Khoos phib tawj kawm: yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus

Niaj hnub no, vim yog lub ceev ceev kev kawm ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev tib neeg kev ua si, lub Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm computer technology yog tsis tshua muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab tseem mus nthuav tsis tu ncua. Yog tsis muaj niaj hnub computers ua tsis tau txoj cai tam sim no, tsis muaj sector ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag, kev los yog kev qhuab qhia.

Xws li ib tug loj ntau yam ntawm kev siv thiab hom ntawm cov feem ntau xam tau muab sawv mus rau ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm yam sib txawv nta, uas ua computers thiab cais. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, raws li systematization ntawm computers muaj yog ib qho mob ceev heev yuav tsum tau vim hais tias ntawm loj heev ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov chaw thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev txhais tau tias.

Tej yam no yog xam tias yog hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub lag luam, cov yam ntxwv; lub hom phiaj; Haum tus kwv apparatus; kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob thiab cov kev pab cov cai; applied architecture ntawm lub system thiab nws cov yam ntxwv puag; ekonmicheskie ntau yam thiab thiaj li nyob. Lub yuav tej yam uas tag nrho cov tshwm sim yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv lub tsim, siv thiab ua thiab installation ntawm ib tug computer system.

Cov ntau npaum thiab tsim nyog yog lub generalized kev faib ntawm lub computer rau ib tug tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm yooj yim nta, xws li lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm systematization tso cai rau koj mus sab laj txog qhov siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov sib txawv pab pawg, hom, pawg thiab cov chav kawm. Qhov no mus kom ze yog pom tias yuav ua tau lub feem ntau cov tswv yim thiab tsim nyog.

Nyob rau hauv lub khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub computer txiav txim seb tus faib cov nram qab no pawg ntawm computer systems: digital, analog-rau-digital thiab analog hom computers. Cov computers cov txheej txheem rau Pib ntsais koj teeb uas muaj tuaj nyob rau hauv ib binary cov code. Instrumentation analog hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam, ntsig txog, yog ua hauj lwm nrog analog Pib ntsais koj teeb. Zoo, tus hybrid system combines cov ob ntsiab cai. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov hom feature ntawm cov tshuab yog lawv tivthaiv configuration.

Classification los ntawm lub hom phiaj computer yog lub feem ntau kim heev. Cov no muaj xws tshwj xeeb, kev tswj, tswj, koj tus kheej, kev kawm (ntau simulators), cov hom phiaj kev, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Universal computer systems teem feem nyob rau hauv kev pab raws qib ntawm ib tug ntau thiab cov kev taw qhia: kev kawm txog zauv, astronomy, engineering, economic, statistical, etc. Xws li ib tug kev faib implies lub hav zoov ntawm ib lub computer nyob rau hauv pawg no cov cav tov uas muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam kev pab raws qib rau tej algorithms.

Lub qhov txawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug cov hom phiaj kev computing technology yog architecture uas tso cai rau mus cuag ib tug ntau yam ntawm ntau yam peripheral pab kiag li lawm , nyob ntawm seb lub specifics ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Hloov cov nqi thiab kev tsis tso cai tsis tsuas mus rau instantly hloov mus rau ib tug txawv lig teeb meem rau txawv cov tseem thiab tej ntsiab cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua, tab sis kuj muab cov qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm lub cev thiab tus neeg siv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv qhov ntsiab lus teb, tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb yog cov kev faib ntawm computer software. Nws yog tam sim no pua pua txhiab tus txawv software khoom uas hais tias tej zaum cov ntsiab heev kev pab raws qib. Tag nrho software yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no lub ntsiab pawg: yooj yim software (nyob ntawm no feem ntau yog muaj xws li kev khiav hauj lwm systems thiab software plhaub), compilers, cuab yeej, thiab daim ntaub ntawv.