Lermontov tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm Lermontov nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv

Creativity Lavxias teb sab classic Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova peb txhua tus paub tseem nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws tej hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub yuav tsum tau kev kawm pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv txhua hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Lermontov thiab inimitable ntse heev, txawm tias nws suav hais tias nws tus kheej tsis sufficiently zoo meej yuav tsum tau sau tom ntej rau nws tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov mlom Pushkin. Yog vim li cas nws pib mus rau luam tawm nws tej hauj lwm tsuas yog tom qab txoj kev tuag ntawm Alexander.

Lermontov tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov yog li ntawd feemxyuam thiab gifted txiv neej, uas nyob rau hauv nws luv heev lub neej nws muaj kev tswj kom tawm rau peb xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv countless kev cai riches nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam, kwv huam, novels, cov dabneeg luv luv, novels, etc. Thaum lub sij hawm, nws ntxiv ib qhov txuas ntawm cov poj geniuses ntawm lub classical Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv uas nws ua hauj lwm yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv. Lermontov tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam qhia cov me nyuam mus rau lub fact tias cov kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg nyob lub sij hawm uas lawv tau tshwm sim thiab hais tias tua. Lermontov lub paj huam tau sau nyob rau hauv ib tug heev txawv, zoo nkauj thiab thawj hom lus. Muaj ntau yam tseem nco ntsoov los ntawm lub plawv cov paj huam "Borodino" thiab paub nrog xws li nto moo tej hauj lwm raws li "Raug Kaw Nkuaj ntawm lub Caucasus", "Haji-Abrek," "novice," "Dab," "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug Poet", "Sail", "dagger" "Duma", thiab lwm yam

"Hero of Our Lub sij hawm"

Yog xav paub ntxiv nyob rau hauv-tob txoj kev tshawb no ntawm creativity M. Yu. Lermontova cim ib qho ntawm nws tsim yaam tshab twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Lawv yog tus tshiab "A Hero of Our Lub sij hawm", los ntawm cov uas Lermontov twb pom raws li ib tug tiag tiag kev sau ntawv innovator 30-40-ies ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Great creator nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm ib tug romantic kev taw qhia. Nws tshiab sau nyob rau hauv prose nrog ib tug thawj tswv yim mus kom ze rau lub cyclization txoj kev. Nws muab rau peb ib tug landmark duab ntawm Pechorin - txiv neej, los ua superfluous nyob rau hauv nws cov breakaway lub sij hawm.

Cov ua hauj lwm rau nws tus kheej yog tsis sib lawv liag thiab sab nqaij daim tawv ib theem zuj zus, thiab muaj ib tug kiag li nyias muaj nyias ib zaj dab neeg, mus ncig teb chaws tsab ntawv, dab neeg thiab hmoov. Rau tshooj yuav npaj ib tug txawv lig kev txiav txim. Tab sis Lermontov yog tsis tau tus nqi, thiab hais tias lub foreground nws raug nqi ntau precisely paub tus cwm pwm ntawm tus hero Pechorin, nws cov duab thiab nws yaam puab paub. Hais dabneeg dab neeg pab peb cov neeg: ib observer - mus txawv tebchaws tub ceev xwm, buddy - Maksim Maksimych, thiab lub ntsiab cim - Grigory Pechorin.

Thawj nyeem ntawv surfactant Pechorina psychology ntsuam, ces nyob rau hauv ntau yam, thiab nyob rau thaum xaus muaj lub deepest psychoanalysis. Cov dab neeg "Hero of Our Lub sij hawm" Lermontov sau nyob rau hauv 1840, cia li ib lub xyoo ua ntej lub tragic duel. Thiab yuav luag tam sim ntawd nws twb luam nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg publishing Ilya Glazunov.

"Sail"

Lub "Sail" rau cov menyuam kawm qib pib mus tshawb tus naas ej paj huam. Lermontov sau nws txawm raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau lub verge ntawm loj cov kev hloov thiab kev kuaj rau nws, thaum taug kev raws tus ntug dej ntawm lub Gulf ntawm Finland nyob rau hauv 1832. Nws tsuas yog 17 xyoo. Vim hais tias ntawm ib tug sib cav sib ceg nrog rau cov kev qhia neeg ua hauj lwm, nws twb yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub University of Moscow thiab tsis nco qab txoj hauj lwm linguist. Nws yuav tsum tau tsiv mus nyob rau St. Petersburg thiab mus rau tsev kawm ntawv lub khwb warrant tub ceev xwm thiab Kawm ua tub rog. Thiab yog li ntawd lub hauv paus rau cov paj huam "Sail" Lermontov muab tag nrho nws lub siab ntsws xav thiab xav txog nws yav tas los thiab ib qho meej txog yav tom ntej yog tsis tau tseeb.

Cov paj huam muaj peb stanzas, uas qhia tus yam ntxwv kaj dluab, poetic suab paj nruag, sib sib zog nqus kev xav ntawm kev kawm txawj thiab kom loj hlob ntawm kev xav. Sail nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ua raws li ib tug lyrical hero, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm uas yog hloov Seascape. Thiab qhov no yog precisely qhia nws puas siab puas ntsws lub xeev. Cov duab ntawm lub hiav txwv yog ib lub cim ntawm lub neej twists thiab koj lem, thiab ib tug sail - yog tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus txiv neej. Sail opposed hais, raws li tau zoo raws li tus txiv neej nws tus kheej, ces muab pov tseg rau hauv lub hiav txwv txhua hnub teeb meem, uas yog infinitely kho siab nrog cov tib neeg wallowing muaj.

"Dab"

Raws li lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, cov me nyuam kawm lwm heev thawj ua hauj lwm - lub paj huam "Lub Dab". Lermontov, zoo li ntau Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv xav nyob hauv cov dluab ntawm cov ntsujplig phem, thiab yog li siv pej xeem epics, legends thiab biblical cov txheej xwm. Nyob rau hauv nws zaj paj huam "Lub dab" Lermontov ceeb toom txog yuav ua li cas naïve ib tug txiv neej yog, yuav ua li cas yooj yim nws yuav raug ntxias mus ncaj nraim mus rau dabteb. Sau qhov no txawv tshaj plaw nyob rau hauv nws cov kev zoo nkauj thiab allegory paj huam Lermontov pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 thiab cov ua haujlwm rau nws rau 10 xyoo. Cov zajlus yog lub biblical lus dab neeg, uas hais tias Vajtswv dab los ntawm lub ntuj ntsuj plig phem uas txwv nws txoj cai thiab nws xav yuav tus Vajtswv saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. Thiab ces nws ntaus nqi mus rau nws Caucasian ancient lus dab neeg ntawm yuav ua li cas lub roob ntsuj plig Hood, cuajkhaum ntxhais Niño rau nws tus lover, ob qho tib si flunked ib avalanche.

Thiab Dab Lermontov tsim ib tug ntsuj plig zoo xws li cov Hood, uas yeej tsis paub txog txoj kev chim siab thiab tsis ntseeg ntev lawm muab tso tseg, nws tsis nrhiav vaj tse, nws saib tsis taus cov kev txwv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg hav zoov. Thiab mam li nco dheev nws yeej - nws yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus zoo nkauj Tamara, qhov no kev hlub yog kev sim siab thiab puas nws, tiam sis tsuas yog ib tug tim tswv cawm nws thiab qhib lub rooj vag ntawm ntuj ceeb tsheej, tiam sis cov dab rov qab nyob ib leeg thiab nyob mus ib txhis torment. Npaj siab mus rau revive los ntawm txoj kev hlub nws tsis tuaj tawm. Dab Lermontov khuv xim, thiab qhov no tu siab ruam nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb kab, thiab yog li nphav tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus nyeem ntawv.

"Kub" paj huam

Lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam Lermontov lub paj huam hais txog lub caij nplooj zeeg yuav tsis txhob muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, vim hais tias lub sij hawm no yog devoted mus rau ib tug "kub" voj voog. Nws yog ib tug dreary, damp lub caij nplooj zeeg lub sij hawm kev kho mob maj romantic ntsuj plig ntawm cov tub ntxhais kws sau paj lug, uas yog maj hloov los ntawm docile thiab humble me nyuam tub nyob rau hauv excitatory thiab irrepressible me nyuam tub twb muaj sij hawm los muab rau lub neej thiab tsis pom nws li meaningless. Nws admires cov extinction ntawm qhov thiab los ntawm qhov ib tug kawm tiav ntawm ib lub voj voog nyob rau hauv lub neej thiab yog tam sim no npaj rau txo hwj chim txais txawm txoj hmoo yuav npaj nws. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam Lermontov lub paj huam hais txog lub caij nplooj zeeg yuav tsis tig rau.

"Caij nplooj zeeg"

Lermontov "caij nplooj zeeg" sau nyob rau hauv 1828, thaum nws muaj 14 xyoo. Qhov no paj huam yog ib tug ntawm cov clearest piv txwv ntawm cov kws sau paj lug txoj kev hlub rau niam qhov. Thaum nws kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug nce tsev thiab npaj mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tawm tsev kawm ntawv, nws tuaj mus rau nws cov haiv neeg pog tus qub txeeg qub tes nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab ib tug ntau ntawm kev taug kev, admiring lub zos lub zos ncig. Nws yog muaj hais tias nws thawj zaug qhuas lub extraordinary kev zoo nkauj, splendor thiab greatness ntawm Lavxias teb sab xwm. Nws yog xyuas los ntawm ib tug muse khawv koob, nws pib mus ua hauj lwm, thiab tau txais ib great paj huam. Lermontov lub paj huam hais txog lub caij nplooj zeeg co nws extraordinary melodic thiab zoo nkauj qhia txog qhov no phem heev rau lub caij, uas ib txwm coj tau ib lub teeb melancholy ntawm yav dhau los tense thiab unfulfilled kev cia siab.

"Kev tuag ntawm ib tug Poet"

Lermontov kawm tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, thiab muaj xws li lub npe nrov paj huam "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug." Lermontov, Pushkin yog ib tug mlom, nws yeej ib txwm qhuas nws ua hauj lwm. Yog li ntawd, cia li tuag ntawm Pushkin yog rau Michael raws li ib tug poob siab thiab tshwm sim los zoo indignation thiab poob siab. Nws thiaj li impressed nws sau no zaj paj huam, uas accuses conspiratorially high zej zog kev pab them nqi tiv thaiv cov poj poet. Cov paj huam "Kev tuag ntawm ib tug Poet" muaj ob qhov chaw, tus thawj ntawm uas qhia txog cov xwm txheej no uas tshwm sim ib hlis ntuj 27, 1837. Thiab nws tsis yog Dantes Lermontov tshaj tawm killer, txawm hais tias nws tsis laij, thiab high zej zog, uas luag ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab feem ntau ntawm txhua lub sij hawm humiliated thiab ua txhaum rau nws. Lermontov kaw lub kaw lub voj voog ntawm cov kws sau paj lug uas raug tua nyob rau hauv cov neeg siab phem, npliag lus qhuas thiab pathetic kev zam txim rau. Txawm tias Lermontov nyob rau hauv lawv cov kab alluding mus rau lub fact tias Pushkin paub hais tias nws killer nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag thiab yog vim li cas rau nws txoj kev tuag, uas nws kwv yees muaj hmoov zoo-teller nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob yog ib feem ntawm Lermontov accuses lub thiaj li hu ua "golden hluas" uas nto moo poj koob yawm txwv tam sim no, ntawm chav kawm, khiav kev rau txim. Txawm li cas los, nws ceeb toom ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev txiav txim, ua ntej uas, ua ntej los yog tom qab ntawd lawv txhua txhua tus yuav tsum tau tshwm sim. Rau no bold paj huam Lermontov twb raug xa mus rau hauv exile rau lub Caucasus. Thiab ces nws cia li, zoo li Pushkin, yuav raug tua nyob rau hauv ib tug duel.

xaus

Cov kws sau paj lug yuav tsis mus unnoticed, tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua li cas ua kom nws cov yeeb ncuab. Lermontov tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, nyob ib tug loj seem. Cov kws sau paj lug tuaj koom nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm nyob mus ib txhis philosophical cov lus nug uas ib txwm muaj tau tib neeg, nws yog ib tug ntxeev siab thiab mus tawm tsam tag nrho ces lub ntiaj teb no kev txiav txim. Lub sij hawm, nws yog zoo li nws cim, nws kuj muaj, raug kev txom nyem thiab hlub. Nws siab luv heev uas zoo sib xws rau Pushkin, nkawd ob leeg xav tias cov xim thiab attracted nws mus rau nws, raws li lawv yuav, tej zaum dag ridicule nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov epigrams los yog freestyle tus cwj pwm ntawm kev khoom, raws li zoo raws li lub whims thiab insults. Lawv me ntsuj plig yog lam tau lam ua thiab tsis zoo tiv thaiv, yog li lub sij hawm rau lub neej Vajtswv tau muab rau lawv ib tug heev me ntsis. Tab sis nws tsis rau tsis muaj dab tsi hais tias lawv tau nyob nws lub neej. Tam sim no peb muaj peev xwm nkaus xwb yuav zoo siab hais tias xws li neeg zoo tau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Thiab tam sim no lawv tau los ua ib tug tiag tiag cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.