Leej twg yog Normanists thiab antinormanistov?

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab science muaj rau ib ntev lub sij hawm muaj ib tug kev sib tham Normanists antinormanistov thiab uas kev txhawj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Normans (Norsemen) nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm medieval statehood nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no sib cav tswv yim yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txawv dav hlau - lub ideological thiab scientific.

Keeb kwm kev sib tham

Cov lus tsis txaus siab txog cov Normans tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII, thaum lub Swedish historians tau siv cov ntaub ntawv rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tus Varangian Rus los pab txhawb lub teb chaws expansion nyob rau hauv Eastern Europe. Tej rhetoric tau tshwm sim los tsis kam ntawm lub teb chaws ideologists ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua (thawj ntawm tag nrho cov, Mikhail Lomonosov). Antinormanistov tsis kam muab tej kev twb kev txuas Rus thiab lub Vikings.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, qhov no thuam tau zoo zoo. Los ntawm lub sij hawm tuaj ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem loj scientific tej hauj lwm ntawm linguists, mus nrhiav pov thawj rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Scandinavian npe ntawm cov thawj Lavxias teb sab princes nyob rau hauv medieval chaw (xws li Oleg, Rurik, Igor, thiab hais txog. N.). Tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog lub xov xwm ntawm tus naas ej Danish explorer Vilgelma Tomsena. Hais txog Varangians nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub VIII xyoo pua, muaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov pov thawj rechecked. Lawv lub hwj huam rau lub kab lis kev cai ntawm sab hnub tuaj Slavs kawm kom hnub no.

Txawm li cas los, hais tsis sib haum Normanists antinormanistov thiab resumed nrog tshiab quab yuam twb nyob rau hauv lub Stalin era, thaum antinormanizma tswvyim siv tau tawm tsam Nazi dag txog tus superiority ntawm lub Germanic haiv neeg ntawm lub Slavic (Swedes thiab Scandinavians nyob rau hauv kev yog cov ze tshaj txheeb ze ntawm tus haiv neeg Germans). Txij li thaum lub hnub ntawm lub Soviet Union thuam ntawm tag nrho Norman dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Rurik

Feem ntau cov Normanists antinormanistov thiab sib cav txog tus kheej ntawm Rurik - tus tub huabtais uas kav nyob rau hauv Novgorod nyob rau hauv 862-879 xyoo. Nws tuaj mus rau Russia ua ke nrog nws cov kwv tij thiab Truvor Sineus. Raws li cov "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo" nyob rau hauv 862. Ilmen Slavs thiab lub zos Finno-Finns tau caw lawv los kav Novgorod av. Local pab pawg neeg tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev txom strife. Internal quarrels cov lub Slavs ntawm lub North-West ntawm Russia pib tom qab hais tias raws li lawv tsav tsheb mus yav tas los ntawm Vikings, lawv them tribute nyob rau hauv pauv rau lawv cov kev nyab xeeb. Independence tau coj mus rau ib qhov bloodshed. Thaum kawg warring aristocratic tog Novgorod pom zoo yuav caw ib tug nruab nrab kav los ntawm cov uas muaj kev tswj kom txhob muaj cov strife nruab nrab ntawm lawv.

Qhov no txiv neej thiab los ua Rurik. Cov lus tsis txaus siab Normanists thiab antinormanistov regards tus uas tuaj lub Vikings muaj nyob rau hauv lub Eastern Slavs. Muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg hais tias tus tub huabtais los ntawm Scandinavia, nrog rau nws entourage thiab advisers. Nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm lub teb chaws hu ua "Rus". Normanists thiab antinormanistov txawv nyob rau hauv tus txhais lus los ntawm lub sij hawm.

Ruric tau txais Novgorod, Sineus - Beloozero, Truvor - Izborsk. Lub npe ntawm lub laus tus kwv tij mus rov qab mus rau Hrærekr - Scandinavian lub npe, thiaj li muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tias nws yog tus qhua. Txawm li cas los Normanists antinormanistov thiab sib txawv txhais ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov thawj thawj ntawm Novgorod. Piv txwv li, ib co kws tshawb fawb qhia tau tias nws nrog Rerik Jutland, uas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub IX xyoo pua thiab tau koom rau cov dynasty scylding los ntawm Denmark. Qhov no kev tshawb xav yog raws li nyob rau hauv kev zoo sib thooj ntawm cov npe, txawm tias qhov no tsis tseem ceeb feature - tus tshaj plaws xwb uas underpinned lub hypothesis.

fragmentary qhov chaw

Tag nrho cov niaj hnub sib cav tswv yim Normanists thiab antinormanistov raws li nyob rau hauv medieval keeb kwm uas yog theej los yog nyob rau hauv ib feem tau poob vim hluav taws kub thiab lwj kev nyab xeeb. Tag nrho cov no generates ib tug ntau ntawm innuendo thiab speculation.

Yog hais tias koj sib piv rau txoj hauj lwm thiab Normanists antinormanistov, nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias lawv tsis sib haum yuav ob peb Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, tej zaum kuj tseem. Piv txwv li, lub successor Ryurika Oleg thaum xub thawj hu ua nws tus tswv xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus nrog Byzantium thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua X nws yog hais twb raws li ib tug txheeb ze ntawm cov thawj thawj ntawm Novgorod. Tom qab ntawd Lavxias teb sab chaw ntawm XII xyoo pua, kuj tau hais no hypothesis, ua tsis hauv thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm domestic chroniclers.

Ib qho teeb meem lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias tsis muaj txawv teb chaws historians ywj siab los ntawm lub sij hawm, uas yuav paub meej tias cov lus dab neeg ntawm Rurik thiab nws ob tug kwv tij. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, yog tsis muaj caij nyoog sib tam ntawm cov kev ua ub ntawm lub Varangian princes.

Swedish kev tshawb fawb

Feeb ntau, nws yog ntseeg hais tias Normanists antinormanistov thiab pib lawv sib tham nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cov XVIII caug xyoo. Txawm li cas los, cov thawj txoj kev tshawb rau cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov Scandinavians thiab Russia hnub rov qab mus rau lub XVI-XVII centuries. Thaum nyob rau hauv Muscovy yog thawj Western Europeans. Yog li ntawd, cov nqe lus nug ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub Vikings xav nyob rau hauv imperial ambassador Sigismund Herberstein. Nyob rau lub tswv yim npaj txoj kev nws mus rau lwm yam kev soj ntsuam.

Lub tswv yim ntawm Swedish keeb kwm ntawm Rurik defended lub Swedish diplomat thiab historian Petr Petrey de Erlezunda, uas nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Boris Godunov. Nws tej hauj lwm los ua nrov txawm txawv teb chaws thiab tau txhais mus rau hauv German. Swedish sau Olaf Dalin, nyob rau hauv lub official thov sau "Cov Keeb kwm ntawm lub Swedish lub xeev," Rurik nws nrhiav tau nrog Erik Björnsson los ntawm Scandinavian Ynglings dynasty. Tsis ntev, txawm li cas los, qhov no hypothesis tau disproved.

Phau Ntawv Gottlieb Bayer

Thawj lub sij scientific ua hauj lwm uas pib normanizm xam tau tias yog sau ntawv "Nyob rau Varyag" nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws sau yog ib tug xib fwb ntawm lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences Gottlieb Bayer (1694-1738). Nws xub soj ntsuam tus keeb kwm txheej ntawm thaum ntxov medieval chaw, uas nws thiaj li los ua zaub mov rau thought tom ntej no ob peb tiam ntawm kws tshawb fawb.

Tus thawj Bayer cia siab rau hauv phau ntawv ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm. Academician tso tseg nrov ces tus "Prussian kev tshawb xav" raws li uas tus Vikings muaj yuzhnobaltiyskoe keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm thiab tau txais daim ntawv pov los ntawm txawv teb chaws qhov chaw, piv txwv li los ntawm lub annals Bertinskih.

Nyob rau hauv Bayer Vikings paub lub Scandinavians nyob rau hauv lub broadest siab ntawm lo lus: lub Swedes, Gotlanders, Danes thiab Norwegians. Resorting rau lug, nws analyzed lub Lavxias teb sab nom tswv cajceg thiab cov npe ntawm cov princes IX-X centuries. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, tus sau tig mus rau qhov chaw xws li pob zeb runic inscriptions, Greek tej hauj lwm, thiab lwm yam monuments ntawm lub sij hawm. Bayer coj lub writings, thiab cov Byzantine huab tais X xyoo pua, Konstantina Bagryanorodnogo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no ua hauj lwm historian xaus lus tias cov npe ntawm Rurik thiab muaj Truvor Scandinavian keeb kwm.

Ua hauj lwm Gerard Miller

Ib txhia ntawm cov "Varangian" phau ntawv tawg tsam attracted tus mloog ntawm Vasiliya Tatischeva (1686 -1750), thiab tau raug nplua los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv nws "Keeb kwm ntawm Russia". Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij nws tus kheej daig raws nraim opposite txaus rau Bayer. Tatishchev yog ib tug apologist antinormanizma, Vikings ntseeg lub Finns thiab Finnish keeb kwm ntaus nqi mus rau Rurik.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub sau ntawm "Keeb kwm ntawm Russia" nyob rau hauv kev sib tham hauv Scandinavia nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua twb tau mus kawm los ntawm ob mas soj ntsuam. Tus thawj yog ib tug loj ethnographer thiab geographer Gerard Miller (1705-1783), thiab lub thib ob - Mikhail Lomonosov (1711 - 1765). Xeem nws ua hauj lwm ib tug ntau yam ntawm sciences thiab tshuav ib tug tseem ceeb cim xws li nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm kev qhuab qhia.

Nyob rau hauv 1749, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm ib hnub tom ntej lub npe hnub ntawm lub Empress Elizabeth, lub capital yog yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug pej xeem los ua ke, uas tseem ceeb kev kawm ntawv tuaj nyeem-tog lus ceeb toom. Tshwj xeeb Lomonosov sau nws nto moo "duab" rau cov kev tshwm sim. Miller xaiv tus es nplua npe ntawm "The Origin of cov neeg thiab lub npe ntawm tus Lavxias teb sab." Cov ntawv nyeem tau raug npaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, tab sis nws yeej tsis tau mus nyob hauv lub pej xeem sib cav tswv yim thiab yog twb nyob rau hauv lub sau ib tsab seized.

Miller lub tsab ntawv ceeb toom tsis nyiam muaj ntau zaum thiab ua hauj lwm nyob ze rau qhov Empress leej twg pom nws "predosuzhdenie Russia." Yeej lub tswv yim sib cav thiab Lomonosov, uas yog ib tug ntse tus nrog sib ntaus ntawm cov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub "Varyag" hauv paus hniav ntawm Russia. Zoo li cov nyob rau hauv lawv cov views on qhov kev sib tham Tatischev zam. Zoo li ntau lub sij hawm ua ntej nyob rau hauv 1749 Normanists kev tshawb xav thiab antinormanistov tshwm sim los ib tug loj teeb meem ntawm domestic zaum.

Miller nyob rau hauv nws beleaguered thesis lom zem ntau echoed los ntawm Bayer. Piv txoj hauj lwm Normanists antinormanistov thiab sim seb zoo li cas yog lawv cov tseem ceeb sib txawv. Lawv yuav muab tau yooj yim cais los ntawm muab piv Miller thiab University kev ntsuam xyuas. Ua ntej, tiv thaiv lub Norman kev tshawb xav, nws zoo li peb lub Scandinavians thiab Vikings coj nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm no hypothesis, pov thawj tshiab. Nyob rau hauv kev, Miller kos mloog mus rau lub txwm "Lavxias teb sab" cov npe ntawm cov Dnieper rapids, uas tau muab nyob rau hauv nws treatise "Nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub teb chaws" los ntawm lub Byzantine kav Konstantinom Bagryanorodnym. Tsis tas li ntawd tus sau ntawm acclaimed tej hauj lwm attracted rau nws txoj kev kawm qhia Scandinavian sau phau ntawv ntawm thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, hais sab hnub tuaj Slavs.

Historians Normanists thiab antinormanistov feem ntau ua lam nyob rau hauv ib tug complex nom tswv nriaj. Uas nres rau ntawm Miller tau tshwm sim los tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas lub scientific nam ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, raws li nws ideological overtones. Elizabeth lub reign tau pib tom qab lub "tsaus nti xyoo caum", thaum twg, thaum lub sij hawm Anny Ioannovny sib sau nyob ib ncig ntawm lub zwm txwv ntau heev Germans. Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Empress tau ua raws li los ntawm ib tug backlash. Nws criticized txhua yam txawv teb chaws, thiab Sweden thiab ua tsov rog pib. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tiv thaiv no tom qab, ua hauj lwm, tham txog lub Scandinavian keeb kwm ntawm Rurik, twb paub raws li ib tug smear. Miller, ua nyob rau hauv ib tug me teeb meem no, lawv xav, txawm li cas los, tsis tau hloov. Nws ua hauj lwm twb luam tawm txawv teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nws li cov kev nyeem ntawv tau ua muaj xwb nyob rau hauv 2006.

cov lus sib cav antinormanistov

Xav paub cov lus teb rau cov xov xwm ntawm Miller tau ua raws li los ntawm nws lub ntsiab tus nrog sib ntaus Mihaila Lomonosova. Ib tug ob peb xyoos tom qab lub sensational tsis sib haum Varangian Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij pib compose nws tus kheej loj ua hauj lwm rau lub teb chaws lub keeb kwm. Tag rau nws, nws tsis muaj lub sij hawm vim lub cia li tuag. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Lomonosov twb luam tawm tsuas yog ib lub ntim ntawm nws "ancient Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm." Cuaj kaum, cov nqe lus nug ntawm lub Varangians (raws li ib tug ntawm qhov muaj feem thib), tus sau nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tau.

"Russia ua ntej Rurik" Mikhail mob siab ob peb tshooj kev kawm. Rau lub Slavs, nws reckoned tsis tau tsuas yog lub Slavs, tab sis kuj cov Baltic States (Lithuania, Zhmud, Prussians) thiab Veneto, cov Midia thiab paflagontsev, attributing lub keeb kwm ntawm no ntau haiv neeg yuav luag mus rau lub era ntawm lub Trojan ua tsov ua rog. Twb tau qhov no lo lus cog tseg yuav tau pom lub tswv yim hais tias tsis muaj Vikings los yog lwm yam pab pawg neeg yuav tsis cuam tshuam tej lub tsim ntawm ib tug neeg sab nraud Russia, uas nws lub hauv paus pib rau hnub tim rov qab mus rau antiquity. Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm Lomonosov lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv nws tus sau adhered mus rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm historiography XVI-XVII centuries, thaum nyob rau hauv European science muaj los tsim txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev txawj xav ntawm cov qhov chaw.

"Russophile" kev tshawb xav hais tias Rurik tuaj ntawm Slavs khaws cia thiab Ekaterina II, attentive mus rau lub "Keeb kwm" Vasiliya Tatischeva. Piv txwv li, yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws historiographers ntawm lub sij hawm, Mikhail Shcherbatov (1733-1790) yog suav hais tias yog thawj Novgorod None txheeb ze txwj laus Ilmen Slovenes Gostomysl.

lub tswv yim Karamzin

Ib tug ntxiv kuas thiab loj mus kom ze piv nrog lawv contemporaries ua Nikolai Karamzin (1766-1826). Nws multi-volume "Keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev" tau ua qhov tseem ceeb tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai thiab science.

Karamzin yog Attendance attentive mus dab tsi yog hais thiab Normanists thiab antinormanistov. Cov lus sib cav nyob rau ob sab tau lawv coj mus rau hauv tus account nrog lub siab tshaj plaws kev saib xyuas mus rau qhov tseeb. Karamzin hwm tej hauj lwm ntawm Bayer thiab Miller, xav tias lawv cov unforgettable rau tag nrho ntawm keeb kwm. Tab sis antinormanskaya tswvyim Tatishcheva nws twb thuam. Tshwj xeeb skeptical txawj sau ntawv hu ua pov thawj ntawm podcherpnut Ioakimovskaya cov ntaub ntawv.

Karamzin hais tias tag nrho rau yuav tsum muaj tseeb txhawb lub Scandinavian keeb kwm ntawm Rurik thiab cov Varangians nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Firstly, pov thawj ntawm Western sau phau ntawv, piv txwv li, Npis Sov Liutprand Cremona, qhov twg Russ xav tias nws yog lub Normans. Ob, lub npe ntawm Rurik, thiab lwm yam princes tsim los nrog ib tug ntshiab Scandinavian etymology. Peb, cov Byzantine qhov chaw. Vikings nyob rau hauv Constantinople hu ua Scandinavian knights. Plaub, Miller lub sib cav txog cov npe ntawm cov Dnieper rapids. Fifth, kev zoo sib thooj ntawm tus sau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev cai lij choj qhov tseeb nrog rau cov tib German thiab Scandinavian vaults. Sixth, tus "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo," nyob qhov twg rau tus neeg sau Nestor hais tias lub Vikings nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ntawm lub hiav txwv Baltic.

winning Normanists

Kub sib cav tswv yim ideological tw ua kev tsis sib haum ntawm Normanists antinormanistov thiab ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab "poob rau hauv ntujtawg cov lus nug" ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Lub raws taw tes rau hauv nws cov kev loj hlob yog cov phau ntawv ntawm lub Danish linguist Vilgelma Tomsena (1842-1927) "Tsev Lavxias teb sab xeev." Nws yog nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm twb xub hais rau tag nrho cov essence ntawm lub classical Norman kev tshawb xav. Feem ntau cov phau ntawv Thomsen differed los ntawm nws cov predecessors kev tsis ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv kev kawm yam lus. Cov lus sib cav ntawm tus paub txog hais txog lub hom lus tivthaiv ntawm medieval chaw, tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb hnub no.

Raws li nws tsuas loj tus nrog sib ntaus Thomsen hais tias Stepan Gedeonov (1816-1878), txij thaum nws yog nws ua hauj lwm "Cov Vikings thiab Rus" ua rau Dane, "lub tswv yim loj deliberation." Lwm yam tej hauj lwm antinormanskie linguist hu ua unscientific. Nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv Thomsen ua ib tug no: kev soj ntsuam ntawm as thiab Byzantine qhov chaw nyob rau hauv latin rau lub Vikings.

Ntsuam xyuas cov keeb kwm ntawm lo lus "Russia", tus paub txog hu ua nws lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub Swedish sib npaug ntawm cov lus "sailing" thiab "rowing". Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas Thomsen pom hais tias xws li lub npe lawv hu lawv tus kheej lub Scandinavians, uas nyob rau lub shores ntawm lub Gulf ntawm Finland, thiab muaj embarked rau ib txoj kev taug mus rau lub zos nyob sib ze lub teb chaws. Ib yam li ntawd, ib tug linguist tau tawm lo lus "Vikings". Raws li nws tus hypothesis, nws tawm los ntawm lub Swedish hauv paus "var", uas translates li "nyob" los yog "kev tiv thaiv".

Thomsen singled tawm ib lub teb lus ntawm ancient hom lus, leej twg yuav kom meej meej pom Scandinavian etymology (Tiuna, sob, kav, stick, thiab hais txog. D.). Summing li nws txoj kev tshawb no, tus sau npaj ib tug capacious ua piv txwv qhia: lub Scandinavians tau pw lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug me me lub xeev, uas muaj nws tus kheej Slavs ntau zog rau gigantic proportions. Yog hais tias koj sib piv rau txoj hauj lwm thiab Normanists antinormanistov, xws li ib tug sib piv tas rests nyob rau hauv kev sib cav hais tias nws twb xub coj Dane Vilhelm Thomsen.

lub sij hawm ntawm qhov teeb meem

Txiav txim uas yog txoj cai nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis sib haum Normanists thiab antinormanistov, nws yuav tsum tau kev nyaub siab hais tias lawv controversy tau lub ntsiab lus xwb nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua, thaum lub tsim ntawm lub xeev nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm lub dynasty. Tab sis txawm tus sau ntawm lub ntsiab medieval qhov twg los "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo" Nestor teb peb cov lus nug nyias, "nyob qhov twg nws mus" Slavic cov neeg uas twb Rurik thiab, thaum kawg, yuav ua li cas ua Russia nws tus kheej. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub mus kom ze niaj hnub no adheres rau keeb kwm science.

Niaj hnub nimno Normanists antinormanistov thiab mus txuas ntxiv lawv tsis sib haum, tab sis nws tau ntev tau paub tseeb hais tias tus txheej txheem ntawm lub xeev tsim yog neeg sab nraud ntawm lub haiv neeg twg ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tsev neeg. Qhov tseeb hais tias Rurik yog alien qhua, tsis tiv thaiv nws tus tub Igor txij thaum yug kiag mus loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv kiag li ib puag ncig thiab assimilate. Nws tus tub thiab tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Vladimir Svyatoslav muaj nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev tsa cov Scandinavians - lawv Slavs ob leeg nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thiab nyob rau hauv lub cwj pwm tsis zoo los yog hais lus. Cov tib yam tshwm sim nrog cov Varangian tus me nyuam advisors, tuav kom hniav khov, thiab lwm leej lwm tus hu ua los ntawm txawv teb chaws rau Russia northerners.

Piv txoj hauj lwm Normanists antinormanistov thiab sim los mus txiav txim yuav ua li cas zoo yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub Scandinavians rau lub creation ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab xeev. Txawm tias Novgorod thiab cov kev cai ntawm lub Vikings (Rurik), thiab Kiev twb ntes los ntawm nws tus advisor los yog tus txheeb ze (Oleg), feem coob ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws tshiab yeej ib txwm tau ib tug Slav. Scandinavian lub caij nws thiaj li zoo nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv. Thiab yog li ntawd lub scientific yeej los ntawm UFW ntawm "Varangian kev tshawb xav" yuav tsis poob ntsej muag "lub teb chaws muaj nuj nqis ntawm lub Great", uas sib cav txawm lub heev thawj Normanists thiab antinormanistov. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, qhov no controversy nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm. Professional thiab nyob rau hauv-tob kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Norman Ancient Rus tseem niaj hnub no, tab sis lawv muaj feem rau me me kom paub meej: ib co lus nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, kev lis kev cai, cov tub rog affairs thiab thiaj li nyob ..