duab qauv coated monochromatic xim.

Yuav ua li cas yog oleography

Txoj kev xim printing los ntawm cov sau rau ntawm lub pob zeb hu ua oleograph. Lub tshuab yog tsis ntau sib txawv ntawm cov pa lithography, yog raws nraim tib yam set ntawm kev ua raws li tiaj printing. Lub prints rau ntawm daim ntawv ntawm txhua lub xim yog ua nyob rau hauv ib theem zuj zus los ntawm lub teeb rau tsaus ntuj nti tones. Rau txhua xim ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib npaj lithographic pob zeb. Printing ntawm txhua lub xim yog thov qho rau ib daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv sau khw rau cov tsim thiab patterning rau ntawm daim ntawv raws li cov artist, nws yog koom nyob rau hauv kev ntawm cov pob zeb journeyman.

ntau ntau yam lithography

Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub ntiaj teb no lithography - nws yog ib tug es txoj kev ntawm txoj kev ua ib tug tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob circuits thiab cov dluab nrog nanometer daws teeb meem. Muaj yog kho qhov muag, electron thiab X-ray lithography. X-ray lithography yog ib tug niaj hnub txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas ib tug beam ntawm X-rays dhau los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb preform uas exhibits zoo cov ntsiab lus qauv rau ib tug tshwj xeeb substrate. Kho qhov muag lithography yog siv thaum nws yuav tsim nyog mus rau cov hloov tus qauv los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob Circuit Court qauv rau ib tug substrate ntawm semiconductor.

Electron lithography - ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas ib tug focused electron nqaj allocates qhov tsim nyog paub meej txog cov tswvyim los yog nqus ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb photosensitive neeg.

Yuav ua li cas yog autography

Kos npe yog ib tug niaj hnub printing txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas cov artist tsis duab rau cov lithographic pob zeb, thiab nyob rau tshwj xeeb hloov ntawv. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no kos duab yog txiav pauv mus rau lub pob zeb. Ntxias menyuam twb soj ntsuam, no txoj kev ntawm lithography. Lub ntsiab zoo yog cov tau kos npe sketches los ntawm cov xwm. Ua cov duab los ntawm lub hloov lwm lub tsev ntawv, cov artist tau ua ib tug ntshiab duab uas tsis muaj daim iav nyhuv.

Lithography nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem tau ua siv lithography txawv, sau dub-thiab-dawb prints ntawm kev muag khoom, ua maps. Txheej txheem ntawm lithography luam illustrations nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv thiab kev qhia collections.

Raws li ib tug kev zoo ntawm replicated thaj av, lithography yog dav siv nyob tam sim no. Qhov no printing txoj kev yog yus muaj los ntawm cov yooj yim ntawm kev siv contemporary artists los tsim ib tug dub-thiab-dawb dluab. Graphics yuav tsum tau los qhia methodological ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb pab, ntawv nthuav qhia thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine. Txawm li cas los, rau tsim ib tug lithograph yog tam sim no tsis muaj yuav tsum tau daim ntawv rau printing. Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm nanotechnology lug ua hauj lwm niaj hnub ntau yam graphics, hluav taws xob thiab kho qhov muag lithography. Projection lithography siv laser tawg yog dav siv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tseeb kho qhov muag technology los mus txhim kho metrology khoom nrog ntxiv kev siv ntawm nws lawm.