"Lapidary" - dab tsi yog qhov no thiab vim li cas thiaj hu li cas?

Ib tug yuav tsum yooj yim rau saib nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Latin lo lus thiab tau txais cov kev tshwm sim: lapido nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txhais li "pob zeb". Tam sim no, los ntawm cov noun ua epithet. Li ntawd, cov "lapidary" tsuas txhais tau tias "pob zeb"? Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, txawm li cas los, siv no kev kawm mot? Yuav koj hais tias, "Nws raug zaum nrog lapidary ntsej muag"? Tej zaum tsis tau. Koj kuj tsis tau kab lus "lapidary tsev." Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no epithet siv nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog cov lus "style" los yog "style". Thiab yuav tau hu rau ib tug neeg txoj kev uas tau hnov txog lapidary txhais tau tias qhuas nws los yog nws tej uas yus hnov kev txawj ntse. Zoo li, "pob zeb" style los yog style ntawm kev sau ntawv xav cia rau ntawm daim ntawv no mas excessively unwieldy. Tab sis rau tag nrho to taub dab tsi nws txhais tau hais tias "lapidary", koj yuav tau ua ib me ntsis keeb kwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog sau me ntsis ...

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, daim ntawv tsis paub nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Tiaj ntawv nyeem sau rau ciab ntsiav tshuaj. Thaum nws yuav ruaj tsiaj ntawv erased. Me ntsis rhuab ciab duav leveled nto - thiab dua tau ib tug dawb paug ntawv rau kev sau ntawv. Tab sis yuav ua li cas nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev cov ntawv, kev cai, sib, thoob ntiaj teb sib cog lus? Koj yuav tau kawg siv lub papyrus. Tab sis, ces cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsis las rau ntawm lub ntsiab square ntawm lub nroog mus paub cov pej xeem nrog lawv. Uas yog vim li cas lub sib, kev cai thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb yog carved nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb. Tab sis, vim hais tias cov khoom no - nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev sau ntawv, lub tswv yim ntawm tsob ntoo yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb kis. Antique cov ntaub ntawv yog cos, nyuag, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tangible thiab to taub. Qhov no style tom qab hu ua "lapidary". Lub ntsiab lus, yog li ib co kev hloov. Qhov no tsis yog txoj kev uas yuav qhia ponderous thiab style tsim nyog raug carved nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb.

Cos thiab lapidary

Ancient Rome tau sab laug rau peb ntau stelae thiab monuments, qhov twg lub tswv yim tau qhia kom meej meej thiab concisely, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm zoo nkauj thiab muaj kuab heev. Raws li los ntawm cov politicians uas xav qhia lawv yuav rau cov neeg, raws li qhia los ua pom tau hais tias hais lus. Rhetoric, yog ib lub central sciences nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, kawm kos duab rau ntawm hais lus. Listeners yuav tsum ua nws qhev thiab tsis log tawm. Nws yog li ntawd lapidary - ib tug yeej muaj tseeb tus tswv ntawm style. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis overdo nws. Ntev brevity yuav ua rau rejection ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Raws li qhia rhetoric txiv nws tus kheej, Horace, qhov ntau koj sim tsum yog luv luv, qhov ntau to taub tsis tau ua li cas. Cov uas yus hnov yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus nrhiav ib tug nruab nrab hauv av: kev paub qhia lo, ntshiab, kom meej meej thiab concisely qhia lawv cov kev xav, thaum couching lawv nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub mloog los yog nyeem ntawv.

Ntxiv metamorphosis ntawm lo lus "lapidary"

Qhov no muaj peev xwm mus hais lus beautifully thiab luv luv los ua yuav luag ib tug virtue nyob rau hauv ancient Rome. Tab sis nrog lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tus poj faj tim teb chaws ntawm tej uas yus hnov tau tsis poob. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj sij hawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thaum nws tuaj rau lub bombastic zam, muaj yeeb yuj, verbose thiab flowery kab zauv. Tab sis qhov no style ntawm kuj zoo kawg sau ntawv thuam. Piv txwv li, Shakespeare, uas nyob cia li nyob rau hauv xws li ib era, sau tias: "Qhov ntau lus - lub tsawg hnyav lawv muaj." Thiab zoo Lavxias teb sab classic Leo Tolstoy hais tias nyuag xav yog zoo vim hais tias lawv ua tau cov feem ntau ntse nyeem ntawv xav tias. Ib tug piv txwv lapidary style yog sayings. Qhov no luv luv kab lus nyob rau hauv uas ib tug sib sib zog nqus xav yog qhia kom meej meej. Nws yog funny, tab sis muaj aphorisms txog brevity. Tsis muaj lub zem Anton Pavlovich Chehov hais txog nws. Nws yus tus kheej li cov kab lus kom tag nrho cov ci ntsa iab - yooj yim thiab brevity - tus muam ntawm txuj ci.

"Lapidary": lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv contemporary kos duab

Brevity, clarity, conciseness - cov no yog cov zoo uas yuav txais yuav modernism kos duab. Nyob rau hauv nws ntxeev siab tawm tsam cov kev kawm style, nws tau resorted mus rau ib tug yooj yim tab sis haib strokes, tus hluas, kaj xim tsis halftones. Nws aims qhia lub neej raws li nws yog, tsis muaj embellishment ntawm qhov tseeb. Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas los mus piav qhia cubism nyob rau hauv 1921, ib tug ntawm nws apologists, SK Makovsky: "Lub revolutionary style ntawm painting lapidary. Qhov no tshiab kos duab tsis tso kom zoo zoo, nws yog satiated no corny. " Cov uas cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog tus fine art, duab ntawm lub ntxov thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, tab sis kuj cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nws pom muaj ib tug siv lub sij hawm "minimalism" - ib yam ntawm cov lapidary style nyob rau hauv sab hauv tsim.

faj tim teb chaws

Leej twg uas tau pom lub tsev, ua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman style, tsis ntseeg. Yuav ua li cas yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ntau, qhov no nplua nuj, lavishly dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pob zeb decorations thiab architectural hlau malleable whopper nrog lapidary? Faj tim teb chaws - yog ib tug hloov lo lus "faj tim teb chaws". Cov style ua fashionable nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte. Tom qab ntawd, nws raug coj mus thaum lub sij hawm lub restoration. Nyob rau hauv lub vastness ntawm lub Soviet Union yog lub npe hu rau nws nthuav offshoot - Stalin tus faj tim teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi theem kho kom zoo nkauj nrog apples, pears, dov nyob rau hauv los ntawm ib tug cornucopia, hnyav mouldings nrog sickles, hammers, thiab generously, yog hais tias tsis - overly dai kom zoo nkauj cornices mus rau lub style, uas yog hu ua "lapidary"? Qhov no sab ntsuj plig kev twb kev txuas nrog Ancient Rome. Raws li koj nco ntsoov, nyob rau hauv lapidary peb paub los ntawm lub memorial stele nrog inscriptions. Rau vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman style yus antique txhua, Pilasters, thiab motives ntawm lub Olympic mythology friezes, raws li zoo raws li luv luv lapidary inscriptions nyob rau hauv qhuas ntawm cov pej xeem thiab pej xeem virtue.